Ovipositor length of threeApocrypta species: Effect on oviposition behavior and correlation with syconial thickness

We investigated oviposition behavior in three non-pollinating fig wasps: the sympatric speciesApocrypta bakeri Joseph onFicus hispida L.,A. westwoodi Grandi onF. racemosa L., andApocrypta sp. onF. semicordata Buch.-Ham. The oviposition behavior differs significantly between one pair of species (A. bakeri andA. westwoodi) and the other species (Apocrypta sp. onF. semicordata).A. bakeri andA. westwoodi were similar in the following aspects: the posture of the abdomen and the action of the hind legs before penetration, and the bending ovipositor sheath during penetration. In contrast, the oviposition behavior ofApocrypta sp. is quite different. This difference can be explained by the significant correlation between ovipositor length and syconial thickness.Apocrypta sp. has a shorter ovipositor than the two other species, which correlates with the thinner syconial wall of its host figF. semicordata. It is deduced that the ovipositor length adapts to the syconial thickness and induces the oviposition behavior in the different species to diverge. For all threeApocrypta species, the midleg length and hindleg length are significantly correlated with their ovipositor lengths. This may be explained as due to the fact that body movement adjusting the hindlegs and midlegs up and down, or forward and backward, is also influenced by the ovipositor length.     

哺乳犊牛的消化特点与蛋白质需要

本文从犊牛的消化生理特点出发,综述了犊牛出生后的生理特征及蛋白质、必需氨基酸的需要量,并对代乳品中蛋白质原料进行了论述。     

潜叶蝇在大庆市日光温室蔬菜上的发生与为害

对潜叶蝇在北方节能日光温室蔬菜上的发生和为害进行调查研究。结果表明,3～11月潜叶蝇在日光温室蔬菜上均有发生,其中5月中旬～6月中旬、9月下旬～10月中旬是为害高峰期;一日中9:00～11:00、13:00～15:00是潜叶蝇成虫为害高峰期;3月下旬、6月上中旬潜叶蝇/明显升高。     

Relationship between the intracellular calcium concentration changes and left ventricular hypertrophy and function in the spontaneously hypertensive rats

AIM:To elucidate the relationship between the intracellular calcium concentration changes and left ventricular hypertrophy and function in the spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR).METHODS:Intracellular free calcium concentrations were measured by Fura 2 methodology and left ventricular function quantitated by cardiac catheterization in 20 SHR aged 10, 22, and 34 weeks and 20 age-matched Wistar-kyoto (WKY) rats.RESULTS:(1) The systolic blood pressure(SBP), intracellular calcium concentrations and left ventricular mass / body weight index (LVM/BW) were significantly higher in all three age groups of SHR than the corresponding groups of WKY; (2) Compared with age-matched WKY groups, the peak left ventricular pressure descending rate(-dp／dt_max) decreased while left ventricular relaxation time constant (τ)increased significantly in SHR aged 22 and 34 weeks. The peak left ventricular pressure ascending rate(dp／dt_max) and the left ventricular contractility index were significantly increased only in the 34 weeks SHR; (3) Intracellular calcium concentrations showed a positive correlation with LVM/BW,SBP,-dp／dt_max and τ(r=0.47-0.83,P<0.01)and a negative correlation with dp／dt_max and the left ventricular contractility index (r=-0.46,P<0.05 and r=-0.81, P<0.01).CONCLUSION:Intracellular calcium overload is one of the potential mechanisms in the induction of left ventricular hypertrophy as well as of systolic and diastolic dysfunction.     

Cell proliferation and nestin expression in cortex and SEZ of MCAO rats

AIM:To explore the effect of brain ischemia injury on cell proliferation and nestin expression in cortex and subependymal zone (SEZ).METHODS:Using a local brain ischemia model(MCAO), BrdU positive cells of cortex and subependymal zone (SEZ), also nestin positive cells, were observed by immunohistochemistry.RESULTS:BrdU and nestin positive cells in SEZ of MCAO rats were obviously increased. In cortex, only nestin positive cells were observed.CONCLUSION:Neural stem cells in SEZ and cortex were activated after brain ischemia, it may be related with neural recovery after brain ischemia injury.     

Rat urotensin-II-induced main pulmonary artery contractions are mediated by MAPK

AIM: To investigate rat Urotensin-II(rat U-II)-induced vasoconstriction of rat main pulmonary arteries and the role of mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK). METHODS: The main pulmonary artery was dissected from the male Sprague-Dawley rats and artery ring width was 3-4 mm. Concentration-response curves were generated to rat U-II(0.03 nmol/L-30 nmol/L).Inhibitor of MAPK, PD 98059(0.1 μmol/L-10 μmol/L) were added into the medium after rat U-II(30 nmol/L)induced vasoconstriction had reached plateau to construct the relaxant concentration-response curves and their EC₅₀ and E_max. RESULTS：Rat U-II was a potent vasoconstrictor of isolated rat main pulmonary arteries [EC₅₀=7.95±0.40, E_max=(14.28±6.34)% of the response to 60 mmol/L KCl]; PD 98059 caused concentration-dependent relaxations of rat U-II precontracted arteries [EC₅₀=5.91±0.45, E_max=(81.39±13.65)%]. CONCLUSION: Rat U-II was a potent vasoconstrictor of rat main pulmonary arteries and this response was mediated through MAPK.     

姬松茸与双孢蘑菇不同菌株的RAPD扩增研究

以4个姬松茸菌株和2个双孢蘑菇菌株为材料，用20个随机引物对它们进行RAPD扩增，通过对供试菌株遗传相似系数的估算和系统聚类分析，构建姬松茸和双孢蘑菇遗传相关树状聚类图谱，结果表明，进行RAPD扩增的20个随机引物中，有12个能产生三种带型，当遗传相似系数升至0.8713时，这6个菌株被分为3类，第一类为菌株18和26，第二类为菌株13和12，第三类为菌株33和45。     

莴苣‘红帆’品种下胚轴愈伤组织诱导与植株再生

 莴苣下胚轴愈伤组织诱导时, MS+ 6-BA 0. 5 mg/ L+ 2, 4-D 1 mg/ L+ NAA 0. 1 mg/ L 效果最好,出愈率达94%; 愈伤组织分化为芽时, MS+ 6-BA 1. 0 mg / L+ NAA 0. 05 mg/ L 分化频率最高, 达100% ; 再生苗在1/ 2MS+ NAA 0. 5 mg/ L 中诱导生根成为完整植株。     

Expression of IL-6 mRNA in endometrium with endometriosis

AIM: The purpose of the present study was to explore the relationship between interleukin-6 mRNA expression and endometriosis. METHODS: Using the rat model, IL-6 mRNA expression in the endometrium was examined by RT-PCR. RESULTS: The expression of IL-6 mRNA in control rats did not change at 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks after sham operation (P>0.05), but in model rats it gradually increased at 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks after endometriosis (P<0.01). The expression of IL-6 mRNA in uterine endometrium with endometriosis was lower than in endometriotic tissue, but higher than in endometrium from healthy controls. CONCLUSION: The IL-6 mRNA expression may contribute to the development of endometriosis . The increase in IL-6 mRNA expression may promote the implantation and growth of endometriotic tissue.     

Effects of tetrandrine and fructose-1, 6-diphosphate on the elevated intrasynaptosomal [Ca2+]i induced by excitatory amino acids

AIM: To study the effects of tetrandrine(Tet) and fructose-1, 6-diphosphate(FDP) on the elevated intrasynaptosomal [Ca²⁺]_i induced by excitatory amino acids(EAA). METHODS: A rapid method for preparing synaptosomes was used, and intrasynaptosomal free calcium([Ca²⁺]_i) was measured by using the fluorescent indicator quin-2. RESULTS: L-glutamate(Glu, 100 μmol/L), aspartate(Asp, 100 μmol·L^-1), N-methy1-D-aspartate(100 μmol/L) and Glu(50 μmol/L) plus Asp(50 μmol/L) all elevated intrasynaptosomal [Ca²⁺]_i in a dose-dependent manner. Pretreatment with Tet(10, 30, 60 μmol/L), FDP(15, 30, 75, 150 μmol/L), MK-801(10, 20 μmol/L) and Tet(15, 30 μmol/L) plus FDP(15, 30 μmol/L) all attenuated the increase in intrasynaptosomal [Ca²⁺]_i induced by EAAs mentioned as above in a dose-dependent manner, and the effect of Tet plus FDP was most significant. CONCLUSION: Both Tet and FDP inhibited a rise in intrasynaptosomal [Ca²⁺]_i induced by EAAs, which may be one of mechanisms that Tet and FDP pretect cerebral tissues against ischemia injury.