一种新型动力电池状态监测系统设计

在整车能量管理和电池管理系统中,电池状态参数监测系统是保证其运行的重要基础。根据锂离子动力电池的基本工作原理和充放电特性,基于Lab VIEW软件和GPIB总线通信方式,并结合相关硬件,设计了一种新型的动力电池状态监测系统。系统实现了对动力电池的电压、电流、实时温度等动态信息的高精度数据采集与分析处理。试验结果表明,设计的监测系统稳定,符合动力电池检测要求,提高了动力电池监测的便捷性和精确度。     

暗纹东方鲀生殖洄游期性腺发育特点及人工繁殖的研究

１９９６～１９９８年,作者从长江下游扬中段采捕暗纹东方鱼屯亲鱼,经暂养促熟处理（微流水刺激、投喂鲜活饵料、不定期注射适量的ＬＨＲＨ－Ａ２）,雌鱼的性腺可发育到Ⅳ期末,对外源激素能引起正常的排卵反应。同时观察了Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ期性腺发育的特点。催产药物为ＬＨＲＨ－Ａ２和ＰＧ,三针注射,雌鱼剂量为３５ｍｇＰＧ＋６０μｇＬＨＲＨ－Ａ２／ｋｇ,雄鱼剂量减半。在水温１８～２２℃的条件下,效应时间为１０～３６小时;在２１～２２℃时,胚胎发育时间为１３９～２１０小时。１９９７～１９９８年的平均受精率为８３４％,平均孵化率为７８０％。     

18种常见灌木绿化树种光合特性及固碳释氧能力分析

采用Li-6400便携式光合仪对广州市区18种常见园林绿化灌木树种的净光合速率日变化进行测定,估测其日净固碳释氧量;以日净固碳量为指标,运用离差平方和对不同灌木树种的固碳释氧能力进行聚类分析。结果表明:不同树种的光合特性有差异,光合速率日变化曲线呈单峰型和双峰型2种类型。大多数植物净光合速率的日最高值出现在上午10:00~12:00,少数植物出现在下午14:00~16:00。不同树种固碳释氧能力也有所差异,其中固碳释氧能力最强的4种灌木分别为马缨丹、假连翘、黄叶榕和红桑,最弱的为棕竹。依据日净固碳量将灌木树种聚为3类,日净固碳量高的如马缨丹、假连翘、黄叶榕、红桑[固碳量为7~10 g/(m2·d),释氧量为5~7 g/(m2·d)],日净固碳量中等的如叶子花、朱槿、九里香、米仔兰、鹅掌藤、含笑花、狗牙花[(固碳量为5~7 g/(m2·d),释氧量为3~5 g/(m2·d)],日净固碳量低的如朱蕉、变叶木、红背桂花、茉莉花、江边针葵、基及树、棕竹[(固碳量为2~5 g/(m2·d),释氧量为1~3 g/(m2·d)]。本研究将为碳汇林业指导下的园林绿化树种选择提供一定的参考价值。     

天津市不同种植年限蔬菜地土壤物理性质分析

为了解不同种植年限蔬菜地土壤结构的变化,对天津市辛口镇蔬菜种植区种植5年、10年及15年以上的土壤物理性质及土壤水分参数进行比较分析.结果表明:随着种植年限延长,蔬菜地土壤呈逐渐酸化的趋势,蔬菜地土壤的容重变大,土壤结构性变差;随着种植年限的延长,蔬菜地土壤饱和含水量、田间持水量、有效水含量及萎蔫含水量呈现不同程度的下...     

利用CRISPR/Cas9敲除OsNramp5基因创制低镉籼稻

【目的】为了尝试快速培育低镉籼稻，【方法】选取广泛应用的杂交水稻亲本华占和五丰B以及常规品种五山丝苗和中早35为材料，通过CRISPR/Cas9技术创制OsNramp5基因突变株系，在镉污染及正常土壤中种植并测定突变株系籽粒（糙米）镉含量，其他相关元素含量亦同时在镉污染土壤种植条件下测定，在非镉污染土壤种植条件下考查OsNramp5基因敲除对农艺性状的影响。【结果】成功获得了前述品种的OsNramp5基因敲除株系；非镉污染条件下种植的4个品种OsNramp5基因敲除株系籽粒镉含量低于0.02 mg/kg，平均较野生型降低85.5%；而在镉污染土壤种植时，不同品种OsNramp5基因敲除株系籽粒镉含量低于0.1 mg/kg，平均比野生型降低94.8%；锰含量也降低52.7%，铬含量增加59.5%，铅含量在华占中增加79.1%，而在其他品种中无变化；铜、铁、锌、钙、硒和砷含量（后4种元素只在华占及衍生品系中检测）受影响较小或不受影响；OsNramp5基因敲除株系株高、结实率和千粒重较野生型小幅降低，而有效分蘖略微增加，产量平均减少6.9%。【结论】通过OsNramp5基因敲除，可以显著降低镉积累，但在某些种植条件下，代价为小幅产量损失；通过本研究获得的低镉OsNramp5基因敲除品系在镉污染地区具有较好利用潜力。     

银耳芽孢内源gpd启动子的克隆与功能鉴定

利用反向长距离PCR技术从银耳(Tremellafuciformis)芽孢gpd基因出发克隆上游gpd启动子序列,将预测的gpd启动子片段与多功能纤维素基因(mfc)连接构建表达载体,与潮霉素抗性质粒pBgGl-hph共转化银耳芽孢,对拟共转化子进行酶活发酵试验。结果表明:4轮反向长距离PCR克隆得到了1761bp的上游序列,经预测启动子落在上游1000bp左右区域内,包含两个高分值的起始转录位点,将gpd启动子分成gpd-Tre1(885bp)、gpd-Tre2(708bp)、gpd-Tre3(466bp)3段区域,分别与多功能纤维素基因(mfc)构建表达载体pgTre1-mfc、pgTre2-mfc和pgTre3-mfc。拟共转化子酶活发酵试验结果发现3个表达载体的转化子均能检测到多功能纤维素酶活,转化子T1-2包含gpd-Tre1启动子大片段,整体酶活最高,CMC酶活为14.12U/mL,比出发菌株Tr01提高34.3%,比工程菌株yLes3提高25.7%,木聚糖酶活为34.8U/mL,比Tr01酶活提高26.3%,略低于yLes3。3个启动子片段均具有表达活性,相比之下885bp的大片段gpd启动子表达活性更高。     

诺氟沙星对中国圆田螺氨基比林-N-脱甲基酶活性的影响

在沉积物中均匀加入诺氟沙星,模拟研究了沉积物中诺氟沙星对中国圆田螺不同组织氨基比林-N-脱甲基酶活性的影响。结果表明,诺氟沙星的处理使中国圆田螺各组织中的氨基比林-N-脱甲基酶活性发生了变化,不同和相同含量诺氟沙星对同种或不同组织中氨基比林-N-脱甲基酶的活性的影响不同。总的趋势为:低含量诺氟沙星对肝、肾、胃等组织氨基比林-N-脱甲基酶活性的作用为前期诱导后期抑制;中、高含量诺氟沙星抑制肾、胃等组织氨基比林-N-脱甲基酶活性;诺氟沙星一直抑制卵巢和肌肉组织中氨基比林-N-脱甲基酶的活性。     

Effects of photoperiod and melatonin on nitrogen partitioning and production performance of Inner Mongolia White Cashmere Goats

This study investigated the effect of photoperiod and melatonin (MT) on nitrogen partitioning in Inner Mongolia White Cashmere goats in telogen in order to regulate nitrogen partitioning between the body and the fur, and promote cashmere production. Thirty-six castrated mature goats, with live weights ranging from 23 to 25 kg, were randomly allocated into three groups then exposed to different photoperiods (long daily photoperiod, LDPP; short daily photoperiod, SDPP; natural daily photoperiod, NDPP). In each group, half of the goats were implanted with MT. Total nitrogen sediment (ΔN) was tested with a general digestive and metabolism method. Body nitrogen sediment (N _B ) was measured by isotope dilution technique of tritiated water at the beginning and at the end of the experiment (N _B = BN _end − BN _beg) and fur nitrogen deposited (N _F ) was calculated using the formula N _F = ΔN − N _B . Results showed that: (1) there was a significant difference in N _B and N _F partitioning in different treatments of photoperiod and MT. The N _F partitioning was increased with the shortening of photoperiod and it was higher in the implanted groups than in the non-implanted groups. The minimum and maximum percentages in LDPP and SDPP + MT were (23.6 ± 0.46)% and (36.1 ± 0.79)% respectively. There was a strong interaction between SDPP and implantation of MT; while BN partitioning showed the reverse for photoperiod and implantation of MT; (2) there is an additional cashmere production of (338.83 ± 72) g in SDPP and implanted groups with an average increase of 73.86%. The traits of the newly grown cashmere were all in the range of the textile standard; (3) hormones related to nitrogen partitioning and body composition varied with different treatments: the levels of MT and insulin (INS) increased with the shortening of photoperiod and were higher in the implanted groups than in the non-implanted groups, and there was a strong interaction between SDPP and MT implantation; prolactin, insulin like growth factor 1 and leptin showed the opposite results to MT and INS. This study provides evidence that MT and photoperiod can be used to regulate nitrogen partitioning, modulate cashmere goat body composition and improve cashmere production in practice. The technique can be extended to Inner Mongolia and other cashmere goat raising areas in China. Translated from Journal of China Agricultural University, 2006, 11(1): 22–28 [译自: 中国农业大学学报]