Protective effects of oral microencapsulated Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccine prepared by co-spray drying method

The efficacy of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae oral vaccine was investigated in microsphere dosage form. A co-spray drying process was used to apply an encapsulating material, Eudragit L30 D-55, to microspheres containing Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae antigens. The microspheres were generally effective (>93%) with protein release at pH 7.4, but almost none were released at pH 1.2, for 3 hr in an in vitro dissolution test. An SPF-swine model was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the microspheres as an oral vaccine, and the related immune responses. The serum's systemic IgG against M. hyopneumoniae was evoked by ELISA analysis, after a 2nd immunization of all pigs. The vaccinated groups' mean lesion score was significantly lower after the Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae challenge than that of the nonvaccinated/challenged groups (P<0.05). This study strongly suggests that the oral microspheres vaccine prepared by a co-spray drying method can provide effective protection against M. hyopneumoniae infection in pigs.     

In vivo and in vitro comparisons of spray-drying and solvent- evaporation preparation of microencapsulated Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae for use as an orally administered vaccine for pigs

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of an orally administered vaccine of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae that was prepared by spray drying or solvent evaporation. ANIMALS: Thirty 6-week-old, crossbred, specific-pathogen-free (SPF) pigs. PROCEDURE: Pigs were randomly allocated into 5 groups and housed in an SPF facility. Pigs in 2 groups (groups AQ and CAP) were fed M hyopneumoniae enteric-coated vaccine on days 0, 10, and 20. A third group (group IM) received an IM injection of M hyopneumoniae vaccine with aluminium hydroxide as an adjuvant on days 0, 10, and 20. The last 2 groups (non-vaccinated-challenged [NV-C] and nonchallenged [NC]) were fed a sham treatment. All 24 pigs in groups AQ, CAFP IM, and NV-C were challenge exposed with 5 ml of a 10% pneumonic lung suspension administered on day 40 via intubation of the trachea. All pigs were slaughtered and the lungs removed and examined for lesions on day 68. RESULTS: In vitro studies indicated that these 2 microencapsulation techniques formed an effective shell and protected mycoplasmal antigen from gastric acid. Results of inoculation and challenge tests indicated that microencapsulated M hyopneumoniae were sufficiently potent to induce an immune response and provide good protection. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Orally administered microencapsulated M hyopneumoniae vaccines induced an immune response and reduced the severity of lung lesions in challenge-exposed pigs. Results suggest that this novel method can be applied to other antigens, because the spray-drying process yielded an orally administered M hyopneumoniae vaccine that induced a good immune response.     

福建中、东部养殖贝类质量状况调查

2003～2005年对福建中、东部沿海的主要贝类养殖区养殖贝类进行质量抽检,品种包括菲律宾蛤仔、文蛤、牡蛎、贻贝及缢蛏,检测项目为汞、铅、砷、镉、石油烃等,并对检测结果进行分析讨论,结果表明大部分贝类产品卫生质量状况良好。     

火干扰对兴安落叶松森林土壤微生物群落的影响

以大兴安岭地区兴安落叶松(Larix gmelinii)林土壤微生物为研究对象,采用磷脂脂肪酸(PLFAs)法研究不同火烧强度和火后恢复时间对土壤微生物群落的影响。结果表明:(1)火烧强度、火后恢复时间及它们的交互作用对兴安落叶松林土壤微生物群落生物量和结构均具有显著(P<0.05)影响;(2)随着火烧强度的增大,土壤微生物总PLFAs质量摩尔浓度、细菌PLFAs质量摩尔浓度及其相对丰度、真菌PLFAs质量摩尔浓度、放线菌PLFAs质量摩尔浓度、丛枝菌根真菌PLFAs质量摩尔浓度及其相对丰度、细菌和真菌比值均呈减小趋势,而放线菌和真菌PLFAs相对丰度、革兰氏阳性细菌和阴性细菌比值均呈增大趋势;(3)随着火后恢复时间的延长,土壤微生物总PLFAs质量摩尔浓度,细菌、真菌和丛枝菌根真菌PLFAs质量摩尔浓度在高火烧强度表现出增大的趋势;(4)与对照相比,低火烧强度在部分火后恢复时间内促进了微生物的生长,而中火烧和高火烧强度则抑制了微生物的生长。不同火后恢复时间和火烧强度下的土壤养分的变化是引起土壤微生物群落生物量和结构改变的原因之一,研究火干扰对土壤微生物的影响时,应考虑火烧强度和火后恢复时间的综合作用。     

浙江省遂昌县毛竹雨雪冰冻灾害调查

简述了遂昌县毛竹雨雪冰冻害灾害损失调查的调查方法、结果,对影响灾害程度的主要因子进行了分析,并提出了今后生产建议。     

Oral immunization using formalin-inactivated Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae antigens entrapped in microspheres with aqueous dispersion polymers prepared using a co-spray drying process

Oral-vaccine microspheres based on formalin-inactivated Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 1 (AP-1) antigens and enteric-coated polymers were prepared using a co-spray drying process. We evaluated using this for a peroral vaccine. We measured specific-antibody titers and protection from challenge in mouse and pig models. In mice (24 per group), a subcutaneous aluminum-adjuvant vaccine or oral vaccination with three doses of AQ6-AP microspheres provided similar protection against intranasal challenge with 5 x 10(8) colony-formation units (cfu) of AP-1 bacterial culture broth. Two weeks after four oral vaccinations with 600 mg of AQ6-AP microsphere acetate solution (containing formalin-inactivated AP-1 antigens of 1.0 x 10(10) cfu bacterial broth), pigs (9 per group) were challenged intranasally with 1 ml of AP-1 bacterial culture broth (5 x 10(9) cfu). The clinical signs, percentage of pig survival ratio, lung lesion areas, and microscopic examinations indicated that the oral AQ6-AP vaccine provided more protection than vaccinating pigs intramuscularly with AP-1 aluminum vaccine.     

Immunolocalization of nerve growth factor (NGF) and its receptors (TrkA and p75LNGFR) in the reproductive organs of Shiba goats

The objective of this study was to determine the immunolocalization of NGF and its receptors (TrkA and p75LNGFR) in the reproductive tract of the Japanese Shiba goats. Five adult goats were used in this study and sections of ovaries, uteri and oviducts were immunostained by the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method (ABC). The results showed that NGF and its receptors (TrkA and p75LNGFR) were expressed in granulosa cells, theca cells, interstitial cells and lutein cells in ovaries. Immunoreactions for NGF, TrkA and p75LNGFR were also detectable in epithelial cells and muscle cells of the ampulla and isthmus of the oviduct, and in epithelial cells and uterine glands of the uterus. These results strongly suggest autocrine and paracrine regulation of reproductive function by NGF in the reproductive tract of female Shiba goats.     

福建水稻科研进步与贡献

稻米是福建人民的主粮,稻作科技进步与稻米生产发展息息相关。历史证明,稻作科技进步在推动稻作生产水平从一个台阶登上另一个台阶起着决定性作用,由于稻作科技不断进步,稻米产量逐年提高,它对保持福建经济发展、社会稳定发挥了巨大作用。当前,以认真贯彻“自主创新,重点跨越,支。撑发展。引领未来”的新时期国家科技方针,坚持以自主创新为主题,以服务“三农”、推动和引领农村经济社会发展为宗旨。以改革创新为动力,要求发展“优质、高产、高效”农业的形势下,回顾历史,探讨和把握科技发展趋势,确定研究方向,保持稻作科技、稻米生产与经济发展的要求相适应,有着迫切的现实意义和深远影响。     

营养液浓度及pH值对山葵生长及光合速率的影响

 探讨了0.5、1.0、1.5 倍日本园试营养液3 种浓度(以清水为对照) 和5.4、6.0、6.6、7.2 等4 种pH 值对山葵生长和光合速率的影响。结果表明, 在营养液1.0 倍和pH 6.0 条件下, 山葵平均根茎鲜质量为42.75 g , 且叶绿素含量和净光合速率显著高于其它处理。