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21.
The aim of this study was to estimate the emotional response to novelty and to expectation of novelty in young race horses. The novelty in this study was the first training on an automated horse walker at a new training center. To estimate the level of emotionality in horses, the telemetric measurement of heart rate (HR) was used. A hypothesis was developed that expectation of novelty can be as exciting for horses as a novelty test. In this study, 40 horses were studied just before and then during their first walk on an automated horse walker. They were divided into four groups, with 10 horses in each group. These groups were as follows: (1) 1.5-year-old Thoroughbred colts, (2) 1.5-year-old Thoroughbred fillies, (3) 2.5-year-old Purebred Arabian colts, and (4) 2.5-year-old Purebred Arabian fillies. HR was measured at rest before exercise, during handling and moving the horse from the stable, while walking on the automated horse walker for about 20 minutes, while moving the horse from the walker to the stable, and at rest after exercise. HR response to the anticipation of novelty was higher in colts than in fillies, particularly in the group of Thoroughbreds. 相似文献
22.
Pillai RS Bhattacharyya SN Artus CG Zoller T Cougot N Basyuk E Bertrand E Filipowicz W 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,309(5740):1573-1576
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are approximately 21-nucleotide-long RNA molecules regulating gene expression in multicellular eukaryotes. In metazoa, miRNAs act by imperfectly base-pairing with the 3' untranslated region of target messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and repressing protein accumulation by an unknown mechanism. We demonstrate that endogenous let-7 microribonucleoproteins (miRNPs) or the tethering of Argonaute (Ago) proteins to reporter mRNAs in human cells inhibit translation initiation. M(7)G-cap-independent translation is not subject to repression, suggesting that miRNPs interfere with recognition of the cap. Repressed mRNAs, Ago proteins, and miRNAs were all found to accumulate in processing bodies. We propose that localization of mRNAs to these structures is a consequence of translational repression. 相似文献
23.
Przemysław Barłóg Witold Grzebisz Roman Błaszyk 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2017,63(6):856-869
A plant stress is related both to deficiency of a particular nutrient and to inadequate relationships between nutrients. The objective of the study was to assess the sugar beet nutritional status in response to sodium chloride (NaCl) application. Plant sampling was conducted at two early stages of beet growth (7-leaf – BBCH 17, and well-developed rosette – BBCH 43). The white sugar yield (WSY) was used as an evaluation criterion. The data used in this study originate from a set of 20 field experiments, conducted in years with a significant shortage of precipitation. Each trial was consisted of control (NPK) and a plot with 50 kg Na ha?1 (NPK+Na). The nutrient concentration approach and the Compositional Nutrient Diagnosis, based on centered log ratios (CND-clr), were used to evaluate sugar beet nutritional status. The effect of sodium (Na) was evaluated within two subsets of fields: NR – without, and R – with a significant increase in WSYs. The CND-clr indices for Na increased, but for K, Ca and Mg decreased along with Na application, irrespective of the growth stage and subset of fields. However, Na application improved relation between nutrients in fields responding to sodium application, especially at BBCH 43. 相似文献
24.
During amperometric measurements of oxygen concentration an electrode itself consumes oxygen. To make sure that oxygen concentration at a soil microsite is not lowered by the measurement itself, but determines the in situ situation, the sensitive tip of the electrode should not be in a static position for a longer time than is necessary to reach equilibrium. If the electrode is moved stepwise through the soil aggregate and is allowed to reach equilibrium at every position, it is possible to measure profiles of oxygen partial pressure distribution from the surface to the center of single soil aggregates. We used a small electromotor attached to a micromanipulator to push the pO2-sensitive microelectrode at a constant speed through the soil aggregate. As an advantage this ‘dynamic’ method needs no man power and gives continuous profiles of oxygen concentration from the surface to the center of the aggregate. 相似文献
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Witold Kędzierski Anna Cywińska Katarzyna Strzelec Sylwester Kowalik 《Animal Science Journal》2014,85(3):313-317
Physical activity and stress both cause an increase in cortisol release ratio. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of saliva samples for the determination of cortisol concentrations indicating the work‐load level in horses during race training. Twelve Purebred Arabian horses aged 3–5 years were studied during the routine training session. After the warm‐up, the horses galloped on the 800 m sand track at a speed of 12.8 m/s. Three saliva samples, and three blood samples were collected from each horse. Both types of samples were taken at rest, immediately after return from the track and after 30 min restitution. The concentrations of blood lactic acid (LA), and cortisol in saliva and plasma samples were measured and analyzed. Blood LA, plasma and salivary cortisol levels increased significantly after exercise (P < 0.05). Salivary cortisol concentration determined 30 min after the exercise correlated significantly with plasma cortisol level obtained immediately after exercise (P < 0.05) as well as measured 30 min after the end of exercise (P < 0.05). The determination of cortisol concentration in saliva samples taken from racehorses 30 min after the end of exercise can be recommended to use in field conditions to estimate the work‐load in racehorses. 相似文献
27.
Yong Ho Park Sang Un Lee Witold A. Ferens Sparrow Samuels William C. Davis Lawrence K. Fox Jong Sam Ahn Keun Seok Seo Byoung Sun Chang Sun Young Hwang Gregory A. Bohach 《Journal of veterinary science (Suw?n-si, Korea)》2006,7(3):233-239
We previously demonstrated that stimulation of bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with staphylococcal enterotoxin C (SEC), led to an inversion of the CD4+:CD8+ T cell ratio and generation of an atypical CD8+ T cell subpopulation expressing CD26. In the present study, we examined T cell apoptosis and proliferation profiles of PBMC subpopulations in cultures stimulated with SEC. Unlike when stimulated with concanavalin A, nucleic acid synthesis in bovine PBMC cultures stimulated with SEC was low during the first four days but increased greatly on day 5. In contrast, nucleic acid synthesis in human PBMC cultures stimulated with SEC increased continuously. To investigate the mechanism of delayed bovine T cell proliferation, various cell phenotypes were monitored. The inversion of the bovine CD4+:CD8+ T cell ratio in PBMC cultures stimulated by SEC was associated with higher proliferation and lower apoptosis of CD8+ T cells compared to CD4+ T cells. The mRNA levels for interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 were sustained over 4 days but IL-12 mRNA levels dropped to background on day 2. These data suggest that SEC induces a prolonged Th-2-biased microenvironment, and together with the inversion of the bovine CD4+:CD8+ T cell ratios in bovine PBMC cultures with SEC, may in part explain the inability of the mammary immune system to establish an effective response to Staphylococcus aureus infections. 相似文献
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29.
Witold A. Ferens Julius Haruna Rowland Cobbold Carolyn J. Hovde 《Journal of veterinary science (Suw?n-si, Korea)》2008,9(4):375-379
Healthy ruminants carry intestinal Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing Escherichia coli (STEC). Stx has antiviral activities in vitro and STEC numbers correlate with reduced early viremia in sheep experimentally infected with bovine leukemia virus (BLV). This study assessed the impact of intestinal STEC on BLV-induced disease for one year post-BLV-challenge. High STEC scores (CFU/g feces × frequency of STEC-positive samples) correlated with good health, whereas poor weight gain, distress, and tumor development occurred only among animals with low STEC scores. STEC carriage was associated with increased percentages of B cells in peripheral blood. 相似文献
30.
Robert L. PAYNE reas LEMME Hiroaki SEKO Yasushi HASHIMOTO Hirokazu FUJISAKI Jerzy KORELESKI Sylwester SWIATKIEWICZ Witold SZCZUREK Horatio ROSTAGNO 《Animal Science Journal》2006,77(4):427-439
Three experiments were conducted to determine and validate the relative bioefficacy of the liquid form of hydroxy analog (liquid MHA‐FA) to that of DL‐methionine (Met) in male broilers. In experiments 1 and 2, 945 and 550 male broilers were fed either a Met‐deficient basal diet, or the basal diet supplemented with four and five equimolar levels of each Met source, respectively. In experiment 3, 1232 male broilers were fed either a Met‐deficient basal diet, or the basal diet with three levels (low, moderate, or high) of liquid MHA‐FA or DL‐Met at 65% of the liquid MHA‐FA level. Growth performance improved in all trials, regardless of the Met source, relative to those broilers fed the basal diet. In experiments 1 and 2, the bioefficacy estimates for liquid MHA‐FA relative to DL‐Met on a product basis were: 50% and 64% for weight gain, 51% and 59% for the feed conversion ratio, and 54% and 48% for breast‐meat yield, respectively. In experiment 3, there were no differences between the DL‐Met or liquid MHA‐FA treatments, and the broilers fed liquid MHA‐FA were 68% as efficient on a product basis as those fed DL‐methionine for weight gain. The results from these three trials indicate that the bioefficacy of liquid MHA‐FA relative to DL‐methionine is 57% on a product basis on average across all criteria tested. 相似文献