管带式车用散热器散热特性的试验研究

应用正交试验优化技术对管带式车用散热器的散热特性进行了试验研究,并对试验结果进行了回归分析,得到了描述散热器散热量、风阻及水阻与散热器冷却水入口温度、水流量及冷却风速之间关系的回归方程。     

轮式车辆传动系动态阻尼的研究

研究了车辆传动系配合件润滑状态及摩擦系数的变化规律,推导出配合件摩擦扭矩及轴系内摩擦阻尼力矩的计算公式。得出传动系配合件摩擦扭矩和轴系内滞阻尼力矩的增加,对动力传动系自激振动起到了控制环节作用的结论。     

日粮不同CP及RUP水平对奶牛瘤胃发酵的影响

试验旨在研究不同水平的粗蛋白(CP)及瘤胃非降解蛋白(RUP)的日粮对奶牛瘤胃代谢的影响。试验选择18头健康、体重相近的荷斯坦奶牛作为试验动物,随机分为6组,每组3头。采用2×3因子完全随机试验设计,其中CP设7.5%(低)、9%(中)1、0.5%(高)三个水平,RUP设45%CP(低)、55%CP(高)两个水平,共6个处理组,饲喂相同基础日粮,精粗比为3:7,预饲期10 d,饲喂后2、4、8、12、24 h从食道采集瘤胃液2 d,测定瘤胃液pH值,NH3-N、微生物蛋白质(BCP)、挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)含量。结果表明:日粮CP水平对瘤胃液氨氮浓度的影响极显著(P<0.01),对BCP及VFA的含量影响较小,总体而言,9%CP水平组对奶牛的瘤胃发酵略好于其他两组;日粮中高RUP(55%CP)可以显著降低瘤胃pH值且有降低NH3-N浓度的趋势,同时,对瘤胃BCP及VFA的合成有一定的促进作用。本试验条件下,日粮中CP(9%)和RUP(55%CP)可在一定程度上改善瘤胃代谢。     

一种智能控制变量施肥机构的试验设计

我国农业正由传统农业向现代农业发展,农业新技术研究已经开始起步。在施肥方面,配方施肥、复混肥技术和多元素平衡施肥等一些先进技术和措施已在一些发达地区得以应用。为提高肥料利用率,尽可能地消除化肥对农业环境造成的污染,设计研制了一种变量施肥设备。该设备主要由信息采集系统、单片机控制电路、步进电机驱动装置和排肥机构组成。试验结果表明,该机构对尿素和碳铵的排肥误差率在10%以内,施肥精度较高,可基本实现变量施肥,并为下一步的改进和提高精度奠定了基础。     

乌头附子最佳采收时期的初步研究

对不同采收时期所得乌头附子的产量、附子及相应附片的总生物碱和毒性成分乌头碱含量进行了测定,初步研究了附子的最佳采收时期。结果表明,在8月15日附子产量最高,为109.10 g/m2.n,附子和附片的总生物碱含量为10.680 mg/g和4.422 mg/g,附子和附片有毒生物碱乌头碱含量为0.041 mg/g和0.0021 mg/g,即8月15日前后为附子的最佳采收时期。     

五原县盐碱化耕地改良技术研究

通过3个量级的磷石膏与腐殖酸配合施用以及单施磷石膏、腐殖酸对比试验,研究其对盐碱化耕地的改良效果。结果表明:磷石膏和腐殖酸配合施用改良效果较好,推荐配合施用量为磷石膏900 kg/667m2,腐殖酸1 000 kg/667m2。     

Cumulative effects of a 17‐year chemical fertilization on the soil quality of cropping system in the Loess Hilly Region,China

Soil‐quality assessment provides a tool for evaluating the sustainability of alternative soil‐management practices. Understanding the effects of the long‐term use of chemical fertilizers on soil quality is essential for sustaining soil productivity. The cumulative effect of a 17‐y‐old chemical‐fertilizer application on integrated soil quality was investigated in the surface (0–15 cm) and subsurface (15–30 cm) soils of a soy–broomcorn–millet cropping system with an experiment design of two factors with three levels for each factor. The treatments were N0P0, N0P1, N0P2, N1P0, N1P1 (local farmer' fertilization strategy), N1P2, N2P0, N2P1, N2P2, and a control NF. The objectives were to describe and quantify the effect of continuous applications of chemical fertilizer through soil‐quality index (SQI) and attempt to offer an efficient and appropriate nutrient‐supply strategy for the local region. Following 17 y of chemical fertilization, the SQI increased markedly in the studied soil layers, and soil chemical indicators changed more significantly than physical properties. The soil‐quality indicators in the surface soil layer were more variable and sensitive to fertilizer application than the subsurface layer. The indicators that sensitively responded to long‐term fertilization could be classified into three types: soil‐fertility indicators (soil organic matter [SOM], total P, and available N), soil‐texture indicators (clay, silt), and soil‐structure indicators (bulk density, mean weight diameter [MWD]). The simplified indicators (SOM, sand, available N, bulk density, and total P in the surface soil and SOM, MWD, and silt content in the subsurface soil) preferably reflected the status of the integrated soil quality as influenced by continuous fertilization. Among the fertilized treatments, the combined‐fertilizer treatments maintained a higher SQI than the single‐fertilizer treatments in the surface and subsurface soils. The N1P2 treatment maintained the highest SQI in both soil layers, followed by N1P1 treatment. However, for the slope cropland, given the relative costs, soil resource, and environmental protection, the traditional treatment of N1P1 may be the optimal fertilizer treatment in the local region.     

宁夏干旱区滴灌条件下拉巴豆不同播种量与甜高粱混播饲草生产性能研究

采用合理的种植方式能够有效缓解宁夏干旱区饲草产量低、品质差问题,本研究在滴灌条件下设置不同播种量(S₀:0 kg·hm^-2,S₁:16.5 kg·hm^-2,S₂:33.0 kg·hm^-2,S₃:49.5 kg·hm^-2,S₄:66.0 kg·hm^-2)拉巴豆与甜高粱混播,对甜高粱农艺性状和混播草地生产性能以及牧草营养品质进行综合分析。2年试验结果表明,拉巴豆播种量对甜高粱株高、茎粗、茎秆1～4节强度和茎秆5～7节强度及混播草地干草产量、粗蛋白产量、粗蛋白含量、中性洗涤纤维含量、酸性洗涤纤维含量和相对饲喂价值有显著影响(P<0.05),其中甜高粱株高、茎粗、混播草地干草产量和粗蛋白产量随拉巴豆播种量的增加呈先增加后降低趋势,草地总干草产量、粗蛋白产量和相对饲喂价值均在S₃处理下达到最大,分别为32.12 t·hm^-2、4....     

Meta-QTL analysis and identification of candidate genes related to root traits in maize

Maize root system architecture determines key functions of uptake of water and nutrients in plants. A large number of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) of root-related traits have been found in different populations of maize. Identification of consistent QTLs across diverse genetic backgrounds could be instrumental on marker-assisted selection of traits and identification of candidate functional genes. In this study, 20 published papers were investigated regarding on reported results of QTLs related to root traits of maize, and in total 428 individual QTLs for 23 root-related traits were used for meta-analysis, resulting in 53 Meta-QTLs (MQTLs) retrieved over ten maize chromosomes. Among these MQTLs regions, in total 45 maize homologs were considered as candidate genes affecting maize root traits by comparing with 7 genes from rice and 36 genes from Arabidopsis. Three maize genes (GRMZM5G813206, GRMZM2G167220 and GRMZM2G467069) identified from MQTL_8-5 could play important roles on lateral root and crown root development of maize. Two of the MQTLs, i.e. MQTL_7-2 and MQTL_9-1, involved in nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) stress responses and both of them with small physical distance (less than 3 Mb), could be used for abiotic stress improvement of maize root traits. These MQTLs and candidate genes will be helpful for future gene cloning and marker-assisted selection in maize.     

陕南水资源的自适应可持续发展优化模型设计

针对陕南地区水资源供需关系,建立了自反馈机制的动态水资源优化配置模型.模型根据历史水资源供需关系数据,采用神经网络模型预测未来水资源供需数据,并根据其建立各年的水资源优化配置模型,通过调节各年水资源配置参数,使其成为持续发展优化模型.