三氯生对红白鲫的急性毒性及遗传毒性研究

研究三氯生对红白鲫的急性毒性和遗传毒性作用,为分析评价三氯生对鱼类的生态安全性提供相应的毒理学资料。试验在规格为58 cm×28 cm×36 cm的玻璃水族箱中进行,红白鲫体长6.8~7.5 cm。采用半静态染毒法,设置不同浓度梯度的三氯生染毒组以及空白对照组和二甲基亚砜溶剂对照组,分别进行为期96 h的急性毒性试验和14 d的遗传毒性试验,观察记录死亡数,统计血红细胞微核率和核异常率。三氯生对红白鲫的96 h LC50为1 111.9μg/L。TCS染毒处理14 d后,红白鲫红细胞核异常的情况明显增多,主要是细胞质中有1~2个微核,其他常见核异常为红细胞核质外凸、核质内凹及核内空泡化;空白对照组和溶剂对照组之间核异常比率无显著差异(P0.05),而三氯生暴露各浓度组(600.0、690.0、793.5μg/L)核异常比率均极显著高于对照组(P0.01),且呈现明显的剂量-效应关系。研究表明,三氯生对红白鲫具有潜在的遗传毒性,且毒性效应在特定条件下随着暴露浓度的增加而增强。     

鲁西南地区减量追肥对蒜套棉生长发育及经济效益的影响

为积极推进棉花减氮增效,实现农业提质增效和保护农田环境。以鲁棉1131、鲁棉37、鲁棉319、聊棉19为试验材料,设置氮磷钾配比肥施用量为0、225、300和375 kg/hm 2共4个处理,研究施肥用量对棉花农艺性状和产量的影响。结果表明:棉花株高随着施肥量的减少而降低;单株结铃数随着施肥量的减少而减少,而单铃重相反;同一品种衣分各处理间无明显差异;各品种随着施肥量的减少籽棉产量先升高后降低,各个品种均在施肥量225 kg/hm 2下达到最大值;霜前花率和籽棉收益也在施肥量225 kg/hm 2下达到最大值;净收益最高的是不施肥处理。综合认为,在鲁西南地区高肥力蒜套棉地块无需对棉花进行追肥,可为鲁西南地区蒜套棉减肥增效提供数据支撑。     

慈溪大粒1号蚕豆大棚标准化生产技术研究

菜用蚕豆既是城乡居民的佳肴,又是出口创汇的主要种类。由于受季节影响,鲜蚕豆供应期主要集中在5月份。根据多年的试验和实践,总结了一套菜用蚕豆慈溪大粒1号品种大棚促成栽培标准化生产技术。采用大棚促成栽培,鲜豆上市可提早20~30d;鲜豆产量达到22,500kg/hm2.,比露地栽培提高40%;病虫害减轻,商品性更好,一般大棚促成栽培经济效益比露地栽培可提高8倍左右。大棚促成栽培,宜选用健壮无病大粒蚕豆播种,播种期可适当提早,一般比露地栽培蚕豆可提早10~20d播种,以促进主茎多分枝,适宜密度为37,500株/hm2;当50%植株形成第一鹰爪荚,且植株复叶出现第7小叶后,择晴天中午打顶。要提早进行蚜虫的防治,加强肥水管理。在蚕豆开花结荚期放蜂授粉,可提高蚕豆的结实率。     

Development of apple superficial scald, soft scald, core flush, and greasiness is reduced by MCP.

1-Methylcyclopropene (MCP) was used to evaluate the role of ethylene in development of apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.) physiological disorders during storage. Granny Smith, Red Chief Delicious, and Fuji apple fruit were treated with MCP at a concentration of 1 microL L(-)(1) for 12 h at 20 degrees C. For all varieties stored at 0 degrees C, ethylene production and respiration rates were reduced for several months following MCP treatment, and firmness and titratable acidity of treated fruit were higher compared to controls. Apples treated with MCP did not develop superficial scald or peel greasiness through 6 months storage plus ripening at 20 degrees C for 7 days. Core flush was not observed in MCP-treated fruit until 6 months after treatment when the incidence was still lower compared to control fruit. MCP delayed the rise in production of alpha-farnesene and reduced accumulation of its oxidation products.     

3种不同基因型扁豆耐盐性的比较

[目的]比较不同基因型扁豆的耐盐性能.[方法]选用品种春扁豆(Ⅰ)(荚为绿色)、绿领红扁豆(荚为紫色)以及超级扁豆(Ⅰ)(荚为绿白色)为试验材料,在种子萌发期间用不同浓度的NaC1溶液进行盐胁迫,采用加权累积隶属函数法综合评定它们的耐盐性能.[结果]3种不同基因型扁豆开始感受盐胁迫的浓度为0.5％ NaCl,随着NaC1溶液浓度增加,其种子萌发和幼苗生长受抑制程度加大,但在同一浓度NaCl溶液处理下,受抑制程度不同.[结论]3种基因型扁豆耐盐性能依次为:春扁豆(Ⅰ)＞绿领红扁豆＞超级扁豆(Ⅰ).     

根圈深度和水分供给对春小麦生育的影响

通过该项研究表明：根圈深度浅的和无灌水区的土壤ＰＦ值高，其值达到２．３～２．６时作为春小麦需水的田间灌溉指标；单位面积根长、表面积、体积和根干重（根密度则相反）、株高、平均分蘖数，平均穗数随根圈深度的增加而增加，奠定了丰产的物质基础。１０和２０ｃｍ浅根区内实施喷灌比无灌水的植株地上部干物重，开花期分别增加９８和９４ｇ／ｍ￣２，收获期分别增加７４和９３ｇ／ｍ￣２，籽实干物重分别增加２９和４４ｇ／ｍ￣２，干物重比率增加１．８％，穗数增加４３个／ｍ￣２，穗粒数增加１．３和０．６粒，千粒重变幅小，约３３ｇ左右，每亩分别增产１３．９％和１６％。但仍以深根区比浅根区内小麦分别增产５７．８％和２９．５％为高。总之，在浅根区实施喷灌或加深耕层，促进根系发达，是旱作区提高春小麦产量的重要途径。     

利用雄性不育两用系配制的辣椒一代杂种‘冀研8号’

 ‘冀研8号’是利用甜椒雄性不育两用系AB91-8为母本，以优良辣椒自交系L16-2为父本配制成的杂交一代辣椒新品种。该品种早熟，果实牛角形，商品性好，单果质量70 g，味辣，抗病毒病，较抗疫病，适宜华北地区春季塑料大拱棚和露地地膜覆盖栽培，产量49．6～63．6 t／hm 。     

四川桂花种质资源研究

对四川地区桂花种质资源进行了系统调查,共记录该地区桂花种质151份,对其现状和分布特征进行了分析,并对其相关观赏性状进行了评价。从而为四川桂花种质资源的保护和合理开发提供依据。     

Ultrastructure of stridulating organ of Xylotrechus rusticus L. (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) and behavioral responses to alarm sounds

We used scanning electron microscope (SEM) to observe the ultrastructure of stridulating organs in Xylotrechus rusticus L. We compared the morphological structure and size of stridulating organs, the numbers of a tooth-like part used in stridulation and its presence in females and males of this beetle. The alarm sound of X. rusticus was recorded first when it was stimulated, then we tested behavioral responses to this alarm sound. The alarm sound of X. rusticus has a warning effect on conspecifics.     

Forest resources variation along with the main rivers in typical forest region of Changbai Mountain

The restoration of the riparian vegetation disturbed by human activities is one of the hotspots of watershed ecology. Through interpreting the images of Remote Sensing in 1985 and 1999, the basic information of forest resources of Lushuhe Forest Bureau, which is a typical forest area of Chanbai Mountain was obtained with support of GIS. By dividing Land covers of Lushuihe area into 10 types (water body, residential land, stump land, farming land, wetland, mature conifer forest, midlife conifer forest, mature broadleaf forest, midlife broadleaf forest, and man-made young forest) and dividing the riparian zone into four buffers (in turn 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000 m away from the river), the changes of riparian forest resources during 1985–1999 were analyzed. The results showed that the deforestation intension has obviously decreased and the whole environment has been evidently improved, but the riparian ecosystem was still flimsy. In buffer 1, 2, 3 the area of midlife conifer forest increased largely, but the areas of other types of land covers all decreased. Midlife conifer forest had a comparatively good status in the three buffers. In buffer 4, midlife conifer forest, mature conifer forest, and mature broadleaf forest formed a forest-age rank that is helpful to stabilize the forest ecosystem and exert its functions. Area percentage of wetland decreased in buffer 1, buffer 2, and buffer 3, even in buffer 4 in which forest ecosystem rehabilitated comparatively well, so protecting and rehabilitating wetland is a very difficult task. Foundation item: This study is supported by major projects of Knowiedge Innovation Program. Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. KZCX2-SW-320-3) and Institute of Applied Ecology (a grant SCXZD010-01), CAS. Biography: HAO Zhan-qing (1962-), Male, Ph. Doctor, Professor in Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenyang 1100016, P.R. China Responsible editor: Chai Ruihai