硝酸磷肥在双膜小拱棚西瓜上的应用效果研究

从2011年3-7月布置在双膜小拱棚西瓜上的肥料试验。试验结果表明,硝磷肥比等养分氮磷复(混)合肥增产7.8%～8.2%,增加纯收益366.60～395.60元,同时可以提高西瓜品质。肥效表现均一稳定,经济效益较高。     

有机黄瓜生产中霜霉病的防控技术

根据防治黄瓜霜霉病的实践经验,系统总结有机黄瓜霜霉病综合防控技术,解决有机黄瓜生产中遇到的首要问题,助推有机农业的健康发展。     

A comparison of aggressiveness and deoxynivalenol production between Canadian <Emphasis Type="Italic">Fusarium graminearum</Emphasis> isolates with 3-acetyl and 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol chemotypes in field-grown spring wheat

Twenty four isolates of Fusarium graminearum, half of which were 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3-ADON) and half 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15-ADON) chemotypes, were tested for their ability to produce deoxynivalenol and to cause Fusarium head blight (FHB) in spring wheat cultivars. The objectives of this study were to determine (1) whether 3-ADON isolates differ in aggressiveness, as measured by the FHB index, and DON production from 15-ADON isolates under field conditions, and (2) whether the performance of resistant host cultivars was stable across isolates. Field tests of all isolates were conducted with three replicates at each of two locations in Canada and Germany in 2008 with three host genotypes differing in FHB resistance level. The resistant host genotype showed resistance regardless of the chemotype or location. The differences between mean FHB indices of 3-ADON and 15-ADON isolates were not significant for any wheat genotype. In contrast, average DON production by the 3-ADON isolates (10.44 mg kg⁻¹) was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than for the 15-ADON isolates (6.95 mg kg⁻¹) at three of the four locations where moderately resistant lines were tested, and at both locations where susceptible lines were evaluated. These results indicate that 3-ADON isolates could pose a greater risk to food safety. However, as the mean aggressiveness and DON production of 3-ADON and 15-ADON chemotypes was similar on highly resistant lines, breeding and use of highly resistant lines is still the most effective measure of reducing the risks associated with DON in wheat.     

杨属( Populus)黑杨组(Aigeiros)种(品种)间核型比较

 对杨属黑杨组(Aigeiros) 的15个种(品种) 核型进行了分析, 结果如下: 箭杆杨( Populusnigra var. thevestina) , 2n = 38 = 3M + 29m + 5 sm + 1 st; 盖杨( P. del.cv. ×Lux ×P.×canadensis cv. Shanhaiguanensis) , 2n = 38 = 2M + 27m + 4 sm + 5 st (4SAT) ; 欧美杨107 (P1 ×euram ericana cv. ‘74 /76’) , 2n = 38 = 1M + 29m (1SAT ) + 5 sm + 3 st (3SAT) ; 欧美杨13 ( P. ×euramericana CL 13) , 2n = 38 = 3M + 23m + 6 sm + 3 st (1SAT ) + 3 t (3SAT) ; 加杨( P. ×canadensis Moench) , 2n = 38 = 1M + 27m + 6 sm + 4 st ( 4SAT) ; 辽杨×美洲黑杨(P.maximowiczii Henry ×P.deltoids Bartr. ) , 2n = 38 = 1M + 24m + 9 sm (2SAT ) + 4 st; 中尚8号( P. ×Zhongshangnensis) , 2n = 38 = 4M + 27m (1SAT ) + 2 sm + 3 st (2SAT ) + 2 t; 北京杨( P. ×beijingensis) , 2n = 38 = 3M + 28m + 3 sm + 4 st (2SAT) ; 鲁山杨( P. ×Liaoningensis) , 2n = 38 = 1M + 27m + 3 sm + 6 st (1SAT ) + 1 t (1SAT) ; 廊坊1号( P. CL ‘Langfang 1’) , 2n = 38 = 3M + 28m + 3 sm + 4 st (2SAT) ; 圣山杨(盖杨类) (P. ×gaixianesis) , 2n = 38 = 2M + 27m + 4 sm (1SAT ) + 4 st (3SAT ) + 1 t; 抗- 2 〔P. deltoids CL 2 (GMO) 〕, 2n = 38 = 26m + 7 sm (2SAT ) + 4 st (1SAT ) + 1 t (1SAT) ; 群改3号( P. ×Qungainensis 3) , 2n = 38 = 1M + 27m + 8 st (2SAT ) + 2 t (2SAT) ; 中金2号( P. ×Zhongjinnensis 2) , 2n = 38 = 1M + 18m + 13 sm (1SAT ) + 5 st (2SAT) + 1 t (1SAT) ; 辽宁杨( P. ×eur. cv. San Martino ×P. ×canadensis cv. Shanhaiguanensis) , 2n = 38 = 2M + 26m + 6 sm + 4 st。黑杨各种(品种) 核型均为2B型, 种(品种) 间核型差异主要表现在中部着丝点(M、m) 染色体数目(25～32) 和端部着丝点( st、t) 染色体数目变化(1～6) 上, 核型特征为种(品种) 鉴定提供了一定参考。     

猪气喘病的诊断与防制

猪气喘病在冬季多发,对患病猪只进行临床症状、剖检变化观察,结合实验室诊断确诊此病,并总结近百例临床病例,制定了一套行之有效的防制措施供广大养殖户参考。     

Effect of N-acetyl cysteine and glycine supplementation on growth performance,glutathione synthesis,and antioxidative ability of grass carp, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Ctenopharyngodon idella</Emphasis>

An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) and glycine supplementation on growth performance, glutathione (GSH) synthesis, and antioxidative ability of grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella. Four practical diets were formulated: control, control + 0.2% NAC, control + 0.5% glycine, and control + 0.2% NAC + 0.5% glycine. Each diet was randomly assigned to quadruplicate groups of 30 fish (approximately 8.8 g). Weight gain and specific growth rate were significantly increased with the supplementation of NAC. Supplementation of NAC plus glycine significantly increased the feed efficiency. Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and γ-glutamine cysteine synthase (γ-GCS) in plasma were significantly increased with the supplementation of NAC plus glycine. GSH in plasma increased and malondialdehyde (MDA) decreased in fish fed diets supplemented with NAC. Respiratory burst, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activity were not affected by NAC or glycine. These results clearly indicated that NAC improved the growth performance and restored GSH of grass carp, supplemented NAC together with glycine enhanced GSH synthesis, and improved the antioxidative ability of grass carp.     

Dissolution and regeneration behavior of chitosan in 3-methyl-1-(ethylacetyl)imidazolium chloride

3-methyl-1-(ethylacetyl)imidazolium chloride ([EtMIM]Cl), was synthesized for chitosan dissolution, and the dissolution and regeneration behaviors of chitosan in [EtMIM]Cl were thoroughly investigated. The solubility of chitosan in [EtMIM]Cl was measured at temperatures ranging from 40 °C to 110 °C, based on which the thermodynamic parameters of chitosan in [EtMIM]Cl were calculated. The polarizability and hydrogen bond accepting ability was determined by solvatochromic UV/vis spectroscopy. The regenerated chitosan from [EtMIM]Cl by adding methanol was characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Density functional theory (DFT) computations were performed to study the interactions between [EtMIM]Cl and chitobiose. Five kinds of hydrogen bonds, C-H/O, O-H/O, O-H/Cl, C-H/Cl, N-H/Cl were found, suggesting strong interactions between [EtMIM]Cl and chitobiose. In particular, the oxygen atom and the active methylene group of carboxylic ester in [EtMIM]⁺, formed strong hydrogen bonding with chitobiose. The molecular simulation results indicated that both the Cl^? anions and [EtMIM]⁺ cation played important roles in the chitosan dissolution process, by the disruption of native hydrogen bonds of chitosan.     

A preliminary study of water use strategy of desert plants in Dunhuang,China

Water is a restrictive factor for plant growth and ecosystem stability in arid and semiarid areas. The dynamics of water availability in soils and water use by plants are consequently critical to ecosystem functions, e.g. maintaining a high resistance to the changing climate. Plant water use strategies, including water-use efficiency(WUE) and the main water source that a plant species utilizes, play an important role in the evaluation of stability and sustainability of a plantation. The water use strategies of desert plants(Tamarix chinensis, Alhagi sparsifolia, Elaeagnus angustifolia, Sophora alopecuroides, Bassia dasyphylla and Nitraria sphaerocarpa) in three different habitats(saline land, sandy land and Gobi) in Dunhuang(located in the typical arid area of northwestern China) were studied. The stable isotope of oxygen was used to determine the main water source and leaf carbon isotope discrimination was used to estimate the long-term WUE of plant species in the summer of 2010. The results suggest that: 1) the studied desert plants took up soil water below the depth of 80 cm; 2) T. chinensis in the three habitats used deeper soil water and T. chinensis in the Gobi site had higher WUE than those in the saline land and the sandy land. The results indicated that desert plants in Dunhuang depended on stable water source and maintained high WUE to survive in water limited environments.     

全蚕粉对鹌鹑生长、营养、免疫及内分泌的影响

在日粮中添加 1 g· kg- 1 全蚕粉对鹌鹑的试验结果表明 :1饲喂 1 0、1 5、2 1 d后 ,体重分别增加 5 .0 0 %、6.67%和 1 1 .1 2 % ;2饲喂 2 1 d后 ,试验组料重比低于对照组 ;3血清总蛋白、白蛋白含量分别降低 1 2 .76%和 2 0 .84% ,血清葡萄糖、总胆固醇含量及白蛋白 /总蛋白比值差异不显著 ,但血清α-氨基氮含量试验组提高 1 8.84% ;4小肠粘膜麦芽糖酶和蔗糖酶活力分别下降 2 8.5 0 %和 3 8.67% ;5 T淋巴细胞转化率试验组比对照组高 2 0 .87% ;6血清胰岛素样生长因子含量提高 1 2 .1 4% ,生长激素和甲状腺素 T4水平分别提高 3 0 .0 8%和 2 0 .81 % ,T3差异不显著     

Neopestalotiopsis eucalypti,a causal agent of grapevine shoot rot in cutting nurseries in China

Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) is an economically important fruit crop in the world, and China ranks first in the production of grapes with approximately 15% of the world's total yield. However, diseases that cause the death of grapevine shoots pose a severe threat to the production of grapes. In this study, the fungus Neopestalotiopsis eucalypti was identified as a causal pathogen of grapevine shoot rot based on the morphology of conidia and a phylogenetic analysis. The phylogenetic analysis was performed with three isolates based on the combined sequence of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of ribosomal DNA, part of the translation elongation factor 1-alpha (Tef) and the β-tubulin (Tub2) genes. The three isolates were all identified as N. eucalypti. Pathogenicity tests of the three fungal isolates were conducted on grapevines shoots in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that all three fungal isolates caused severe rot lesions on the inoculated grapevine shoots, and N. eucalypti was re-isolated from the inoculated grapevine shoots. Therefore, N. eucalypti was confirmed as a causal agent of the grapevine shoot rot. This is the first report of N. eucalypti causing grapevine shoot disease in China.