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91.
Anh T. Nguyen Julio C. M. Iehisa Nobuyuki Mizuno Miyuki Nitta Shuhei Nasuda Shigeo Takumi 《Breeding Science》2013,63(4):374-383
Wheat landraces carry abundant genetic variation in heading and flowering times. Here, we studied flowering-related traits of two Nepalese varieties, KU-4770 and KU-180 and a Japanese wheat cultivar, Shiroganekomugi (SGK). These three wheat varieties showed similar flowering time in a common garden experiment. In total, five significant quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for three examined traits, the heading, flowering and maturation times, were detected using an F2 population of SGK/KU-4770. The QTLs were found at the Ppd-1 loci on chromosomes 2B and 2D and the 2B QTL was also confirmed in another F2 population of SGK/KU-180. The Ppd-D1 allele from SGK and the Ppd-B1 alleles from the two Nepalese varieties might be causal for early-flowering phenotype. The SGK Ppd-D1 allele contained a 2-kb deletion in the 5′ upstream region, indicating a photoperiod-insensitive Ppd-D1a allele. Real-time PCR analysis estimating the Ppd-B1 copy number revealed that the two Nepalese varieties included two intact Ppd-B1 copies, putatively resulting in photoperiod insensitivity and an early-flowering phenotype. The two photoperiod-insensitive Ppd-1 homoeoalleles could independently contribute to segregation of early-flowering individuals in the two F2 populations. Therefore, wheat landraces are genetic resources for discovery of alleles useful for improving wheat heading or flowering times. 相似文献
92.
Nan Su San Masahiro Yamashita Shunsuke Adachi Takanari Tanabata Taiichiro Ookawa 《Plant Production Science》2013,16(4):302-310
ABSTRACTLeaf erectness is an important agronomic trait for improving canopy photosynthesis in rice. It is well known that leaf inclination angle (LIA) decreases after expansion during ripening. However, the high-yielding indica cultivar ‘Takanari’ retains a greater LIA during ripening than the high-quality japonica cultivar ‘Koshihikari’. To clarify the cause of the cultivar difference in LIA, we investigated anatomical characteristics of the lamina joint of a flag leaf. We found a close linear correlation between LIA at the centre and at the base of the leaf blade in both cultivars during ripening. The length of the lamina joint increased significantly more on the adaxial side of a leaf (the margin of the collar) than on the abaxial side (the abaxial side of the central part of the collar) in ‘Koshihikari’ after leaf expansion, but there was no clear difference in ‘Takanari’. We found a close linear correlation between the ratio of lamina joint length on the adaxial to abaxial sides and LIA in ‘Koshihikari’ and ‘Takanari’ during ripening. In ‘Koshihikari’, the average length of cells on the adaxial side increased significantly after leaf expansion, with no significant increase in that on the abaxial side and no significant change in cell number on either side. In ‘Takanari’, cell length and cell number showed no significant changes on either side of the lamina joint. We conclude that the cultivar difference in LIA during ripening is caused mainly by cell elongation on the adaxial side of the lamina joint.List of Abbreviations: k: light extinction coefficient; LIA: leaf inclination angle; QTL: quantitative trait locus 相似文献
93.
94.
Clubroot disease, caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae Woronin, affects various cruciferous crops. Variations in pathogenicity and virulence are present among field populations of P. brassicae. Many races (pathotypes) have been reported in Japan as well as in other countries using various differential systems. Populations can be classified into four pathotypes using two clubroot-resistant (CR) cultivars of Chinese cabbage as differential hosts in Japan. However, it was recently indicated that each population is often heterogenic and composed of multiple genotypes (races or pathotypes). Breakdown in CR cultivars of Chinese cabbage is a problem in some areas of Japan and may contribute to the selective propagation of minor pathogenic genotypes on the CR cultivars. Clubroot has also been recorded on five species of cruciferous weeds in Japan. In particular, clubroot of Cardamine flexuosa is widely distributed in Japan. Some populations of C. flexuosa are often moderately pathogenic on Chinese cabbage and turnip. Therefore, the epidemiological relationship between clubroot of cruciferous crops and that of the weed has been noted but not thoroughly clarified. The relationship between pathogenic and genetic variations has also been examined among populations from cruciferous crops and weeds in Japan. The result implies an interesting genetic relationship among Williams’ races, among pathotypes determined using CR cultivars of Chinese cabbage and among populations from crops and C. flexuosa. This review includes an introduction of the status of studies on pathogenic and genetic diversity in P. brassicae from Japan. 相似文献
95.
Kazutaka Kido Rie Adachi Masaru Hasegawa Kazutaka Yano Yasufumi Hikichi Shigeharu Takeuchi Tae Atsuchi Yuichi Takikawa 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2008,74(4):302-312
An internal fruit rot with a malodor was found in netted melons (Cucumis melo L.) in commercial greenhouses in Kochi Prefecture, Japan, in 1998, despite their healthy appearance and lack of water-soaking
or brown spots on the surface. A yellow bacterium was consistently isolated from the affected fruits. To confirm the pathogenicity
of eight representative isolates of the yellow bacterium, we stub-inoculated ovaries (immature-fruits) 5–7 days after artificial
pollination, with a pin smeared with bacteria. After the melon fruits had grown for 60 more days, an internal fruit rot resembling
the natural infection appeared, and the inoculated bacterium was reisolated. The melon isolates had properties identical with
Pantoea ananatis, such as gram-negative staining, facultative anaerobic growth, indole production, phenylalanine deaminase absence, and acid
production from melibiose, sorbitol, glycerol, and inositol. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rDNA sequences showed that
the melon bacterium positioned closely with known P. ananatis strains. The melon bacterium had indole acetic acid (IAA) biosynthesis genes (iaaM and iaaH) and a cytokinin biosynthesis gene (etz). The bacterium could be distinguished from the other ‘Pantoea’ group strains by rep-PCR genomic fingerprinting. From these results, the causal agent of internal fruit rot was identified
as a strain of P.ananatis [Serrano in (Philipp J Sci 36:271–305, 1928); Mergaert et al. in (Int J Syst Bacteriol 43:162–173, 1993)].
The nucleotide sequence data reported are available in the DDBJ database under accessions AB297969, AB373739, AB373740, AB373741,
AB373742, AB373743 and AB373744. 相似文献
96.
Kohsuke Adachi Kentaro Toriyama Tamaki Azekura Katsuji Morioka Prasert Tongnunui Kou Ikejima 《Fisheries Science》2012,78(6):1309-1314
Mangrove crabs play a crucial role in the carbon cycle in forests by consuming large amounts of mangrove litter, which is mainly composed of cellulose. However, the detailed mechanism of cellulose digestion remains to be elucidated. We tested endogenous hepatopancreatic cellulase activity in eight species of crabs, including three mangrove sesarmid crabs (Episesarma versicolor, Perisesarma indiarum, and Episesarma palawanense) native to Thailand. Endo-??-1,4-glucanase activity was significantly higher in the enzyme extract from mangrove crabs than in that from Japanese marsh crabs. A ??-glucosidase assay revealed particularly high endo-??-1,4-glucanase activity for E. versicolor, whereas little activity was observed for the Japanese marsh crabs. In a zymogram analysis for endo-??-1,4-glucanase activity, endo-??-1,4-glucanase had a similar molecular mass (30.7?C33.1?kDa) among the mangrove crabs, whereas various sizes (44.3?C84.8?kDa) were found in Japanese crabs depending on the species. These results suggest that mangrove crabs efficiently digest cellulose endogenously. 相似文献
97.
Genome size (C value) is an important index for phylogenetic studies. Haliotidae (abalones) includes many species widely distributed throughout the world??s oceans, which makes this family interesting for phylogenetic studies. To examine Haliotidae phylogeny, we determined the C value and adenine and thymine base pair content (AT?%) of Haliotis discus hannai and H.?diversicolor aquatilis by using flow cytometry. The C values of H.?discus hannai and H.?diversicolor aquatilis were 1.84 and 1.45?pg, with AT?% of 62.3 and 66.3?%, respectively. These data represent the first report of abalones classified as Pacific Northwest (H.?discus hannai) and Indo-Pacific (H.?diversicolor aquatilis) groups, and provides new validation for previous theories related to Haliotidae phylogeny. 相似文献
98.
Maha Laksha Mudiyanselage Chandrika Dissanayake Rumi Kashima Shuhei Tanaka Shin-ichi Ito 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2009,75(2):125-130
Thirty isolates of Fusarium oxysporum from wilted Welsh onion plants were examined for their diversity in nucleotide sequences of the ribosomal DNA (rDNA) intergenic
spacer (IGS) region and for pathogenicity with regard to five Welsh onion cultivars. Phylogenetic analysis based on the IGS
sequences revealed polyphyletic origins of the isolates and a relationship between phylogeny and pathogenicity; low virulence
isolates differed genetically from those with high and moderate virulence. Mating type analysis revealed that all F. oxysporum isolates were MAT1-1 idiomorphs, suggesting that the pathogens may be clonal in the fields examined. 相似文献
99.
Maha Laksha Mudiyanselage Chandrika Dissanayake Rumi Kashima Shuhei Tanaka Shin-ichi Ito 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2009,75(1):37-45
Thirty-two isolates of Fusarium species were obtained from wilted Welsh onion (Allium fistulosum) grown on nine farms from six regions in Japan and identified as F. oxysporum (18 isolates), F. verticillioides (7 isolates), and F. solani (7 isolates). The pathogenicity of 32 isolates was tested on five commercial cultivars of Welsh onion and two cultivars of
bulb onion in a seedling assay in a greenhouse. The Fusarium isolates varied in the degree of disease severity on the cultivars. Five F. oxysporum isolates (08, 15, 17, 22, and 30) had a higher virulence on the cultivars than the other isolates. The host range of these
five isolates was limited to Allium species. Molecular characterization of Fusarium isolates was performed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis of the
internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of ribosomal DNA. The 32 isolates were grouped into eight types (four types for
F. oxysporum, one for F. verticillioides, and three for F. solani). Restriction patterns of the ITS region were not related to pathogenicity. However, the haplotypes obtained with five enzymes
(RsaI, HinfI, HaeIII, ScrFI, and MspI) and the phylogenetic analysis permitted the discernment of the three Fusarium species. The PCR-RFLP analysis should provide a rapid, simple method for differentiating Fusaruim species isolated from wilted Welsh onion in Japan. 相似文献
100.