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101.
Junta Yanai Nanami Inoue Atsushi Nakao Masahiro Kasuya Kaori Ando Toshiya Oga Takayuki Takayama Hiroyuki Hasukawa Kunihiko Takehisa Akira Takamoto Kazuki Togami Tomoki Takahashi 《Soil Use and Management》2023,39(2):785-793
To prove the hypothesis that paddy rice utilizes soil nonexchangeable potassium (neK) and causes associated structural changes in clay minerals, K status and clay mineralogy of 22 surface soils from three paddy fields under long-term fertilizer management for 51–93 years were investigated. Soil neK content was determined as the difference between 1 mol L−1 hot HNO3 extractable K and 1 mol L−1 ammonium acetate exchangeable K. Clay mineralogy was identified by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The radiocesium interception potential (RIP), an index of frayed edge sites in the interlayer sites of 2:1 type clay minerals, was also determined. The neK contents under the -K and NPK treatments were considerably lower than those under the unfertilized treatment in all the fields, indicating the exploitation of soil neK by rice. XRD analysis of the clay samples revealed 7% shift from the 1.0 peak to 1.4 nm one under the -K treatment compared with the unfertilized one, and the amounts of neK were negatively correlated with those of RIP (p < .01), suggesting the expansion of interlayer spaces of the 2:1 type phyllosilicates such as mica due to the release of neK. In addition, the neK content positively correlated with K balance of the long-term experiments (p < .05). The differences of neK between unfertilized K and -K treatments corresponded to 22–157 kg K ha−1, or 0.42–1.68 kg K ha−1 year−1. In conclusion, utilization of considerable amount of soil neK under K depleted conditions should be considered to establish sustainable K management for paddy rice. 相似文献
102.
Yoshinori MATSUDA Hideyoshi TOYODA Yasunari KATO Koji KAKUTANI Takayuki NAKANISHI Miki BINGO Teruo NONOMURA Seiji OUCHI 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2000,66(1):59-63
A nonpathogenic mutant of Ralstonia solanacearum was produced by the insertion of transposon Tn4431. The mutagenized gene was then cloned from a genomic DNA library by the
gene tagging method, using the labeled lux operon located on Tn4431 of pUCD623 as a hybridization probe. From nucleotide sequence analysis of the transposon-inserted
genomic clone, the hrpB gene was shown to be disrupted by the inserted transposon. Tomato plants were inoculated with the hrpB-disrupted mutant bacteria, for which multiplication and translocation were then monitored using the colony hybridization
method. In addition, the original pathogenic bacteria in which the lux operon had been functionally ligated with the genomic promoter were also used for inoculation and traced by their bioluminescence.
Multiplication of the hrpB-disrupted mutant was suppressed initially in the invaded root tissues and then in upper hypocotyl after translocation, suggesting
that the pathogenic strain of R. solanacearum overcomes at least two steps of host responses expressed in root and hypocotyl tissues. Thus, our approach for molecular
monitoring of the bacteria enabled us to precisely analyze the infection behavior of the pathogenic bacteria in planta.
Received 16 April 1999/ Accepted in revised form 10 August 1999 相似文献
103.
Mikiji Shigematsu Takayuki Kobayashi Hiroyasu Taguchi Mitsuhiko Tanahashi 《Journal of Wood Science》2006,52(2):128-133
The radical coupling reaction leading to the β-0′ quinonemethide intermediate of p-coumaryl alcohol was analyzed by semi-empirical molecular orbital calculation with MOPAC2002. By analyzing the radical monomer
in a one-electron oxidation, the spin density of the unpaired electron at the 4-oxygen was less than half of the values at
the C1, C3, C5, and Cβ positions. By analyzing the transition state during the radical coupling reaction, the activation enthalpy was evaluated
as 9.76 kcal/mol, which corresponds to the activation energies for the propagation of common vinyl polymers. From the analysis
of atomic interactions in the transition state, it was found that the activation enthalpy was largely composed of a high coulombic
repulsion between Cβ of the first monomer and the phenolic oxygen of the second monomer. After passing the transition state, the two radical monomers
formed a metastable quinone-methide intermediate. The optimum conformation of the quinonemethide intermediate was formed from
the meta-stable conformation through a second transition state with a small energy barrier.
Part of this article was presented at the 46th Lignin Symposium, held in Fukuoka, October 31-November 1, 2002 相似文献
104.
Mona Uchida Yuki Matsumiya Masaya Tsuboi Kazuyuki Uchida Takayuki Nakagawa Wataru Fujii Tetsuya Kobayashi Hajime Tsujimoto Aki Ohmi Hirotaka Tomiyasu Tomoki Motegi Shingo Maeda Yasuyuki Momoi Tomohiro Yonezawa 《Veterinary and comparative oncology》2023,21(3):391-400
Histiocytic sarcoma (HS) is a rare neoplasm of macrophages or dendritic cells with a poor prognosis in dogs. As the apoptosis inhibitor of macrophage (AIM) is characteristically expressed in canine macrophages, we hypothesised that AIM is involved in the development or progression of HS in dogs. In this study, AIM expression in the tumour region and serum AIM levels in dogs with HS was assessed. Additionally, the effects of AIM overexpression on HS cell viability were investigated using a HS cell line that was selected from five validated HS cell lines. Immunohistochemistry showed that AIM expression was observed in the cytoplasm of the HS cells. CD36, a candidate AIM receptor, was also observed on the cell membrane of HS cells. When the serum AIM level was detected in 36 dogs with HS and 10 healthy dogs via western blot analysis, the AIM levels in the HS dogs were significantly higher than those in the controls. AIM mRNA expression in the 5 HS cell lines varied but was higher than that in the other tumour-derived lines. Among the five HS cell lines, DH82 originally had lower AIM and the highest CD36 expression. When AIM was overexpressed in DH82, therein cell growth speed and invasion, apoptosis inhibition and phagocytic activity were strongly upregulated. These data suggest that elevated intra-tumour expression of AIM could induce the progression of HS cells in dogs. Moreover, elevated serum AIM levels in dogs with HS could serve as a biomarker of HS. 相似文献
105.
Takahama U Tanaka M Oniki T Hirota S Yamauchi R 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(10):4169-4176
The objective of the present study was to elucidate how chlorogenic acid in coffee was transformed under acidic conditions simulating the mixture of saliva and gastric juice. When coffee was incubated in acidified saliva that contained nitrite and SCN-, in addition to nitric oxide (NO), four major components were detected. Two of the four components (components 3 and 4) were generated when chlorogenic acid was incubated in acidified saliva and when incubated in an acidic buffer solution in the presence of both nitrite and SCN-. By the incubation of chlorogenic acid in acidic nitrite in the absence of SCN-, components 3 and 4 were not formed but the quinone of chlorogenic acid and nitrated chlorogenic acid were formed. The result indicates that SCN- was indispensable for nitrous acid induced formation of components 3 and 4. Component 4 was isolated and its structure was determined to be (E)-5'-(3-(7-hydroxy-2-oxobenzo[d] [1,3]oxathiol-4-yl)acryloyloxy)quinic acid. Component 3, which was suggested to be 2-thiocyanatochlorogenic acid, seemed to be formed by the reaction between SCN- and the quinone of chlorogenic acid. As it has been reported that the quinone of chlorogenic acid can react with thiols and can decompose producing H2O2, the formation of component 4 can reduce the toxic effects of the quinone of chlorogenic acid. 相似文献
106.
Hata E Katsuda K Kobayashi H Ogawa T Endô T Eguchi M 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2006,68(2):165-170
Two hundred thirty one Staphylococcus aureus isolates from bovine mastitic milk were discriminated into 60 patterns and 16 lineages by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The tested isolates were also investigated using coagulase and capsule serotyping and PCR for possession of genes that encode staphylococcal enterotoxins (sea to sei), enterotoxin-like toxins (selj to selr), and toxic shock syndrome toxin (tst). One hundred seventy three of the isolates (74.9%) possessed one or more toxin genes, while no egg-yolk factor was detected in most of them. The most common combinations of toxin genes possessed by the tested isolates were sec, seg, sei, sell, and tst, or seg and sei, or sec, seg, sei, sell, seln, and tst. Two hundred and ten of the isolates (91.0%) serotyped coagulase VI, and 207 of the isolates (89.6%) expressed serotype 5 or 8 capsules. These results suggested that isolates belonging to two major lineages have spread all over Hokkaido as bovine mastitic isolates. Additionally, no remarkable difference was recognized in the identification ratio of the isolates that belonged to the two major lineages between mastitis of subclinical origin and mastitis of clinical origin. 相似文献
107.
Shiibashi T Imai T Sato Y Abe N Yukawa M Nogami S 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2006,68(3):281-282
Cryptosporidium infection was confirmed by fecal examination for the first time in pet rabbits in a wholesale store located in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. Fecal samples were obtained postmortem from juvenile rabbits (n=66), which had died after developing diarrhea. Feces from healthy rabbits (n=30) were also collected and examined as controls. Two types of Cryptosporidium oocysts distinctive in size and shape were found (Type A and B). Types A and B oocysts were detected from 16.7% and 13.6% of the diarrheic, and 3.3% and 0% of the normal feces, respectively. Since Cryptosporidium oocysts were detected at a higher rate in the diarrheic rabbits than in the healthy rabbits, special caution should be taken when handling a pet rabbit presenting with diarrhea. 相似文献
108.
Shimode S Miyazawa T Kobayashi T Sato H Tanabe T 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2012,74(2):235-239
Interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) is one of the type I interferon-inducible proteins. Addition of ISG15 known as ISGylation is an ubiquitin-like posttranslational modification. Coexpression of ISG15 and ubiquitin-activating enzyme E1-like protein (UBE1L) is required to induce ISGylation. Previously, we identified feline ISG15 gene and found that the capsid protein of feline immunodeficiency virus was ISGylated in vitro by treatment with feline interferon-ω. In this study, we cloned feline UBE1L (FeUBE1L) gene to further study the mechanism of the antiviral activities induced by ISGylation. Sequencing analysis revealed that active sites of FeUBE1L were highly conserved. These data suggest that FeUBE1L has an enzymatic activity. Further, expression of FeUBE1L was induced in feline cell lines by treatment with feline interferon-ω and ovine interferon-τ. 相似文献
109.
Sato E Yoshikawa R Miyazawa T 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2012,74(2):255-258
Xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus (XMRV), a novel gammaretrovirus in humans, was found in patients with prostate cancer (PC) and chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). However, there has been controversy whether XMRV is directly associated with human diseases. In this study, we developed a LacZ marker rescue assay using human embryonic kidney 293T cells and a focus assay using a feline fibroblastic sarcoma-positive leukemia-negative QN10S cells. XMRV induced prominent foci in QN10S cells and the viral titer determined by the focus assay was as high as that by the LacZ marker rescue assay. Because the focus assay is simple and sensitive, it will be useful for monitoring infectious XMRVs in CFS and PC patients and virological studies for XMRV. 相似文献
110.
Rui Kano Takayuki Yano Kota Nagamatsu Haruhiko Maruyama Hiroshi Kamata Atsuhiko Hasegawa 《Research in veterinary science》2009,87(1):64-66
The effect of down-regulation of Mcl-1 expression by small interfering RNA (siRNA) against the canine Mcl-1 gene on apoptosis was investigated by transfecting CF33 (canine mammary gland tumor cell line) with siRNA using cationic liposomes. The siRNA against canine Mcl-1 increased the rate of apoptotic cells and decreased the numbers of viable cells. Further, sequence-specific down-regulation of Mcl-1 expression was measured by real time-PCR and Western blot analysis. The siRNA directed against the Mcl-1 gene reduced both the mRNA and protein expression in the CF33. Our study suggests the importance of Mcl-1 in canine mammary tumors for inducing apoptosis and reinforces using Mcl-1 as a putative therapeutic target in canine mammary gland tumor. 相似文献