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11.
Watanabe T Tomizawa S Mitsuya K Totoki Y Yamamoto Y Kuramochi-Miyagawa S Iida N Hoki Y Murphy PJ Toyoda A Gotoh K Hiura H Arima T Fujiyama A Sado T Shibata T Nakano T Lin H Ichiyanagi K Soloway PD Sasaki H 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,332(6031):848-852
Genomic imprinting causes parental origin-specific monoallelic gene expression through differential DNA methylation established in the parental germ line. However, the mechanisms underlying how specific sequences are selectively methylated are not fully understood. We have found that the components of the PIWI-interacting RNA (piRNA) pathway are required for de novo methylation of the differentially methylated region (DMR) of the imprinted mouse Rasgrf1 locus, but not other paternally imprinted loci. A retrotransposon sequence within a noncoding RNA spanning the DMR was targeted by piRNAs generated from a different locus. A direct repeat in the DMR, which is required for the methylation and imprinting of Rasgrf1, served as a promoter for this RNA. We propose a model in which piRNAs and a target RNA direct the sequence-specific methylation of Rasgrf1. 相似文献
12.
Shin-ichi Shimizu Takao Ito Takanori Miyoshi Yasunobu Tachibana Tsutae Ito 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2011,77(6):326-330
Universal primers to detect Satsuma dwarf virus (SDV), including distantly related strains Citrus mosaic virus (CiMV), Navel orange infectious mottling virus (NIMV), and
Hyuganatsu virus (HV), were tested in a convenient one-step RT-PCR assay. SDV was the most broadly detected using uSDVup/uSDVdo
primers that specifically targeted a nucleotide sequence in the 3′-noncoding region that is conserved in both segmented RNAs
1 and 2 of SDV among the tested primers. Nucleotide sequence analysis confirmed that the amplified RT-PCR products could be
derived from RNAs 1 or 2 of SDV variants, some of which had interesting genetic diversity. 相似文献
13.
Moon C Terashima S Shin T 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2004,66(8):1007-1009
The immunoreactivity of constitutive endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) was studied in the trigeminal ganglia (TG) of a crotaline snake, Trimeresurus flavoviridis. eNOS immunoreactivity was found in TG neurons of different sizes. The percentage of eNOS-positive TG neurons was significantly higher in the mandibular division than in the infrared-related divisions, the maxillary division and ophthalmic ganglion (p<0.001). These findings suggest that eNOS in the TG of crotaline snakes is involved in constitutive neurotransmission in the TG, and is minimally involved in processing in the infrared-sensory system. 相似文献
14.
15.
Eiji Hayashi Kazuya Iizuka Shin-ichi Sukeno Kohzo Kohno 《Journal of Forest Research》1998,3(2):119-122
We determined the survival rate of tree families produced by the intra- and interspecific crossing of larch species damaged
by browsing of vole (Clethrionomys rufocanus bedfordiae Thomas) and the contents of ether extracts (EE) in their bark. The average survival ofLarix gmelini var.japonica Pilg. (L. gmelini)×L. gmelini (G×G) was highest, followed by the hybridL. gmelini×L. leptolepis Gordon (G×L). The families of the hybrid G×L, which is considered suitable for silviculture in Hokkaido, Japan, showed significant
differences in survival rates, suggesting that it is possible to produce improved varieties of the hybrid which are more resistant
to vole browsing. The EE contents of the bark were under strong hereditary control, and the rank of the EE content among the
various families hardly fluctuated between the location of the test fields. The correlation coefficient between the survival
rates and the EE contents was highly significant (r=0.89,n=24,p<0.01), indicating that the EE content in the bark may be used as a possible index of resistance or susceptibility to vole
browsing in larch plantations.
A part of this report was presented at the 106th Annual Meeting of the Japanese Forestry Society, at Sapporo, April, 1995. 相似文献
16.
Kenji Minami Hiroki Yasuma Naoki Tojo Shin-ichi Fukui Yusuke Ito Takahiro Nobetsu Kazushi Miyashita 《Fisheries Science》2010,76(5):729-736
Sustainable management of the kelp forests of the Shiretoko Peninsula, a World Natural Heritage site, is necessary due to
kelp’s ecological and economic importance. The objectives of this study were to estimate the area of kelp forests and to clarify
their spatial characteristics in coastal waters of the Shiretoko Peninsula. Data on the presence/absence and thickness of
kelp forests were collected via acoustic observation on transects over about 80 km using an echosounder at 200 kHz. Acoustic
data were geostatistically interpolated, and the areas covered by kelp forests were estimated. Differences in kelp distribution
between the eastern and western sides of the peninsula were compared. The total area of kelp forest was 3.88 km2 (eastern area: 3.49 km2; western area: 0.39 km2). The range of thickness of the kelp forests was 34–91 cm. Many kelp forests in the eastern area were thick (>78 cm) and
distributed continuously, while kelp forests in the western area were sparsely distributed. 相似文献
17.
18.
Kohei Osaki Shozo Fujiyama Akiko Nakayama Yoshiaki Shimizu Shin-ichi Ito Shuhei Tanaka 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2008,74(4):281-288
The relation between diversity of pathogenicity on clubroot-resistant (CR) cultivars of Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis) bred in Japan and DNA polymorphisms in 17 populations of Plasmodiophora brassicae from cruciferous plants was examined by inoculation tests and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis using 18 arbitrary
primers. Four pathotypes (A–D) were identified after inoculation of six CR cultivars of Chinese cabbage in the 17 populations
from cruciferous crops. A relatively high level of genetic diversity was also detected among these populations in the RAPD
analysis. Although the four pathotypes could not be clearly differentiated using the RAPD data, most populations of three
pathotypes had a consistent location on the dendrogram. All pathotype B (virulent on five cultivars except Utage 70) and D
(avirulent on all cultivars) populations, which were common in incompatible interactions with cv. Utage 70, were located in
a single subcluster. All five pathotype C populations (virulent only on cv. Utage 70) except for one population grouped in
another single subcluster. Because four pathotype A populations (virulent on all six cultivars, races 4 and 9) fell in different
subclusters, the populations may be genetically polyphyletic. Populations from cruciferous weed Cardamine flexuosa differed remarkably from those from cruciferous crops in pathogenicity on common cultivars of Chinese cabbage and turnip
and C. flexuosa, but they grouped in a single cluster with all race 9 populations from crops. Race 9 populations from crops may thus be closely
related to populations from the weed rather than to races 1 and 4 from crops. 相似文献
19.
Fatma F. Abdel-Motaal Soad A. El-zayat Yuki Kosaka Magdi A. El-Sayed Rumi Kashima Yukie Maeda Mortada S. M. Nassar Shin-ichi Ito 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2010,76(2):102-111
The antifungal activities of hyoscyamine and scopolamine, major alkaloids extracted from the desert plant Hyoscyamus muticus, against two rice pathogens, Magnaporthe oryzae and Rhizoctonia solani, were studied. The minimum inhibitory concentration of hyoscyamine that resulted in distinctive inhibition (MIC50) was 1 μg/ml for both fungi. Exposure to hyoscyamine caused the leakage of electrolytes from the mycelia of both fungi. Hyoscyamine
(>1 μg/ml) irreversibly delayed or inhibited conidial germination and appressorium formation in M. oryzae grown on polystyrene plates. Hyoscyamine effectively inhibited the attachment of conidia to the surface of rice (Oryza sativa) leaves and inhibited appressorium formation on the leaves. A high concentration of scopolamine (1000 μg/ml) also delayed
or inhibited conidial germination in M. oryzae, but conidial germination was restored after washing the conidia with water. Antifungal activity of hyoscyamine was reduced
by scopolamine. Magnaporthe oryzae infection was significantly suppressed (by >95%) in leaves of intact rice plants treated with hyoscyamine (10 μg/ml). Moreover,
10 μg hyoscyamine/ml significantly reduced the disease severity index for sheath blight to ≤0.2, when compared with the disease
index of control plants (>7.0). Hyoscyamine (>20 μg/ml) completely inhibited sclerotial germination and development of R. solani by delaying the initiation, maturation, and melanization of the sclerotia. These results suggest that tropane alkaloids may
be useful for controlling blast and sheath blight diseases of rice and for studying the mechanisms that regulate conidial
germination in M. oryzae and sclerotial germination and development in R. solani. 相似文献
20.
Fatma F. Abdel-Motaal Magdi A. El-Sayed Soad A. El-Zayat Mortada S. M. Nassar Shin-ichi Ito 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2010,76(5):358-361
Floral rot of Egyptian henbane (Hyoscyamus muticus L.) was found on potted plants in a greenhouse in Yamaguchi city, Japan, in the late summer of 2008 and 2009. The symptoms
were identical to those of rots caused by Choanephora species. The pathogen was isolated and identified as C. cucurbitarum (Berkeley and Ravenel) Thaxter. This new disease was named Choanephora rot (Kougai-kabi-byo) of Egyptian henbane. 相似文献