基于SHAW模型的内蒙古河套灌区秋浇节水灌溉制度

根据内蒙古河套灌区秋浇节水与土壤盐渍化防治的需要,利用SHAW模型模拟确定了不同盐渍化土壤合理的秋浇节水灌溉制度。结果表明：对于轻度盐渍化土壤,秋浇定额一般为142～183 mm,秋浇时间为9月28日－10月23日;对于中度盐渍化土壤,定额应该为180～200 mm,时间在10月14日－18日;对于重度盐渍化土壤,一般不种小麦,而种葵花等耐盐作物,定额为200～225 mm。因此,对于该灌区应该根据不同的土壤盐渍化程度,合理地安排秋浇。     

Purification and properties of a histidine decarboxylase from Staphylococcus epidermidis TYH1 isolated from Japanese fish-miso

Histidine decarboxylase (HDC) from Staphylococcus epidermidis TYH1, a halotolerant histamine-producing bacterium isolated from Japanese fermented fish-miso, was purified to homogeneity for the first time. The enzyme was purified 182-fold from cell-free extracts by ammonium sulfate precipitation, anion exchange chromatography and gel filtration chromatography. The N-terminal amino acid sequences of two polypeptide chains of 27–30 and 7–9 kDa were highly homologous with those of α- and β-chains of other staphylococcal HDCs. The optimum pH and temperature for the enzyme were 6.0 and 60 °C, respectively. This enzyme did not decarboxylate lysine, arginine, tyrosine, tryptophan or ornithine. The enzyme activity decreased with the addition of NaCl. At pH 4.8, the V _max and K _m values were 45.5 μmol histamine min^?1 mg^?1 and 1.10 mmol/L, respectively. Moreover, this enzyme was resistant to heat treatment (80 °C for 15 min) and was stable upon freezing at ?30 °C for 7 days. The very similar physiological properties of this enzyme and the almost identical N-terminal amino acid sequence to that of the HDC from S. capitis indicated that this enzyme may be evolutionally highly conserved in the genus Staphylococcus. The biophysical properties of staphylococcal HDC were elucidated using native purified enzyme.     

Molecular phylogenetic analysis of bovine papular stomatitis viruses detected in Saga,Japan

In this study, we performed a molecular phylogenetic analysis of six bovine papular stomatitis virus (BPSV) field strains detected from Japanese beef calves kept on a farm in Saga prefecture, a southwest part of Japan, from 2017 to 2020. The phylogenetic analysis based on a partial B2L gene (554-nt) showed that these field strains were divided into two lineages, a lineage (A-lineage) constructed by a Saga strain and strains obtained from various regions of Japan and the world, and other lineage (B-lineage) constructed by five Saga strains and strains obtained from France, USA and Iwate prefecture (a north part of Japan). Furthermore, a Saga field strain named BPSV_SAGAbv2 and strains obtained from USA and Iwate prefecture belonged to a sub-lineage blanched from B-lineage. This is the first report elucidating molecular epidemiological characters of field BPSVs obtained from Saga prefecture. The existence of the multiple lineages was thought to be related to a history of calf introduction from various regions of Japan into Saga prefecture.     

Lateral resistance of anchor-bolt joints between timber sills and foundations III: numerical simulations of the effect of sill thickness on the effective lateral resistance of multiple anchor-bolt joints

Effective lateral resistance of multiple anchorbolt joints was estimated by considering sill thickness or length/diameter ratios of anchor bolts. Load-slip relationships of single anchor bolt joints were analyzed by the stepwise linear approximation based on the generalized theory of a beam on an elastic foundation and the criterion of “fracture bearing displacement” for several sill thicknesses or length/diameter ratios of anchor bolts. Monte Carlo simulations of the effective lateral resistance of multiple anchor-bolt joints were conducted using the analyzed load-slip curves of single anchor-bolt joints. Effective resistance ratios of multiple anchor-bolt joints were simulated for some combinations of length/diameter ratios of anchor bolts, lead-hole clearances, and number of anchor bolts. The simulated results are: (1) the influence of lead-hole clearance becomes more apparent as length/diameter ratios of single anchor-bolt joints decrease; (2) there is no obvious effect of number of anchor-bolts over the range of 5 to 15; (3) average effective resistance ratios can be adopted for allowable stress design; and (4) reduction of effective resistance ratios should be considered particularly for small length/diameter ratios of anchor-bolt joints.     

Elimination of the major allergen tropomyosin from shrimp muscle by boiling treatment

Fisheries Science - Tropomyosin (TM) is the major allergen found in invertebrates, including shrimp. To reduce the allergenicity of shrimp muscle, attempts were made to eliminate TM from the muscle...     

Effective sampling method for estimating bending strength distribution of Japanese larch square-sawn timber

Information on the strength distribution of timbers and other wood products seems to have become more important for users and producers after revision of the Japan architectural standard in 1998, which emphasizes the performance requirements of structures. Because there is no way other than expensive destructive tests to collect strength data, many researchers have proposed many inspecting methods for predicting strength by nondestructive evaluation. The most popular method for structural timber is the mechanical grading method based on the relation between Young's modulus (E) and strength () with some linear regression models. On the other hand, it is well known that the proof loading test is superior for obtaining information on the lower tail of distribution. If the E distribution of the objective timbers is known approximately, selecting timbers nearest to the projected E values saves timbers for destructive tests. We examined the alternative sampling method using the reported e- data sets of Japanese larch square-sawn timber. The simulated results showed that the estimated lower tail of the bending strength distribution by the alternative method was a better approximation of the experimental distribution than that derived from the conventional linear regression model.Part of this paper was presented at the 47th Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Kochi, April 1997     

The biological species of oyster mushrooms (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Pleurotus</Emphasis> spp.) from Asia based on mating compatibility tests

Mating compatibility of 25 Pleurotus species collected mainly from Asia was tested by either the Mon–Mon mating or the Di–Mon mating tests. The results showed 5 intersterility groups (P. ostreatus, P. pulmonarius, P. cornucopiae, P. cystidiosus, and P. salmoneostramineus complexes) and 7 independent interincompatible species (P. calyptratus, P. corticatus, P. dryinus, P. eryngii, P. nebrodensis, P. smithii, and P. ulmarius). The P. ostreatus complex includes P. ostreatus, P. ostreatus var. columbinus, P. djamor, and P. flabellatus. The P. pulmonarius complex has 7 taxa: P. pulmonarius, P. eugrammus, P. eugrammus var. brevisporus, P. sajor-caju, P. sapidus, P. sp. florida, and P. opuntiae. The P. cornucopiae complex includes its variant P. cornucopiae var. citrinopileatus. The P. cystidiosus complex includes P. abalonus. The P. salmoneostramineus complex includes 3 pink-colored mushrooms: P. salmoneostramineus, P. ostreatoroseus, and P. rhodophyllus. According to mating compatibility tests, 12 biological species were identified from among 25 Pleurotus species.     

The characteristics of timber production in the administrative region No. 10, in Mindanao Island, Philippines: A case study

The characteristics of timber production in the public forest of a specific region in the Philippines are examined and the patterns on the linkages between logging, deforestation, and socio-economic development are established and illustrated. The logging industry is fully manned and financially capable and is a major contributor to the economy. However, the industry is now shrinking due to the declining forest resource of the region. The end results eventually lead to reduced productivity and contribution. The reduction of forest resources was traced to the excessive commercial logging and agricultural conversion of forest lands. Alternatives are suggested. The assistance provided by Mr. Jose D. Malvas, Jr., Director of the Forest Management Bureau, in the gathering of the data used in the study is deeply appreciated.     

Application of the vibration method with additional mass to timber guardrail beams

This study examined whether or not weight, density, and Young’s modulus can be accurately measured by vibration test without weighing beams for timber guardrails. Bending vibration tests with and without the concentrated mass were performed on small clear round bars without the pith of spruce and cedar and on actual size round bars with the pith of cedar for the timber guardrail. The following results were obtained. The vibration method with additional mass could be applied to the round bar as well as the rectangular bar. It is possible that resonance frequency was decreased by the sawn split in the horizontal tapping. It is believed that the free ends condition is easier to realize than the fixed ends condition for cross beams for timber guardrails. The weight of the cross beam for the timber guardrail could be accurately estimated by the vibration method with additional mass under several testing conditions.     

Virucidal and Immunostimulating Activities of Monogalactosyl Diacylglyceride from Coccomyxa sp. KJ,a Green Microalga,against Murine Norovirus and Feline Calicivirus

Human noroviruses are the most common pathogens causing acute gastroenteritis and may lead to more severe illnesses among immunosuppressed people, including elderly and organ transplant recipients. To date, there are no safe and effective vaccines or antiviral agents for norovirus infections. In the present study, we aimed to demonstrate the antiviral activity of monogalactosyl diacylglyceride (MGDG) isolated from a microalga, Coccomyxa sp. KJ, against murine norovirus (MNV) and feline calicivirus (FCV), the surrogates for human norovirus. MGDG showed virucidal activities against these viruses in a dose- and time-dependent manner—MGDG at 100 μg/mL reduced the infectivity of MNV and FCV to approximately 10% after 60 min incubation. In the animal experiments of MNV infection, intraoral administration of MGDG (1 mg/day) exerted a therapeutic effect by suppressing viral shedding in the feces and produced high neutralizing antibody titers in sera and feces. When MGDG was orally administered to immunocompromised mice treated with 5-fluorouracil, the compound exhibited earlier stopping of viral shedding and higher neutralizing antibody titers of sera than those in the control mice administered with distilled water. Thus, MGDG may offer a new therapeutic and prophylactic alternative against norovirus infections.