浓缩风能装置内部流场仿真分析

浓缩风能装置是浓缩风能型风力发电机组的主要部件之一,其结构直接影响机组输出功率的大小。为了提高浓缩风能装置的浓缩效率,以浓缩风能装置为研究对象,应用三维建模软件与CFD(computational fluid dynamics)软件建立了几何模型与网格模型。基于上述模型,提出应用数值模拟方法对浓缩风能装置内部流场进行仿真分析,并通过比较分析不同湍流模型下的内部流场特性,得知标准κ-ω湍流模型更加适用于浓缩风能装置内部流场仿真。基于上述浓缩风能装置模型和湍流模型,分别对不同尺寸参数的浓缩风能装置内部流场特性进行仿真分析,得到了扩散角对浓缩风能装置内部流场特性的影响比收缩角、中央圆筒长度的影响大的规律,此规律为浓缩风能装置结构优化与设计提供了依据,优化后的结构能明显提高风能品质和风电机组输出功率。     

Effects of adding sucrose on Penaeus monodon (Fabricius, 1798) growth performance and water quality in a biofloc system

A 60‐day indoor growth trial was conducted to study the effects of biofloc on the growth performance of a Penaeus monodon (Fabricius, 1798), water quality and biological indicators including biofloc volume, chlorophyll‐a, heterotrophic bacteria and Bacillus quantity. Two concentrations of sucrose (0 and 75%) were added daily to the P. monodon culture systems (2.94 ± 0.11 g), which were conducted indoors in fibre‐glass tanks (500 L). Results showed that the final body weight and weight gain of the adding 75% sucrose group were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that of the control, as well as significantly (P < 0.05) improved specific growth rates and survival rates, and reduced feed coefficient. Adding 75% sucrose promoted heterotrophic bacteria, Bacillus and phytoplankton reproduction, and significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the concentration of ammonia‐N (NH₄‐N), nitrite‐N (NO₂‐N) and nitrate‐N (NO₃‐N). The changes of water quality indicators in the two groups showed the similar trend at the end of the experiment, and the ammonia‐N, nitrite‐N, nitrate‐N and phosphate‐P concentrations in the 75% sucrose group were significantly (P < 0.05) lower than those of the control group, Chlorophyll‐a concentrations peaked at 389.12 μg/L in the biofloc sucrose group at 18:00 h, and heterotrophic bacteria peaked 8 h after sucrose was added. The addition of sucrose also reduced the pH of the water. Our research showed that adding sucrose promoted biofloc formation and shortened the formation time; increased the number of heterotrophic bacteria and algae which might play a role in improving water quality by assimilating ammonia‐N and other harmful substances in the water; supplemented food for P monodon growth; and reduced the feed coefficient.     

甲苯侧链催化氯化产物分布的研究

研究了催化氯化的产物分布，试验了有关条件对产物分布的影响。结果表明：氯化程度是产物分布的主要影响因素；温度的提高，有利于苄叉二氯和苄川三氯的生成；铁离子、低温及水会导致环上的氯化；水引起水解的发生。     

大流量电液控制阀设计与试验

设计了一种大流量电液控制阀,采用压差反馈取代常用的位移反馈,为二级阀闭环提供了一种新方法并降低了成本;采用椭圆油口降低了阀芯长度与质量,有利于提高系统频响。建立了电液控制阀系统的数学模型并进行了仿真分析,结果表明采用矩形窗口与三角形窗口组合的复合节流窗口的设计可同时满足大流量时的快速性与小流量时的稳定性要求,电液控制阀最大流量为417 L/min,在±50%输入信号下频响为73 Hz。研制了试验样机并成功应用于液压软管脉冲试验系统,系统在不同负载下的水锤波响应进一步验证了所设计大流量电液控制阀应用的广泛性。     

参与式社区管理技术在湖北省自然保护区管理中的应用——以湖北后河国家级自然保护区为例

参与式社区管理是一种全新的自然保护区管理模式,是目前国际上较先进的自然保护区社区管理技术。本文以湖北后河国家级自然保护区为例,应用参与式社区管理技术,选择了后河自然村和水滩头自然村等综合示范村和能源示范村,组建了社区共管县级领导小组和综合示范村的村级共管委员会等社区共管协调机构,编制综合示范村的社区资源管理计划,建立和使用社区保护基金,开展社区共管和社区保护教育活动,监测与评估等,增强了社区居民的生物多样性保护意识,提高了社区居民的生产生活水平,初步实现了生物多样性保护与社区发展的共赢局面,并为湖北省自然保护区的社区发展提供了新的管理模式。     

CpG-ODN enhances mammary gland defense during mastitis induced by Escherichia coli infection in goats

Seven healthy native goats in early lactation, weighing 30–40 kg, were used in this study. The right mammary gland of the seven does were infused with CpG-ODN at a dosage of 100 μg kg⁻¹ body weight on the day 5 postpartum (PP). The left glands were used as controls and infused with sterile phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). On day 8 PP, the same dosage of CpG-ODN or PBS was again infused. On day 9 PP, the mammary glands (both right and left) of the seven does were infused with 6 × 10⁶ colony-forming units (CFU) Escherichia coli and, at 0, 8, 16, 24, 48 and 72 h postinfection (PI), milk samples were collected from all glands. Goats were euthanized at 72 h PI and the mammary tissue harvested. Infusion with 6 × 10⁶ CFU ml⁻¹ E. coli induced acute mastitis. Histopathological evaluations showed that polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) were still present in alveoli at 72 h PI, but PMNs in the CpG-ODN-treated glands has disappeared. Bacteria counts in milk peaked at 16 h PI and CpG-ODN induced a significant decrease in viable bacteria from 16 h PI until the end of the experiment. This study showed that CpG-ODN promoted the expression of its specific receptor (TLR-9 mRNA) in mammary tissue, stimulated IL-6 production, reduced bacteria counts in milk, attenuated the impact of inflammation mediators on cells and significantly shortened the inflammation course. These results suggest that the CpG-ODN improved mammary gland defense and, thereby, had a beneficial effects against mastitis caused by E. coli infection in goats.     

油茶扦插育苗两种基质不同配比与成活生长的影响1）

采用黄土、河沙的两种基质5个处理、1个对照、重复3次,进行油茶扦插育苗试验。结果表明：100％河沙为扦插基质的扦插成活率为100％、生根率为82．22％,分别高出100％黄土（对照）15．38％、76．17％;其次是75％河沙＋25％黄土,成活率、生根率分别为95．6％、82．22％,高出100％黄土（对照）的10．50％、76．17％。从扦插成活生根情况分析：100％河沙、75％河沙＋25％黄土和50％河沙＋50％黄土这三种处理的扦插苗根系的平均根长分别为4．41cm、3．42cm、3．97 cm ,明显优于对照。5个处理的扦插平均成活率、平均生根率、平均根系的生长长度木与对照相比均有显著和极显著差异。在油茶扦插育苗过程中,若空气、基质湿度大,基质透气好,扦插成活率高,从本次试验已进一步证明：河沙的基质疏松,扦插成活率高,苗木生根快,且根系发达;纯黄土的基质土质板结,透气性差,不利于扦插成活与苗木的生长。     

耐高压双向椭圆齿轮微小流量计研究

提出了一种基于低偏心率椭圆齿轮转子适用于高压下微小流量计量的双向椭圆齿轮流量计结构,阐述了该种流量计的工作原理,给出了低偏心率椭圆齿轮转子的节曲线及齿廓方程,并设计了样机进行实验研究。实验表明,在31.5 MPa以下,0.05~3 L/min流量范围内的计量精度可达±0.5%,在0.03~3 L/min流量范围内的计量精度可达±1%,具有耐高压、结构简单、精度高、脉动小、可双向计量等优点。     

小型农产品分选机设计与试验

针对家庭农场及小规模营销的需要,设计了基于机器视觉的小型农产品分选机。农产品在平胶带上形成多通道阵列式输送,以DSP作为机器视觉单元的核心,采集一帧图像可分析多个通道,并根据农产品的形状、颜色等图像特征进行分选。在水平输送速度为9.2 cm/s、农产品输送间隔为16 cm、4通道并行输送的条件下,选用核桃、红枣及栗子3种农产品进行了分选机性能测试。试验表明,机器能够可靠工作;核桃、红枣和栗子的分选准确性分别为91.66%、94.79%和97.39%;分选速度达8 800个/h。因此采用DSP芯片作为小型分选机的机器视觉核心是可行的,可以为农产品分选机的小型化、低成本提供技术支持。     

湘西州植烟土壤有机质特征及与土壤养分的相关性研究

为深入了解湘西植烟土壤有机质含量区域特征,对湘西州488个烤烟主产区植烟土壤样品进行化验分析研究。结果表明:湘西州植烟土壤有机质总体上属适宜水平,平均值为2.2%,变幅为0.3%~5.4%,变异系数为39.9%,41.5%样本有机质处于适宜范围内,"缺乏"和"偏低"的植烟土壤样本共占43.5%,"丰富"和"偏高"的植烟土壤样本之和为15.0%,不同植烟土壤类型的有机质含量差异达极显著水平(P=0.000),水稻土黄棕壤黄壤红壤石灰土红灰土,总的来说,从东北部、西部和西南部向州中部及东南方向有机质减少。方差分析结果表明,有随海拔高度的升高而有机质含量增高的趋势,植烟土壤有机质与海拔为显著正相关(P=0.012),土壤有机质含量与全氮、全磷、有效硼的含量呈极显著相关(P值分别为0.0000、0.0098、0.0029),与有效硫、交换性镁、交换性钙含量呈显著相关(P值分别为0.036、0.019、0.042)。