棉花叶片茸毛性状与绿盲蝽抗性的关系

为明确棉花叶片茸毛性状与其对绿盲蝽抗性的关系,于2008-2009年连续两年系统研究了不同供试棉花品种(系)对绿盲蝽的抗性水平,并在室内测定了棉花中脉和叶片上茸毛的类型、密度和长度.结果表明,不同棉花品种(系)对绿盲蝽的抗性水平存在差异;且不同棉花品种(系)叶片各类型茸毛密度和茸毛长度分别表现显著差异(P<0.05);叶片茸毛密度与棉花对绿盲蝽的抗性呈显著负相关(y=3.5482-0.0007x1-0.0089x2,R2=0.5741,P=0.0007),叶片茸毛类型和茸毛长度与棉花对绿盲蝽的抗性没有显著相关性.选育叶片无毛或少毛的棉花品种(系)可用于棉花绿盲蝽的治理.     

内生枯草芽孢杆菌B215对香蕉弯孢霉叶斑病抑制作用初探

通过香蕉内生枯草芽孢杆菌菌株B215对峙培养及其菌体代谢物的活性测定结果表明,B215菌株对香蕉弯孢霉叶斑病原真菌具有很强的拈抗作用,其对峙培养能明显抑制靶标菌菌丝向四周均匀扩展,抑菌带宽度为0.4 cm;菌株滤液的EC50值达5.10%,主要是以代谢产物中的抗菌物质造成孢子和菌丝膨大成球状畸形,原生质外泄,孢子崩溃干瘪,致使病菌丧失侵染和繁殖能力.     

微咸水造墒对不同种植方式棉花生长的影响

采用小区对比试验,研究了5 g/L微咸水造墒对基质育苗移栽覆膜(JZPM)、基质育苗移栽无覆膜(JZ)、沙培育苗移栽覆膜(SPPM)、沙培育苗移栽无覆膜(SP)、点播覆膜(DBPM)、点播无覆膜(DB)等6种种植方式棉花生长发育和产量的影响。结果表明:在相同种植方式下,覆膜处理棉花的成苗率、形态发育指标、生殖器官分配指数、籽棉产量及霜前花率明显高于无覆膜处理;不同栽培方式下,JZPM处理显著提高了棉花的成苗率,加快了棉花的生育进程,但后期出现严重的倒伏、早衰现象,DBPM处理呈现了最为稳定的生长动态。在补全苗的情况下,DBPM处理的籽棉产量最高,其产量比JZPM、SPPM、DB、SP、JZ等处理分别增加了10.08%、31.03%、28.88%、32.78%和39.16%,方差分析结果显示,JZPM和DBPM处理间的产量差异不显著,但显著高于其它各处理。DBPM和JZPM两种栽培方式在该区微咸水灌溉中具有广阔的应用前景。     

Multi-scale study of bird species distribution and of their response to vegetation change: a Mediterranean example

Land use changes operate at different scales. They trigger a cascade of effects that simultaneously modify the composition or structure of the landscape and of the local vegetation. Mobil animals, and birds in particular, can respond quickly to such multi-scalar changes. We took advantage of a long term study on the response of songbirds to land-use changes on four Mediterranean islands in Corsica and Sardinia to explore the benefits of a multi-scale analysis of the relationships between songbird distribution, vegetation structure and landscape dynamics. Field data and aerial photographs were used to describe the vegetation at three different scales. Birds were censused by point counts. We used statistical variance decomposition to study how bird distribution and vegetation at various scales were linked. We analysed multi-scale vegetation changes (floristic composition, plot vegetation type, and landscape structure) and their consequences on bird distribution with multivariate and non-parametrical tests. The distribution of most species was linked to at least two spatial scales. The weight of a given scale was consistent with life-history traits for species whose biology was well-known. In the examples studied, vegetation composition, vegetation type and landscape changes that resulted from land abandonment negatively affected birds depending on open or heterogeneous areas. Our results emphasize that multi-scale analyses can greatly enhance our understanding of bird distribution and of their changes. Management of these populations should take into account measures at various spatial scales depending on the sensitivity of the species.     

红托鹅膏生态环境研究

以武定狮山为样点,对红托鹅膏的生境进行了初步研究。结果表明,红托鹅膏主要生长于滇青冈、滇石栎等阔叶林或针（云南松）阔混交林中,其生长的土表层疏松、透气、潮湿,具有厚4 cm~9 cm的腐叶层,有稀薄的阳光透入,土层有机质含量高,矿物质养分丰富,土壤容重较小,偏微酸性（pH5.4~5.7）。子实体分化发育较适宜的温度为19℃~21℃,空气湿度为75%~86%,土壤含水量为38%~50%,并每天保证1 300 lx~2 000 lx的光照2 h~5 h,200 lx~900 lx的弱光6 h~9 h。     

商品有机肥与无机肥配施对白菜品质和产量的影响

以白菜为试材,设6个处理,T1~T3处理分别为无机肥处理、有机无机肥配施处理和有机肥处理,以及在此基础上分别对应T1~T3处理,在莲座期和结球前期每垄施用1%浓度的石灰1 600mL,为T4~T6处理,研究了商品有机肥与无机肥配合施用及单独施用对白菜产量和品质的影响。结果表明:T3、T6处理收获期硝酸盐含量分别较T1、T4处理下降了32.3%和35.2%;维生素C含量提高了30.0%和38.6%;可溶性糖含量升高了31.5%和34.5%。可见有机肥能够提高白菜品质,但对产量的贡献却不明显。而有机无机肥配施则能够在保证白菜品质的前提下,使产量提高2%~27%,与施用有机肥相比达到差异显著水平(P0.05)。施用石灰的处理各项指标均优于未施石灰的处理结果。说明均衡营养并配施有机无机肥能够起到提高白菜产量和品质的目的。     

猪粪堆肥过程中氮素物质转化规律研究

猪粪、稻草、菌荆混合堆肥与单纯猪粪堆肥对比试验,定量化研究了堆肥过程中不同阶段各种形态氮素转化和氮素损失途径。结果表明,在猪粪中添加稻草和菌剂堆肥,全氮损失减少,损失量为38％,其中氨态氮损失占氮总损失量80％,有机氮损失占氮总损失量21％;而单纯猪粪堆肥其氮素损失78％,其中氨态氮损失占氮总损失量38％,有机氮损失占氮总损失量59％。堆肥过程中主要是氨态氮和有机氮的变化,硝态氮变化较小。     

猪GPX5基因、FUT1基因和NCOA1基因的多态性分析

采用PCR-RFLP法对大自猪、杜洛克、长白猪、民猪和野家杂交猪的谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶5(Glutathion-Peroxidase 5,GPX5)基因、岩藻糖转移酶1(Fucosyltransferase1,FUT1)基因和核受体辅激活蛋白1(Nuclear receptor co-aetivator 1,NCOA1)基因进行多态性检测,结果表明:GPX5基因用Hinf I酶切可获得3种基因型,FUT1基因用Hha I酶切可获得3种基因型,NCOA1基因用Rsa I酶切可获得3种基因型.同时对不同基因的基因型频率和基因频率进行计算,并分析相应基因的遗传效应.     

小桐子蛋白基胶黏剂的改性研究

在纯碱NaOH和混合碱（Ca(OH)2/NaOH）降解改性小桐子蛋白的基础上,选取交联剂甲醛对小桐子胶黏剂进行改性。结果表明：单纯碱NaOH处理小桐子制备的胶黏剂不具有耐水性,混合碱（Ca(OH)2/NaOH）处理小桐子蛋白胶黏剂具有一定的耐水性。胶黏剂的性能测试和DSC测试结果表明,无论是单纯碱NaOH,还是混合碱（Ca(OH)2/NaOH）处理小桐子,其蛋白的降解程度有限,导致与后续的甲醛交联反应不理想。     

Detection of arboviruses in Culicoides(Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) collected from animal farms in the border areas of Yunnan Province,China

Biting midges of the genus Culicoides(order Diptera, family Ceratopogonidae) are potential biological vectors for the transmission of certain arboviruses among humans, livestock, and wild animals. This study collected a total of 405 Culicoides individuals from seven animal farms located in five counties in the border areas of Yunnan Province, China, and examined the Culicoides species composition and the major arboviruses carried by the Culicoides species. The collected Culicoides were classified into seven species with variable abundances: Culicoides arakawae(5.43%, 22/405), Culicoides homotomus(1.23%, 5/405), Culicoides obsoletus(19.75%, 80/405), Culicoides orientalis(17.28%, 70/405), Culicoides oxystoma(29.38%, 119/405), Culicoides peregrinus(5.68%, 23/405), and Culicoides nipponensis(21.23%, 86/405). Among the seven species, C. oxystoma and C. nipponensis were distributed in all the five counties with abundances of 13.33–44.87% and 10.00–46.83%, respectively, suggesting that these were the dominant species of Culicoides widespread on animal farms in the border areas. PCR was used to detect major arboviruses in the collected Culicoides specimens, including bluetongue virus(BTV), Japanese encephalitis virus, Dengue virus, Zika virus, African swine fever virus, and African horse sickness virus. Among the tested viruses, only BTV serotype 1 was tested positive in C. oxystoma specimens collected from a buffalo farm. Culicoides oxystoma was the dominant species on animal farms in the sampled areas, but it has not previously been documented as positive for BTV in China. The current results thus suggest that C. oxystoma could be an important vector for BTV transmission in these border areas, which, however, needs to be confirmed by further comprehensive experiments. Overall, the present study provides the first profile of Culicoides species on animal farms in the China, Vietnam, and Myanmar border areas, establishes the prevalence of arboviruses carried by these Culicoides species, and suggests the vector potential of C. oxystoma species for the transmission of BTV.