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91.
本文基于国内外油气管道完整性管理(PIM)成果的基础,从数据收集和研究、高后果区分析、完整性评估、管道检测与执行、管道维护修复、效能分析等方面进行具体PIM描述,从体系文件、标准规范、系统平台、支持技术、实施应用五个层面构建PIM管理体系框架。 相似文献
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Mingshi Li Chengquan Huang Wenjuan Shen Xinyu Ren Yingying Lv Jingrui Wang Zhiliang Zhu 《林业研究》2016,27(6):1329-1341
Forest losses or gains have long been recognized as critical processes modulating the carbon flux between the biosphere and the atmosphere. Timely, accurate and spatially explicit information on forest disturbance and recovery history is required for assessing the effectiveness of existing forest management. The major objectives of our research focused on testing the mapping efficacy of the vegetation change tracker (VCT) model over a forested area in China. We used a new version of VCT algorithm built upon the Landsat time series stacks (LTSS). The LTSS consisted of yearly image acquisitions to map forest disturbance history from 1987 to 2011 over the Ning-Zhen Mountains, Jiangsu Province of east China. The LTSS consisted of TM and ETM+ scenes with different projections due to distinct data sources (Beijing remote sensing ground station and the USGS EROS Center). The validation results of the disturbance year maps showed that most spatial agreement measures ranged from 70 to 86 %, comparable with the VCT accuracies reported for many places in USA. Very low accuracies were identified in 1995 (38.3 %) and 1992 (56.2 %) in the current analysis. These resulted from the insensitivity of the VCT algorithm to detect low intensity disturbances and also from the mis-registration errors of the image pairs. Major forest disturbance types existing in our study area were identified as agricultural expansion (39.8 %), urbanization (24.9 %), forest management practice (19.3 %), and mining (12.8 %). In general, there was a gradual decreasing trend in forest cover throughout this region, caused principally by China’s economic, demographic, environmental and political policies and decisions, as well as some weather events. While VCT has largely been used to assess long term changes and trends in the USA, it has great potential for assessing landscape level change elsewhere throughout the world. 相似文献
95.
农村失独父母是我国计划生育政策实施以来产生的一个特殊弱势群体。由于农村社会经济发展的特殊性,处于失独困境的家庭亟待政府和社会的更多关注和支持。农村失独家庭面临家庭关系紧张、精神承受重压、经济水平落后、生活缺乏照顾、养老医疗困顿、人际关系贫瘠等难题。为了化解上述难题,必须尽可能发挥政府和社会的保障支持功能。基于生态系统理论,需要通过多主体协同,从宏观、外层、中层、微观四个层次构建对于农村失独家庭的社会保障、社会支持体系,形成为农村失独家庭服务的系统性支持保障网络。 相似文献
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Siwei Shi Qingzhong Zhang Yilai Lou Zhangliu Du Qian Wang Ning Hu Yidong Wang Anna Gunina Jiqing Song 《Soil Use and Management》2021,37(1):95-103
Biochar addition can expand soil organic carbon (SOC) stock and has potential ability in mitigating climate change. Also, some incubation experiments have shown that biochar can increase soil inorganic carbon (SIC) contents. However, there is no direct evidence for this from the field experiment. In order to make up the sparseness of available data resulting from the long‐term effect of biochar amendment on soil carbon fractions, here we detected the contents and stocks of the bulk SIC and SOC fractions based on a 10‐year field experiment of consecutive biochar application in Shandong Province, China. There are three biochar treatments as no‐biochar (control), and biochar application at 4.5 Mg ha?1 year?1 (B4.5) and 9.0 Mg ha?1 year?1 (B9.0), respectively. The results showed that biochar application significantly enhanced SIC content (3.2%–24.3%), >53 μm particulate organic carbon content (POC, 38.2%–166.2%) and total soil organic carbon content (15.8%–82.2%), compared with the no‐biochar control. However, <53 μm silt–clay‐associated organic carbon (SCOC) content was significantly decreased (14%–27%) under the B9.0 treatment. Our study provides the direct field evidence that SIC contributed to carbon sequestration after the biochar application, and indicates that the applied biochar was allocated mainly in POC fraction. Further, the decreased SCOC and increased microbial biomass carbon contents observed in field suggest that the biochar application might exert a positive priming effect on native soil organic carbon. 相似文献
97.
The effects of ammonia and nitrite on vigour, survival rate, moulting rate of zoea of blue swimming crab, Portunus pelagicus, were studied. A total of five nitrite-N treatments (26.67, 53.34, 106.68, 213.36, 426.72 mg/l) and a control (no nitrite-N added) were
set up for the acute nitrite-N toxicity experiment; a total of five ammonia-N treatments (8.43, 16.86, 33.72, 67.44, 134.88 mg/l)
and a control (no ammonia-N added) were set up for the acute ammonia-N toxicity experiment. The results showed that the vigour,
survival rate and moulting rate of zoea of the blue swimming crabs exposed to over 53.34 mg/l were significantly different
(P < 0.05) from the control group. The zoea LC50 values (mg/l) of nitrite-N were 179.47, 76.56, 66.70, 37.49, 25.01, 25.35, 25.34 mg/l for 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84, 96 h, respectively.
The vigour, survival rate and moulting rate of zoea of the blue swimming crabs exposed to over 16.86 mg/l were significantly
different (P < 0.05) from the control group. The zoea LC50 values (mg/l) of ammonia-N were 51.04, 39.62, 38.72, 24.43, 16.90, 13.42, 11.16 mg/l for 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84, 96 h, respectively.
The zoeae are highly sensitive to ammonia and nitrite, and the toxicity of ammonia and nitrite on Portunus pelagicus decrease with development of this crab. 相似文献
98.
一.引言在新疆农业垦区,多民族杂居、多元文化并存。自西汉至清末,历代王朝出于戍边和维护地方治安的考虑,均非常重视在西域屯田。新疆生产建设兵团进驻新疆后,大力发展屯垦经济,进一步增强了汉民族农耕文化在新疆地区的吸纳力和包容力。 相似文献
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