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111.
Orally administered conjugated linoleic acid ameliorates allergic dermatitis induced by repeated applications of oxazolone in mice
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Tomonori Nakanishi Yuzo Tokunaga Masao Yamasaki Laurie Erickson Satoshi Kawahara 《Animal Science Journal》2016,87(12):1554-1561
Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is one of the constituents of animal products with possible health benefits such as anti‐carcinogenic and anti‐obesity effects. In this study, we investigated the immunomodulatory effects of CLA using a mouse model of allergic dermatitis. Mice were orally administered either a CLA mixture containing equal amounts of 9c, 11 t‐CLA and 10 t, 12c‐CLA, or high linoleic acid safflower oil, and allergic dermatitis was induced on the ear by repeated topical applications of oxazolone. Oral administration of the CLA mixture but not the high linoleic safflower oil attenuated the symptoms of allergic dermatitis in both ear weights and clinical scores. This effect was associated with decreased levels of ear interleukin‐4 (IL‐4) and plasma immunoglobulin E. The immunomodulatory effects of the CLA isomers were compared by an in vitro cytokine production assay. The results showed that 9c, 11 t‐CLA, the most predominant isomer in animal products, significantly inhibited IL‐4 and interferon‐γ production from mouse splenocytes with similar potency to 10 t, 12c‐CLA. These findings suggest that CLA, a constituent of animal products, has a potentially beneficial effect for amelioration of allergic dermatitis. 相似文献
112.
Satoru Takanashi Tomonori Nochi Miku Abe Nanami Itaya Megumi Urakawa Katsuyoshi Sato Tao Zhuang Saori Umemura Tomohito Hayashi Yoshio Kiku Haruki Kitazawa Michael T. Rose Kouichi Watanabe Hisashi Aso 《Veterinary research》2015,46(1)
Cyclophilin A (CyPA) was originally discovered in bovine thymocytes as a cytosolic binding protein of the immunosuppressive drug cyclosporine A. Recent studies have revealed that in mice and humans, CyPA is secreted from cells in injured or infected tissues and plays a role in recruiting inflammatory cells in those tissues. Here we found that in cattle abundant level of extracellular CyPA was observed in tissues with inflammation. To aid in investigating the role of extracellular CyPA in cattle, we generated recombinant bovine CyPA (rbCyPA) and tested its biological activity as an inflammatory mediator. When bovine peripheral blood cells were treated with rbCyPA in vitro, we observed that rbCyPA reacts with the membranous surface of granulocytes, monocytes and lymphocytes. Chemotaxis analysis showed that the granulocytes migrate toward rbCyPA and the migration is inhibited by pre-treatment with an anti-bovine CyPA antibody. These results indicate that, as for mice and humans, extracellular CyPA possesses chemotactic activity to recruit inflammatory cells (e.g., granulocytes) in cattle, and could thus be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of inflammation. 相似文献
113.
Estimating water use of a black locust plantation by the thermal dissipation probe method in the semiarid region of Loess Plateau, China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Yi-Long Wang Guo-Bin Liu Tomonori Kume Kyoichi Otsuki Norikazu Yamanaka Sheng Du 《Journal of Forest Research》2010,15(4):241-251
Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) is a major reforestation species in the semiarid region in the Loess Plateau of China. There has been increasing concern about the sustainability of the plantations because of their possible high water-use. This study was, accordingly, undertaken to quantify the stand-scale water use of a middle-aged black locust plantation in the region. The thermal dissipation probe method was applied to 27 trees to measure sap flux densities in an experimental plot during the growing season of 2008. The monoculture stand has a basal area of 23.3 m2 ha?1 and a maximum plant area index (PAI) of 2.89. Sapwood areas were estimated by use of a regressive relationship with the diameter at breast height (DBH) for scaling up of stand transpiration. The results showed that DBH could be a good predictor of sapwood area of individual trees. The diurnal cycles of average sap flux densities differed among DBH classes. Daily transpiration can be predicted from mean daily daytime vapor pressure deficit (VPDm) using a fitted exponential saturation model. Model variables were different among seasons, probably owing to different soil water conditions and leaf phenology. By using the derived model for each month, stand canopy transpiration over the growing season was estimated to be 73.8 mm, with an average daily value of 0.41 mm day?1 and a maximum of 0.89 mm day?1. The relatively small estimates of stand transpiration might be attributed to low PAI and sap wood area of the middle-aged stand. 相似文献
114.
Zannatul Nasrin Misato Yoshikawa Yuki Nakamura Shahanara Begum Satoshi Nakaba Mikiko Uesugi Yuriko Osakabe Tomonori Sonoki Kanna Sato Ryo Funada Yosuke Iimura Yoshihiro Katayama Shinya Kajita 《Journal of Wood Science》2010,56(6):460-469
Laccases play important roles in the development of fruiting bodies and in lignin degradation by basidiomycetes. In this study, we present novel phenotypes of transgenic tobacco plants with a chimeric gene for fungal laccase under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter. At the flowering stage, the transgenic plants that produced recombinant laccase had brownish anthers instead of the greenish anthers of wild-type plants. The brownish anthers exhibited male sterility with a nondehiscent phenotype at varying frequencies. The frequency of nondehiscence depended on the temperature at which plants were cultivated and it was higher at 24°C than at 29°C. The cell wall structures of transgenic anther tissues were almost the same as in the wild type, but the stomium was severely deformed, and abnormal components were apparent in cells of the endothecium and epidermis. Furthermore, the pattern of deposition of flavonoids in the transgenic anther epidermis differed from the wild-type pattern. The expression of laccase also induced other phenotypic changes in the flowers of transgenic plants, namely, increased petal number, fused and petaloid stamens, and doubling of floral organs. These results indicate that the ectopic expression of laccase influences various aspects of flower development. 相似文献
115.
Hiroshi Kuroda Daisuke Takahashi Humio Mitsudera Tomonori Azumaya Takashi Setou 《Fisheries Science》2014,80(2):127-138
We developed a realistic 1/50° high-resolution ocean model capable of resolving submesoscale variability, and performed particle-tracking experiments based on this ocean model to identify elements that significantly affect the transport of the eggs and larvae of the Japanese Pacific walleye pollock Theragra chalcogramma into Funka Bay. The high-resolution model reproduced representative features of the oceanographic conditions of the main spawning area and season. A comparison of particle-tracking experiments performed under the passive transport condition based on high-resolution (1/50°) and low-resolution (1/10°) ocean models showed that high-resolution modeling is essential in order to realistically simulate the transport process. In this regard, however, the vertical motion of particles cannot be explained by the passive transport condition, as it leads to unrealistically deep sinking of particles in the simulation. Turning our attention to feasible non-passive transport conditions, we then incorporated the buoyancy motion of particles and conducted additional experiments that mainly differed in the particle density adopted. We clarified that buoyancy is an important factor in the retention of particles near the sea surface, and that the ratio of the particles that remain in Funka Bay to the number of particles released is sensitive to the vertical motions/positions of the particles, implying that it is necessary to model this vertical motion more accurately by incorporating more realistic biological processes or a statistical distribution into the particle-tracking model. 相似文献
116.
Yoshiyuki IMURA Satoko IGUCHI Kazuhiro TOYODA Yuki ICHINOSE Tomonori SHIRAISHI Tetsuji YAMADA 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2000,66(2):123-127
Regulatory elements in the promoter of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase gene 1 of pea (PSPAL1) in response to nonpathogenic attack were identified by in vivo footprinting analysis. The footprints determined AC-rich sequences, Box-I and Box-II, that were conserved at similar positions
in the phenylpropanoid gene promoters from several plants. To reveal the functions of the AC-rich sequence in nonpathogen-responsiveness,
we constructed Box-I-deletion PSPAL1 promoter (dB-1) with GUS reporter gene and transformed it into tobacco plant. The dB-1 had reduced basal expression and a complete loss of nonpathogen-responsiveness. These results indicate the essentiality of
Box-I for PSPAL1 activation induced by nonpathogenic attack.
Received 27 October 1999/ Accepted in revised form 25 November 1999 相似文献
117.
Tomonori KAMEDA Hideyuki NAKASHIMA Takumi TAKIZAWA Fumihito MIURA Takashi ITO Kinichi NAKASHIMA Takuya IMAMURA 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2021,67(6):369
Post-mitotic neurons do exhibit DNA methylation changes, contrary to the longstanding belief that the epigenetic pattern in terminally differentiated cells is essentially unchanged. While the mechanism and physiological significance of DNA demethylation in neurons have been extensively elucidated, the occurrence of de novo DNA methylation and its impacts have been much less investigated. In the present study, we showed that neuronal activation induces de novo DNA methylation at enhancer regions, which can repress target genes in primary cultured hippocampal neurons. The functional significance of this de novo DNA methylation was underpinned by the demonstration that inhibition of DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) activity decreased neuronal activity-induced excitatory synaptogenesis. Overexpression of WW and C2 domain-containing 1 (Wwc1), a representative target gene of de novo DNA methylation, could phenocopy this DNMT inhibition-induced decrease in synaptogenesis. We found that both DNMT1 and DNMT3a were required for neuronal activity-induced de novo DNA methylation of the Wwc1 enhancer. Taken together, we concluded that neuronal activity-induced de novo DNA methylation that affects gene expression has an impact on neuronal physiology that is comparable to that of DNA demethylation. Since the different requirements of DNMTs for germ cell and embryonic development are known, our findings also have considerable implications for future studies on epigenomics in the field of reproductive biology. 相似文献
118.
Inoue T Nagatomi Y Suga K Uyama A Mochizuki N 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(8):3857-3868
The fates of more than 300 pesticide residues were investigated in the course of beer brewing. Ground malt artificially contaminated with pesticides was brewed via steps such as mashing, boiling, and fermentation. Analytical samples were taken from wort, spent grain, and beer produced at certain key points in the brewing process. The samples were extracted and purified with the QuEChERS (Quick Easy Cheap Effective Rugged and Safe) method and were then analyzed by LC-MS/MS using a multiresidue method. In the results, a majority of pesticides showed a reduction in the unhopped wort and were adsorbed onto the spent grain after mashing. In addition, some pesticides diminished during the boiling and fermentation. This suggests that the reduction was caused mainly by adsorption, pyrolysis, and hydrolysis. After the entire process of brewing, the risks of contaminating beer with pesticides were reduced remarkably, and only a few pesticides remained without being removed or resolved. 相似文献
119.
Effect of forest structure on the spatial variation in soil respiration in a Bornean tropical rainforest 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Ayumi Katayama Tomonori Kume Hikaru Komatsu Mizue Ohashi Michiko Nakagawa Megumi Yamashita Kyoichi Otsuki Masakazu Suzuki Tomoomi Kumagai 《Agricultural and Forest Meteorology》2009,149(10):1666-1673
This study was undertaken to identify critical and practical factors explaining spatial variations in soil respiration and to estimate stand-scale soil respiration in an aseasonal tropical rainforest on Borneo Island. To this aim, we conducted soil respiration measurements at 25 points in a 40 m × 40 m subplot of a 4 ha study plot between 2002 and 2006, and examined the spatial variation in soil respiration averaged over the 4 years in relation to soil, root, and forest structural factors. In addition, we examined the spatial representativeness of soil respiration measured in the subplot using a specific scaling procedure. Consequently, we found significant positive correlation between the soil respiration and forest structural parameters such as the mean diameter at breast height (DBH), total basal area, and maximum DBH within 6 m of the measurement points. The most important factor was the mean DBH within 6 m of the measurement points, which had a significant linear relationship with soil respiration. Using the derived linear regression and an inventory dataset, we estimated the 4 ha plot-scale soil respiration. The 4 ha plot-scale estimation (6.0 μmol m−2 s−1) was nearly identical to the subplot-scale measurements (5.7 μmol m−2 s−1), which were roughly comparable to the nocturnal CO2 fluxes calculated using the eddy covariance technique. In addition, we discuss characteristics of the stand-scale soil respiration at this site by comparing with those of other forests reported in previous literature in terms of the soil C balance. Soil respiration at our site was noticeably greater, relative to the incident litterfall amount, than soil respiration in other tropical and temperate forests probably owing to the larger total belowground C allocation by emergent trees. Overall, this study suggests the arrangement of emergent trees with larger DBH and their belowground C allocation could be primary factors controlling spatial variations in soil respiration in the tropical rainforest. 相似文献
120.
Noriatsu Ozaki Nobuya Takemoto Tomonori Kindaichi 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2010,207(1-4):263-271
Atmospheric and sea sediment concentrations were measured for eight nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (nitro-PAHs) and three unsubstituted PAHs in a suburban area and sea sediments in the Hiroshima Bay watershed area, Japan, from July to December, 2006 (atmospheric particulate matter) and in September and November, 2004 (sea sediments). Atmospheric concentration was higher in winter than summer for both nitro-PAHs and PAHs. Concentrations in sea sediments were less than 10%, and pattern was similar to those of atmospheric particles. Several combustion emission sources were also measured, and the 1-NP/Pyr ratio was compared to environmental values. The ratio of atmospheric and sea sediments were significantly lower than diesel particulate matters. Further, the vehicle emission loading and sea sedimentation loading was evaluated in this watershed area, and from the comparison, the existence of other important sources PAHs were suggested. 相似文献