两种人工栽培藏茵陈生物学特性的研究

通过椭圆叶花猫(Halenia elliptica D.Don)、四数獐牙菜(Swertia tetraptera maxim)的人工栽培试验表明:两种藏茵陈植物都为两年生草本,第一年仅以叶簇形态生枝条不伸长,只进行营养生长,生长第二年枝条才开始伸长,开花结实后完成生活史;两种藏茵陈播种时间都以秋播为宜,有利于自然通过低温春化作用打破种子休眠,促进翌年春天种子萌发,显著提高田间出苗率;两种藏茵陈通过人工栽培,其茎、叶都比野生植物生长高大、粗壮,可大幅提高生药产量,是保护珍稀野生植物资源的有效途径之一;两种藏茵陈50%以上的种子在土壤中有较长期的休眠特性,一般在一年中的春秋两季萌发,所以适当增加播种量第二年后可使田间一年、二年生植株同时生长,对生药生产可连年持续收获产品,免去了对土壤的耕、翻、耙、种等作业,从而可有效降低栽培成本。     

Evaluation of Cluster Bean Meal Cyamposis fefrugonoloba as a Dietary Protein Source for Common Carp Cyprinus carpio L.

Abstract— A12-wk feeding experiment was conducted to study the feasibility of utilizing cluster bean seed meal (CBM) as a replacement for fishmeal in the diets for common carp Cyprnus carpio fingerlings. The replacement levels of cluster bean meal protein in the diets were 25, 50, 75, and 100% of the total fishmeal protein. All diets were isonitrogenous at 33.1% crude protein and isocaloric at 4.8 Kcal/g. There were significant differences in the final individual weights, weight gains, specific growth rates (SGR %/d), feed conversion ratios (FCR), feed efficiency ratio (FER), protein efficiency ratios (PER), and feed intake among fish group ( P × 0.05). Common carp fed the diet containing 50% (CBM) exhibited comparable growth to those fed a fishmeal-based diet. Digestibility of protein, energy and lipid decreased with increasing levels of CBM above 50% of total fishmeal replacement in the diet. Incorporation of CBM in diets significantly affected the dry matter, protein, and energy of whole fish body. These results suggest that CBM can replace 50% of the fishmeal in diet for common carp.     

陕北毛乌素沙地仁用杏丰产栽培技术体系

针对陕北毛乌素沙地地势较为平埋，光热资源丰富，水资源相对充足，但干旱少雨，降水集中，蒸发量大，风沙危害频繁，土质疏松、漏肥、漏水现象严重等特殊的自然条件，提出了适宜该地区采用的仁用杏丰产栽培技术体系。     

额济纳胡杨林土壤含水量时空变化的研究

使用管状土壤水分仪,对额济纳胡杨林、沙枣林、柽柳林以及其它不同样地的土壤含水量时空变化进行了调查研究。结果表明,大部分样地有大约20CM的干沙层,使表层土壤含水量最低;土壤剖面的30~150CM土层内,随土壤深度的增加,土壤含水量逐渐增大;沙枣林和柽柳林的土壤含水量明显高于胡杨林土壤含水量;土壤质地的变化和三种林型耗水量的差异是土壤含水量高低变化的原因;2004年5月份的土壤含水量明显高于2003年7月份的土壤含水量。     

内蒙古玉米秸秆还田土壤细菌多样性特征

通过内蒙古半干旱冷凉地区玉米秸秆还田定位试验,结合常规分析手段和变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)技术初步研究了玉米秸秆深翻还田后土壤有机质、纤维素酶活性及土壤细菌多样性变化。结果表明,随着玉米生育期的推进,土壤有机质含量呈先增加后下降趋势,拔节期和大喇叭口期含量较高。玉米秸秆深翻还田一年(SF-Ⅰ)和连续两年玉米秸秆深翻还田(SF-Ⅱ)0～20 cm土层有机质含量除了播种期差异显著外,其余生育期均无显著差异,但均与常规旋耕秸秆不还田(CK)有显著差异;20～40 cm土层SF-Ⅰ、SF-Ⅱ和CK有机质含量除了播种期差异显著外,其余生育期均无显著差异;玉米成熟期土壤有机质含量为SF-ⅡSF-ⅠCK;随着土层的下移土壤有机质含量呈逐渐降低的趋势。秸秆深翻还田后土壤纤维素酶活性明显增强,表现为SF-ⅡSF-ⅠCK;拔节期和大喇叭口期土壤纤维素酶活性增幅较高,与CK差异达到显著水平;纤维素酶活性随土层的下移逐渐下降,0～20 cm土层中,播种期至大喇叭口期秸秆还田土壤纤维素酶活性与CK间差异显著,其余时期无显著差异;20～40 cm土层中,仅播种期秸秆还田土壤纤维素酶活性与CK间差异显著。16S rDNA-PCR-DGGE分析可知,秸秆还田后拔节期至灌浆期土壤细菌群落发生较大的变化,拔节期变化最大。SF-Ⅱ、SF-Ⅰ、CK土壤菌属不同,细菌多样性指数SF-ⅡSF-ⅠCK;秸秆深翻还田增加了土壤细菌多样性,尤其是土壤中纤维素分解菌和有机污染物降解菌群。半干旱冷凉地区两年秸秆还田的土壤细菌多样性比一年秸秆还田的效果更为明显。     

Comparison of acetate tape impression with squeezing versus skin scraping for the diagnosis of canine demodicosis

This study compared the sensitivity of acetate tape impression and skin squeezing with that of deep skin scraping for the diagnosis of demodicosis in dogs. Demodex canis was detected in 100% of acetate tape impressions obtained after skin squeezing and in 90% of deep skin scrapings. There was a significant difference (P < 0.001) between the techniques in the total number of mites detected. Acetate tape impression with skin squeezing was found to be more sensitive than deep skin scraping and is an alternative diagnostic method for canine demodicosis.     

成纤维细胞生长因子（FGF）研究进展

介绍了成纤维细胞生长因子（FGF）的种类和作用机理。同时,对国内外对FGF在胚胎发育、器官形成及毛囊发育过程中的作用等方面的研究进展进行了综述。     

Comparison of the pharmacokinetics and thermal antinociceptive pharmacodynamics of 20 µg kg−1 buprenorphine administered sublingually or intravenously in cats

Little is known about the analgesic action of buprenorphine (BUP) in cats. Relative to man, the cat has a more alkaline oral pH, which may make this an effective route for administering BUP in this species. This study aimed to assess and compare the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of sublingual (S‐L) and IV administration of BUP. Thermal threshold (TT) was measured and blood samples were collected following IV or S‐L administration (20 µg kg^?1) of the injectable formulation. Six cats (five spayed females, one castrated male, 4.1–6.6 kg) were used. Each cat received both treatments in a randomized cross‐over study design with 1 month between experiments. Twenty‐four hours prior to each study, the lateral thorax of each of the cats was shaved, cephalic and jugular catheters placed, and oral pH measured. On the day of the study, TT was measured using a ‘thorax‐mounted’ thermal threshold‐testing device specifically developed for cats. The cats were free to move around. Skin temperature was recorded before each test, then the heater activated. When the cat responded by flinching, turning, or jumping, the stimulus was terminated and the threshold temperature was recorded. The thermal threshold cut‐off point was 55.5 °C. Three baseline thresholds were recorded before treatment with S‐L or IV (via cephalic catheter) BUP (20 µg kg^?1). Blood was withdrawn (jugular) at 1, 2, 4, 6, 10, 15, 30, 45, 60 minutes and at 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 24 hours post‐administration. TT was measured every 30 minutes?6 hours, 1–12 hours, and at 24 hours post‐administration. Plasma was immediately separated, stored at ?20.5 °C, and assayed within 4 months using a commercially available ¹²⁵I radioimmunoassay. Threshold data were analyzed using anova with a repeat factor of time. No adverse effects were noted. Pupils were dilated for up to 9 hours post‐BUP. Behavioral changes were calm euphoria. Measured oral pH was 9 in each cat. Pre‐treatment mean threshold (±SD) was 41.2 ± 0.9 °C in the S‐L group and 40.8 ± 0.85 °C in the IV group. There were no significant differences between the groups with respect to thresholds over time (p = 0.72). Thresholds were significantly increased from 30 to 360 minutes in both the groups (>44.615 °C). Peak plasma BUP (C_max) was lower (11 ± 6.7 ng mL^?1vs. 92.9 ± 107.9 ng mL^?1) and occurred later (T_max) (30 minutes vs. 1 minute) after S‐L compared to IV administration, respectively. BUP (20 µg kg^?1)‐administered S‐L or IV provided antinociception between 30 and 360 minutes after administration. Plasma levels did not correspond to TT.