基于“一带一路”倡议的中泰渔业协作发展探索

在渔业方面，贯彻落实“一带一路”倡议，实施渔业“走出去，引进来”战略，促进我国水产养殖业和周边国家地区的交流合作，共同推动区域传统渔业向现代渔业转型升级，是现代渔业发展的必然方向。泰国作为“一带一路”之东盟国家，从泰国的渔业资源现状、渔业产业发展、渔业现阶段存在的优势和不足以及中泰渔业协作发展探索等多个方面进行阐述，通过研究泰国渔业现状及探索中泰渔业协作发展之路，提出技术支撑、资源引进、取长补短、共同进步等相对应的策略与建议，为中国-东盟国家在基于“一带一路”倡议的渔业层面战略发展提供样本。      

群井开采对毛乌素沙地地下水位的影响——以榆林市榆阳区昌汗敖包村土地开发项目为例

为探究毛乌素沙地大规模现代化高标准农田地下水开采对地下水位的影响，以榆林市榆阳区昌汗敖包村土地开发项目地下水监测网覆盖区作为研究区，选取分布于研究区的8眼机井进行了为期1年的地下水位埋深动态特征监测。结果表明:在灌溉期间，地下水位埋深呈先减小后增大的趋势；灌溉结束至进入下个灌溉周期之前，地下水位埋深逐渐增大至正常值。因此群井开采并未对项目区地下水位造成实质影响。      

夏季养猪企业关切的繁殖问题调查

当前养猪业进入困难时期，企业运营成本高企。炎热的夏季，种猪繁殖问题较为突出，再加上非洲猪瘟直接或者间接的原因，行业内母猪整体繁殖水平低下。团队近期对53家不同区域、不同规模、不同生产模式的养猪企业进行了调研，发现公猪问题、后备猪问题和哺乳期管理是当前猪场最为关心的3个问题。     

十里香茶离体培养及再生体系研究

为了保护珍贵的十里香茶树资源,掌握利于十里香茶的最优组培条件,本研究对十里香茶组培过程中外植体类型、消毒时间、培养基添加物及培养条件进行了筛选。结果表明,采用轻微木质化的带腋芽茎段经升汞消毒15 min,接种后暗培养5 d,MS+0.2 mg·L^-1 NAA培养基中添加3 mg·L^-1 PVP+2000 mg·L^-1 Vc或者6 mg·L^-1 PVP+3000 mg·L^-1 AC,可在低污染率的前提下将褐化率降为10%左右,一定程度上解决了茶树组培中褐化率高的难题;采用1/8 MS+1 mg·L^-1 IBA培养基有利于外植体生根且增殖迅速。本研究建立了十里香茶的无菌苗离体培养及再生体系,可通过组培手段对其进行大量繁殖。     

围场县马铃薯中典型药物污染特征及健康风险评价

为掌握典型药物在农作物中的污染特征及健康风险,保障农产品质量安全,利用超声萃取-固相萃取-高效液相色谱/串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)技术,对围场县全县马铃薯中5大类(磺胺类、四环素类、氟喹诺酮类、大环内酯类及其他类)25种药物污染水平及富集效果进行了调查,并对健康风险进行了评价。结果表明,有20种目标物被检出,不同目标物检出率差异显著,检出含量范围为0.13～3.67μg·kg-1,单种污染物最高检出含量为17.0μg·kg-1。马铃薯对目标污染物的富集系数范围在0.01～39.6之间,最大富集系数为61.8。畜禽粪便是马铃薯中药物残留的主要来源,尽管整体检出水平和健康风险相对较低,但长期摄入与协同作用引发的潜在健康风险不容忽视。因此,仍需严控污染源头,推进畜禽粪便安全资源化利用,确保农田环境质量及农产品安全品质。     

植物乳杆菌野生质粒分析及其提取方法的优化

乳酸菌质粒提取研究具有很长的历史。目前已有多个有效的乳酸菌质粒提取方法被报道，其中多数以乳酸球菌为研究对象，而植物乳杆菌质粒提取有效方法报道较少。该研究以植物乳杆菌为研究对象，通过对比分析并优化已报道的乳酸菌质粒提取方法，得到了高效且适于平台期植物乳杆菌野生质粒的提取方法。通过该方法进一步分析了植物乳杆菌野生质粒数和高拷贝质粒，为后续构建植物乳杆菌表达系统所需供体质粒和受体菌株提供了重要依据。     

Spatiotemporal patterns of mountain whitefish (Prosopium williamsoni) in response to a restoration of longitudinal connectivity

To examine the role of longitudinal connectivity on the spatial and temporal dynamics of mountain whitefish (Prosopium williamsoni), we quantified movement and population dynamics following installation of the Landsburg Dam fishway, Cedar River, WA, USA. Mountain whitefish is widely distributed, poorly studied and not the focus of restoration. Before the fishway, mountain whitefish were not observed above the dam. Here, we focus on snorkel counts collected at reach and mesohabitat (e.g. pools) scales over 11 summers on the 20‐km above‐dam segment following restoration. A camera within the ladder provided number, size and movement timing, thereby informing on behaviour and recolonisation. Segment‐scale abundance increased following fish passage reaching an asymptote in 7 years, and mountain whitefish were detected throughout the main stem in 10 years. Annual movement through the ladder increased over time and was positively correlated with instream abundance and discharge, but negatively correlated with water temperature. About 60% of fish movements occurred in spring and early summer, potentially for foraging opportunities. Reach‐scale abundance peaked between 7 and 10 km from the dam; deep, cool (~10.6 to 11.6°C) conditions characterised these reaches. At the mesohabitat scale, mountain whitefish detection increased with depth and velocity after accounting for distance from the dam. Our results show how restoring longitudinal connectivity allowed this nontarget species to colonise newly available habitat. Their response supports the critical roles of longitudinal connectivity and environmental conditions, that manifest at different spatial scales, in dictating how freshwater fish respond to habitat disturbance.     

Soil protection for a sustainable future: options for a soil monitoring network for Ireland

The increased recognition of the importance of soil is reflected in the UN Post‐2015 Development Agenda with sustainable development goals that directly and indirectly relate to soil quality and protection. Despite a lack of legally binding legislation for soil protection, the European Commission remains committed to the objective of soil protection. However, the achievement of a legally binding framework for soil protection relies on the implementation of a soil monitoring network (SMN) that can detect changes to soil quality over time. As beneficiaries do not pay for the provision of soil information, the options for soil monitoring are limited. The use of existing data sets should be considered first. Using Ireland as an example, this research explored the opportunities for a SMN for Ireland considering three existing national data sets. The options for a SMN are considered in terms of their spatial and stratified distribution, the parameters to be measured and an economic analysis of the options proposed. This research finds that for Ireland, either a 10 or a 16 km² grid interval stratified by land use and drainage class offers the best potential in relation to the spatial distribution of existing data sets to reflect local data at a national level. With existing data, the stratified SIS data using the 16 km² grid offers the best value for money, with baseline costs for analysis, excluding field costs, of between €706 481 and €2.8 million. Acknowledging the impossibility of measuring all parameters with ideal frequency, this study proposes a two‐tier system for optimized monitoring frequency. Parameters must anticipate future policy requirements. Finally, the implementation of a SMN must be accompanied by standardized methods, defined thresholds and action mandates to maintain soil quality within allowable limits.     

减氮条件下密度对望两优361产量的影响

为探索减氮条件下密度对望两优361产量的影响,2018年在马庙镇进行了该试验。试验结果表明：怀宁县单季稻施肥量应为：N:P:K=13.5:5.4:10.8。在此施肥量的基础上： 1.5万穴/667m_²为最佳移栽密度。