基于改进耦合协调模型的山东省农文旅产业协调发展研究

随着乡村振兴战略的逐步深入,“农业+文创+旅游”的发展模式备受关注,同时文旅部的成立更是极大地推动了区域产业的高质量提升。在此背景下,构建了农文旅3产业融合发展的评价指标体系,并改进传统的耦合协调模型应用到山东省农文旅产业协调发展的实证评价中,从时间维度和空间维度分别对山东省17地市农文旅产业协调发展水平及演进进行研究,并对“两圈四区”格局下不同区域农文旅产业的协调发展情况进行探讨。结果表明:山东省农文旅各产业综合发展态势良好,耦合协调度水平稳步提升;各地市及“两圈四区”各区域农文旅产业耦合协调水平存在较大的差距,但呈缩小趋势,协调发展态势良好。      

先进设计技术在农业装备研究中的应用分析

现代装备企业及其产品的竞争力在很大程度上取决于能否以最快的速度向市场提供满足需求的产品,即是否有先进的设计方法支持科学、高效的研发过程。针对中国农业装备研发整体水平低,以及由于种类繁多和地域差异显著所导致的专业知识、结构形式、实践经验等庞杂,个体设计人员难以全面掌握,无法保证研发质量,严重制约产业发展及自主创新能力的问题,阐述并全面梳理了设计方法的发展历程,从而探讨适合农业装备的先进设计方法与发展方向,以支撑《中国制造2025》等国家重大发展规划对农业装备设定的战略目标的实现。研究表明,结合当前科技水平与社会背景,充分利用3D-CAD虚拟现实的优势与计算机技术的发展成果,基于数字技术的智能化设计是必然趋势,代表了先进设计的发展方向与最高水平。智能化设计以知识重用为特征,以数字模型资源化为基础,以产品数据管理(PDM)平台和产品生命周期管理(PLM)平台为载体,以广义的计算机辅助设计概念组织并贯通与设计相关的上下游方案论证、数字样机(DMU)、工程分析(CAE)、工艺流程(CAPP)等研发环节,实现各类计算机辅助技术CAX的高度集成,是人工智能(AI)在设计领域的实践运用。明确了当前先进设计的发展思路,为装备智能化设计系统的建立提供了基础理论与体系架构,对充分整合行业资源、共享成果与专业知识、提高研发效率和水平、提升中国农业装备企业及其产品的核心竞争力具有理论价值与实践指导意义。     

冗余驱动的三平动并联机构性能分析与优化

提出一种冗余驱动的三平动并联机构。利用李群理论和修正的Grübler-Kutzbach公式对机构的输出自由度进行了分析。建立机构的位置方程,得到位置逆解和正解表达式,分析机构的运动部分解耦特性。推导机构的雅可比矩阵,并进行奇异分析。分析机构的工作空间。采用螺旋理论和虚功原理,建立机构的动力学模型,得到驱动力的优化分配,驱动力理论分析与仿真计算结果最大偏差为0.6%。建立机构的运动学评价指标和动力学评价指标,并研究尺度参数与机构性能间的映射关系。基于性能图谱对机构的尺度参数进行优化,提高其综合性能。     

基于无人机多光谱的耐旱苎麻品种筛选方法

高温干旱是影响作物生长及最终生产力的主要胁迫源。当前,无人机遥感技术已在作物倒伏和病虫害的分级监测研究中取得重大进展,但有关利用无人机遥感进行作物抗旱等级监测的研究却鲜有报道。因此,以苎麻种质资源为研究对象,提出了苎麻抗旱性量化标准,并提供了一种利用无人机多光谱遥感鉴定苎麻种质资源抗旱性的方法。首先,由专家对36份苎麻种质资源进行抗旱性分级;然后,结合无人机多光谱遥感获取的植被指数,采用随机森林(Random forest, RF)、支持向量机(Support vector machine, SVM)、决策树(Decision tree, DT)3种机器学习方法分别构建苎麻抗旱性鉴定模型,并通过苎麻在高温干旱胁迫下的表型响应检验鉴定结果;最后,基于无人机获取的遥感表型,筛选高温干旱胁迫下优质苎麻种质资源。结果表明,利用SVM构建的苎麻抗旱性鉴定模型正确率达到0.74,不同抗旱级分类F1得分范围为0.69～0.79,说明该方法能用于苎麻种质资源抗旱性评估。利用无人机遥感数据反演得到的3项苎麻表型性状(叶绿素相对含量、叶面积指数、株高)均与人工测量值具有较强的相关性,在此基础上,研究从高温...     

A SCAR marker linked to the N gene for resistance to root knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)

The root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are important nematode pests and cause serious diseases in pepper in the world. No molecular markers linked to the nematodes resistance N gene have been reported. In this paper, ‘Carolina Wonder’ (Capsicum annuum L.), a sweet pepper line resistant to root-knot nematode with N gene, ‘20080-5-29’ (C. annuum L.), an inbred line susceptible to root-knot nematode with good horticultural characteristics, and their F₂ progeny with 320 individuals were used as materials. Evaluation of resistance and susceptibility of parental lines, F₁ and F₂ progeny inoculated with root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne incognita) were carried out. ‘Bulked segregant analysis’ method was used to search for polymorphic markers from 512 pairs of AFLP primers. Based on the assessment of resistance and susceptibility and polymorphism of the AFLP marker in F₂ population, the genetic linkage distance between the AFLP marker and the N gene was estimated. One AFLP marker E39/M41-339 was obtained and transferred to a SCAR marker amplifying a 315 bp DNA fragment linked to the N resistant allele and a 331 bp fragment linked to the N⁺ susceptible allele. The distance between the molecular marker and the nematodes resistance N gene is 6.3 cM. This research delivered a valuable tool for the marker assisted selection of nematodes resistance in pepper.     

银杏锰型超氧化物歧化酶GbMnSOD基因的克隆与表达

利用RACE技术首次从银杏中克隆到锰型超氧化物歧化酶基因(GbMnSOD ) 的cDNA全长。GbMnSOD的cDNA全长965 bp (GenBank accession number: EF633506) 。生物信息学分析GbMnSOD cDNA序列含有一个681 bp最大读码框, 编码一个226氨基酸多肽链, 通过软件预测分子量为2515 kD, 等电点为8197。三维结构预测结果显示, GbMnSOD 含有12个α螺旋和3 个β折叠构成一个篮子状的活性中心。GbMnSOD氨基酸序列与其它植物MnSOD具有很高的相似性。进化树分析结果表明GbMnSOD和其他物种的MnSOD源自于相同的祖先。Southern杂交显示, GbMnSOD属于一个小的多基因家族。Northern 杂交表明GbMnSOD在银杏的根、茎、叶和果中都有表达, 在叶中的表达量最高, GbMnSOD 的转录受到ABA、IAA、蔗糖、甘露醇、NaCl 和低温的诱导。     

优质抗寒、抗病酿造葡萄新品种‘北红’

 ‘北红’葡萄新品种由‘玫瑰香’与‘山葡萄’杂交育成。浆果在北京地区9月底成熟。果粒圆形,蓝黑色,果粒质量1.57g,果穗质量160.0 g,浆果可溶性固形物含量23.8 %～ 27.0 %,含酸量0.89～1.26 %。早果性及丰产性强。抗寒、抗病能力特强。酿成的酒深宝石红色,酒体平衡,酒质上等。     

Role of GPR40 mediates the effects of FFAs on lipoapoptosis in mouse β-cell line NIT-1

AIM: To evaluate the role of G protein-coupled receptor 40 (GPR40) mediates the effects of free fatty acids (FFAs) on lipoapoptosis in mouse β-cell line NIT-1 and the mechanisms involved in this process.METHODS: NIT-1 cells were supplemented with palmitate (500 μmol/L) or oleate (500 μmol/L) for 48 h, then apoptosis of the cells was determined by the methods of Hoechst 33342, TUNEL and flow cytometry (Annexin V/PI). The small interfering RNA technique was used to inhibit the expression of GPR40 in NIT-1 cell. The mock, control siRNA and GPR40 siRNA transfected cells were either supplemented with palmitate (500 μmol/L) or co-incubated with palmitate and oleate (500 μmol/L for each) for 48 h. The percentages of apoptotic cells were quantified. The expression of p-c-Jun, Bcl-2 and Bax were detected by Western blotting.RESULTS: Palmitate induced β cell lipoapoptosis, whereas oleate inhibited NIT-1 cells from palmitate-induced lipoapoptosis. No significant difference of the percentages of apoptotic cells was indicated among the mock, control siRNA and GPR40 siRNA transfected cells treated with palmitate (P>0.05). However, after co-incubated with palmitate and oleate (500 μmol/L for each) for 48 h, the percentage of apoptotic cells in GPR40 siRNA transfected cells was greater than that in mock (P<0.05), while the expression of p-c-Jun was decreased. The expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax were not affected.CONCLUSION: Palmitate induced β cell lipoapoptosis might not be mediated through GPR40, whereas oleate inhibits NIT-1 cells from palmitate-induced lipoapoptosis, which is mediated at least in part through GPR40, the change of c-Jun expression may play an role in this process, suggesting that GPR40 might be implicated in the control of β cell mass plasticity and GPR40 probably provides a link between obesity and type 2 diabetes.     

Effects of salvianolic acid B on neurons during oxygen/glucose deprivation and reintroduction

AIM: To observe the damage induced in the primary cultured rat cortical neurons by oxygen/glucose deprivation and reintroduction, and to investigate the neuroprotective mechanism of salvianolic acid B (SalB). METHODS: Primary cultured rat cortical neurons were randomly divided into the control group, the model group and the SalB group. The cell model was established by oxygen/glucose deprivation for 3 h followed oxygen/glucose reintroduction for 24 h. The cortical neurons viability was determined by MTT assay. The leakage rate of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was measured by chromatometry. The mitochondrial membrane potentials (MMP) and the apoptosis rate were quantitatively analyzed by flow cytometry. The cytosolic free calcium was assessed using LSCM. The morphologic changes of neuronal nuclei were observed by Hoechst 33342 fluorescence staining. RESULTS: Compared to the model group, the cortical neurons viability, the survival rate and the fluorescence value of MMP in the SalB group were obviously increased (P<0.05,P<0.01). In addition, in the SalB group, the leakage rate of LDH, the fluorescence intensity of cytosolic free calcium and the apoptosis rate were significantly lower than those in the model group (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: The neuroprotective mechanism of SalB in the oxygen/glucose deprivation and reintroduction neurons would be due to the fact that SalB maintains the MMP and the calcium homeostasis.