玉米收获机秸秆放铺机构的运动模拟仿真

研究设计了一种玉米秸秆放铺机构,确定了机构的主要结构参数,阐述了机构的结构组成和工作原理.应用三维设计软件Solidworks对放铺机构进行仿真建模,应用运动仿真分析软件Cosmosmotion 对放铺机构进行了运动仿真分析.结果得出位移-时间曲线,并由此曲线准确提出所设计的放铺机构能够实现的功能以及改进各项功能的方法.     

酪蛋白酶解物对小鼠生长和免疫功能的影响

试验研究了酪蛋白的胃蛋白酶解物对小鼠生长和免疫功能的影响。选用28日龄纯昆明系小白鼠48只,随机分成3组。试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组和对照组分别胃饲酪蛋白酶解物溶液、酪蛋白溶液和生理盐水。胃饲2周后将小鼠采血致死。结果显示,Ⅰ组胃重显著高于Ⅱ组(P<0.05),小肠重显著高于对照组(P<0.05),且体增重、胃蛋白酶活性有增高趋势;但各组胃和小肠组织蛋白含量、小肠乳糖酶、麦芽糖酶活性无显著差异。Ⅰ组胸腺指数和血浆碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活性均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。但各组脾脏指数无显著差异。试验结果表明:酪蛋白酶解物具有促进小鼠胃肠生长,提高小鼠免疫功能的作用。     

基于遗传算法的离心泵叶片水力性能优化

建立了一种基于遗传算法的离心泵叶片型线水力性能优化方法.区别于传统优化方法,此方法通过CFD技术求解离心泵叶片的水力性能,以离心泵水力效率及理论扬程作为优化目标进行多目标优化.包含3个主要步骤: 基于蒙面法和三次B样条曲线的三维叶片型线参数化;基于NUMECA商用软件的计算域网格划分及流场求解;基于多目标遗传算法的全局优化.应用此方法对某单级单吸蜗壳离心泵水力性能进行了多目标优化,优化结果表明离心泵水力效率及理论扬程分别提高了0.35%和0.944%.     

曲纹紫灰蝶生殖行为研究

曲纹紫灰蝶是为害苏铁植物的重要食叶害虫, 研究其繁殖行为和节律, 可为该虫防控策略的制定提供基础资料。本研究在半自然环境条件下观察和分析了曲纹紫灰蝶的羽化、交配和产卵行为及节律。发现曲纹紫灰蝶在5:00－18:59羽化, 9:00－12:59时达到羽化高峰;雄虫主动求偶和交配, 交配行为发生于白天, 交配高峰期为9:00－15:59, 交配时长(82.85±59.76) min, 交配姿势呈“一”字形;雌虫1 d内可多次产卵, 产卵高峰期在8:00－8:59和14:00－15:59 2个时间段, 卵多产于苏铁植物的嫩叶上, 单雌产卵量为10~282粒。     

低比转速离心泵内部流场分析及试验

为了研究低比转速离心泵内部流动特性,对10种不同设计方案的低比转速离心泵进行了数值模拟和性能预测,讨论了叶轮和蜗壳的关键几何参数对内部流场和外特性的影响,分析了不同设计方案下泵内的静压、流线、速度和湍动能等分布,并针对复合式叶轮短叶片的分布位置和蜗壳喉部面积进行了对比试验。试验结果表明,该文优选的方案D,通过增加偏置短叶片后,扬程提高了5.5 m,效率提高了3.23%;增大蜗壳内部和喉部面积后,5种设计方案的额定点扬程均提高了约10 m,效率提高了约5%,且扩大了高效区范围。该研究将为低比转速离心泵的性能     

甘肃高寒牧区藏羊电刺激采精实验

为研究电刺激采精技术能否在甘肃高寒牧区藏系羊繁殖中推广应用,该技术是否对公羊精液品质和采精量有影响,项目课题组在甘肃省天祝县旦马乡进行了牧区藏羊种公羊电刺激采精实验。选择本土选育的欧拉型藏羊种公羊,配种期每日每只采精2次,即：首日（标注为d1）早上采用传统的假阴道采精法采精,下午采用电刺激法采精,次日（标注为d2）早上采用电刺激法采精,下午采用传统的假阴道采精法采精,依次不同采精方法交叉采精,减少误差,连续采精6d,及时检查采精量及精液密度、精子活力等品质。实验结果表明,甘肃天祝牧区藏羊种公羊电刺激采精所得精液量均在0.80 mL～0.96 mL之间,符合藏系羊正常精液量,平均精子活力均在0.80以上,平均精液密度均“中”以上,精液品质符合人工授精精液品质要求,可应用于藏羊繁殖生产实践。     

藏羊电刺激采精和人工授精技术

由于藏羊特殊的品种特性,高海拔严寒地区养殖适应性好,养殖成本相对其他类型羊较低,但自然交配情况下,空怀率高,繁殖率低。为克服藏种羊胆小易惊,调教不易,采精困难等不利因素,我们采用电刺激法促使种公羊被动排精,很大程度上降低了采精难度,提高了采精数量,在母羊集中发情季节,优秀种公羊个体可授配母羊500只以上,同时引进药物诱导母羊同期发情等技术进行人工授精,大大提升了藏羊繁殖性能,加速了我县藏羊引种改良进程,提高藏羊养殖经济效益。     

Development and characterization of a new marine fish cell line from turbot (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Scophthalmus maximus</Emphasis>)

A new marine fish cell line, TK, derived from turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) kidney, was established by the method of trypsin digestion and subcultured for more than 50 passages over a period of 300 days. The TK cells were maintained in Minimum Essential Medium Eagle (MEM) supplemented with HEPES, antibiotics, fetal bovine serum (FBS), 2-Mercaptoethanol (2-Me), and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). The suitable growth temperature for TK cells was 24°C, and microscopically, TK cells were composed of fibroblast-like cells. Chromosome analysis revealed that the TK cell line has a normal diploid karyotype with 2n = 44. Two fish viruses LCDV-C (lymphocystis disease virus from China) and TRBIV (turbot reddish body iridovirus) were used to determine the virus susceptibility of TK cell line. The TK cell line was found to be susceptible to TRBIV, and the infection was confirmed by cytopathic effect (CPE) and transmission electron microscopy, which detected the viral particles in the cytoplasm of virus-infected cells. Finally, significant green fluorescent signals were observed when the TK cells were transfected with pEGFP-N3 vector, indicating its potential utility for fish virus study and genetic manipulation.     

性成熟和个体大小对智利外海茎柔鱼耳石生长的影响

根据2007-2008年智利外海茎柔鱼资源调查期间采集的样本,以耳石最大宽度MW与其总长TSL之比作为表征耳石生长的指标,利用方差分析研究性成熟和个体大小对耳石生长的影响。分析认为,雌性个体的耳石MW/TSL与性腺成熟度存在相关性,性成熟度Ⅰ级与Ⅲ级、Ⅱ级与Ⅲ级个体的耳石MW/TSL存在显著差异(P<0.05);而雄性个体的耳石MW/TSL与性腺成熟度无关。雌性个体的耳石MW/TSL与胴长也存在着相关性,胴长300～400mm的个体与500～600mm和600～700mm、胴长400～500mm与500～600mm和600-700mm的雌性个体,它们耳石MW/TSL差异显著(P<0.05),胴长为400～500mm至500～600mm的个体,其MW/TSL增加迅速,差异极显著(P<0.01)。胴长350～400mm与400～500mm、400～450mm与450～500mm的雄性个体,它们耳石MW/TSL也存在显著差异(P<0.05),胴长400～450mm时的MW/TSL值为最小。研究表明,性成熟和个体大小对智利外海茎柔鱼耳石的生长有影响,但雌雄个体有差别。     

The effects of cyclical temperature changes on growth and physiological status of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Litopenaeus vannamei</Emphasis>

The purpose of this study was to investigate the growth and physiological status of Litopenaeus vannamei subjected to one constant temperature (25°C) and four cyclical temperature change regimes (25 ± 1°C, 25 ± 2°C, 25 ± 3°C and 25 ± 4°C). The growth rates of shrimp at 25 ± 2°C or 25 ± 3°C were significantly higher than that at a constant temperature of 25°C. On the other hand, the growth rate in 25 ± 4°C regime was significantly lower than those in other regimes. The daily feed intake rate of shrimp at 25 ± 4°C was the lowest, and the food conversion efficiency was also significantly lower than those at 25 ± 2°C and 25 ± 3°C, respectively. The food conversion efficiency at 25 ± 2°C or 25 ± 3°C was significantly higher than those in other regimes. Thus, it can be inferred that the growth enhancement in the test shrimp at the suitable diel fluctuating temperatures was due to high food conversion efficiency. Studies of the physiological parameters showed that at 25 ± 4°C, the hemolymph glucose content of the test shrimp was the lowest, while the activity of PK in hepatopancreas was the highest, which indicated that the test shrimp at 25 ± 4°C was in a stressed condition. The hemolymph glucose content of the test shrimp at 25 ± 3°C was the highest, and the activity of HK in hepatopancreas was the lowest. These results indicated that the test shrimps at 25 ± 3°C were not in a stressed condition. Compared with the constant temperature regime, the expression of HSP70 in any of the four cyclical temperature change regimes was not significantly increased. The reason for this might be that the fluctuation amplitude of ± 4°C did not induce the increased expression of HSP70.