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71.
Selli S Canbas A Varlet V Kelebek H Prost C Serot T 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(1):227-234
The aroma-active compounds of cv. Turkish Kozan orange wine were analyzed by sensory and instrumental analyses. Liquid-liquid extraction with dichloromethane was used for extraction of volatile components. According to sensory analysis, the aromatic extract obtained by liquid-liquid extraction was representative of orange wine odor. A total of 63 compounds were identified and quantified in orange wine. The results of the gas chromatography-olfactometry analysis showed that 35 odorous compounds were detected by the panelists. Of these, 28 aroma-active compounds were identified. Alcohols followed by terpenes and esters were the most abundant aroma-active compounds of the orange wine. Among these compounds, ethyl butanoate (fruity sweet), 3-methyl-1-pentanol (roasty), linalool (floral citrusy), gamma-butyrolactone (cheesy burnt sugar), 3-(methylthio)-propanol (boiled potato, rubber), geraniol (floral citrusy), and 2-phenylethanol (floral rose) were the most important contributors to the aroma of the orange wine because they were perceived by all eight panelists. 相似文献
72.
Pozo-Bayon MA Biais B Rampon V Cayot N Le Bail P 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(15):6640-6647
Flavoring is used in the food industry to reinforce the aroma profile of baked cereal goods. During the processing of such products, interactions between starch and aroma compounds can occur, and this may have an impact on aroma release and perception. In the present study, 20 aroma compounds were tested to establish whether they formed complexes with amylose. The structure of the complexes was determined by wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS). A cocomplexation study proved that several complexing compounds could be present in the same crystalline aggregate. WAXS and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) experiments were performed in a flavored model sponge cake at different steps of processing and showed that aroma compounds might form complexes with amylose in a sponge cake as they can do in simple system containing only amylose. Some of the aroma compounds trapped in the sponge cake were quantified, and their release behavior was followed by headspace analysis. The V-type structure could partly explain aroma retention in the product and the rate of aroma release. 相似文献
73.
Halbmayr E Mathiesen G Nguyen TH Maischberger T Peterbauer CK Eijsink VG Haltrich D 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(12):4710-4719
This work presents the cloning and expression of the genes encoding heterodimeric beta-galactosidases from Lactobacillus reuteri L103, Lactobacillus acidophilus R22, Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1, and Lactobacillus sakei Lb790. These enzymes consist of two subunits of approximately 73 and 35 kDa, which are encoded by two overlapping genes, lacL and lacM, respectively. We have cloned these genes into the lactobacillal expression vectors pSIP403 and pSIP409, which are based on the sakacin P operon of L. sakei ( S?rvig et al. Microbiology 2005, 151, 2439- 2449 ), and expressed them in the host strains L. plantarum WCFS1 and L. sakei Lb790. Results varied considerably, ranging from 2.23 to 61.1 U/mg of beta-galactosidase activity, depending on the origin of the lacLM genes, the host strain, and the expression vector used. Highest expression levels were obtained in a laboratory cultivation of L. plantarum WCFS1 harboring the plasmid pEH3R containing the lacLM gene from L. reuteri L103. These cultivations yielded approximately 23 000 U of beta-galactosidase activity per liter, corresponding to the formation of roughly 100 mg of recombinant protein per liter of fermentation medium, and beta-galactosidase levels amounted to 55% of the total intracellular protein of the host organism. To further verify the suitability of this expression system, recombinant beta-galactosidase from L. reuteri was purified to apparent homogeneity. The properties of the purified enzyme were essentially identical with the properties of purified native beta-galactosidase from L. reuteri L103. The presented results lead the way to efficient overproduction of beta-galactosidase in a food-grade expression system, which is of high interest for applications in food industry. 相似文献
74.
Vincent Marolf Helene Rohrbach Géraldine Bolen Anne-Sophie Van Wijnsberghe Charlotte Sandersen 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2019,46(1):106-115
Objective
To develop a modified ultrasound-guided parasacral approach to the sciatic nerve and compare the effects of a volume of 0.2 mL kg–1 of 0.5% levobupivacaine with an equivalent volume of 0.9% saline injected near the sciatic nerve.Study design
Cadaveric and experimental, blinded, randomized study.Animals
Seven canine cadavers and seven experimental Beagle dogs.Methods
Both sciatic nerves of seven cadavers were identified using a modified in-plane ultrasound-guided approach. Methylene blue solution (0.2 mL) was injected perineurally, and success was evaluated through dissection. The same approach was repeated in seven Beagle dogs sedated with dexmedetomidine (50 μg kg–1) injected intramuscularly (IM). After randomization, 0.2 mL kg–1 of 0.5% levobupivacaine (limb L) and 0.2 mL kg–1 of 0.9% saline (limb C) were injected perineurally on either right or left limb. Block success was determined by sensory deficits every hour for 8 hours after an atipamezole injection (0.2 mg kg–1) IM. Reaction to pinprick (binary score) over the course of the sciatic nerve (four locations) and locomotion were assessed.Results
The overall sciatic nerve block success was 93% in cadavers and 86% in sedated dogs. It was impossible to localize the sciatic nerves in one obese sedated dog. Significant differences between limb L and limb C were observed for pinprick at great trochanter, caudal thigh and lateral tarsal joint (p < 0.0001). Reaction to pinprick was absent in all dogs at great trochanter and caudal thigh up to at least 3 hours on limb L. Locomotion was impaired in all but one dog for 60 (30–210) minutes (median; interquartile range). No complications were observed.Conclusions and clinical relevance
A volume of ≥0.2 mL kg–1 and a concentration of 0.5% levobupivacaine can be recommended when using a modified ultrasound-guided parasacral approach to the sciatic nerve in dogs. 相似文献75.
German AJ Holden S Bissot T Morris PJ Biourge V 《Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery》2008,10(5):452-459
Obesity is one of the most common medical diseases in cats, but there remains little information on success of weight loss regimes in obese client-owned cats. No information currently exists on body composition changes during weight loss in clinical cases. Twelve obese client-owned cats undertook a weight loss programme incorporating a high-protein low fat diet. Body composition was quantified by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, before and after weight loss. Mean (+/-standard deviation) weight loss was 27+/-6.8% of starting weight, and mean rate of weight loss was 0.8+/-0.32% per week. Mean energy allocation during weight loss was 32+/-7.0 kcal/kg target weight. Mean composition of tissue lost was 86:13:1 (fat:lean:bone mineral). The proportion of lean tissue loss was positively associated with overall percentage of weight loss (simple linear regression, r(2)=44.2%, P=0.026). Conventional weight loss programmes produce safe weight loss, but lean tissue loss is an inevitable consequence in cats that lose significant proportions of their starting body weight. 相似文献
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80.
The Polar Sport Tester (Polar Electro OY) is a telemetric heart rate monitor designed for use in humans. Its usefulness as a monitor during training of guide dogs is assessed in this paper. Heart rates from six representative dogs at a similar stage of early training were recorded at 5-s intervals during a 15-20 min work session. The dogs were F1 Labrador Retriever x Golden Retrievers. They were chosen if their behaviour could be clearly categorized by their experienced trainers as either 'calm/non-stress prone' (Type A) or 'excitable/stress prone' (Type B) during work. Verbal recordings were made of environmental cues and behavioural responses in each dog. Variability in heart rate was significantly related to a subject's described temperament. 相似文献