精异丙甲草胺苗前封闭处理对大豆苗期生长及其生理生化指标的影响

为明确精异丙甲草胺苗前封闭处理对大豆苗期生长及其生理生化指标的影响,通过室内试验,测定大豆幼苗在不同浓度精异丙甲草胺处理后28 d的相关农艺性状及各生理生化指标。结果表明,1 224 g(a.i.)/hm~2精异丙甲草胺处理对大豆生长的促进效果最好,可使植株显著增高27.06%,根显著增长10.53%,茎叶鲜重显著增加35.62%、干重显著增加33.33%,根系鲜重显著增加70.45%。大豆叶片叶绿素含量随药剂浓度的增加而降低,但在383~1 530 g(a.i.)/hm~2内与对照无显著差异;各药剂处理浓度均可增强大豆叶片过氧化物酶活性,其中3 060 g(a.i.)/hm~2处理最高,比对照显著增强32.10%;在765、1 224 g(a.i.)/hm~2浓度下均可增强过氧化氢酶和超氧化物歧化酶的活性,1 224 g(a.i.)/hm~2处理时分别比对照提高20.72%和2.88%。表明精异丙甲草胺苗前封闭处理在一定使用浓度范围内对大豆苗期植株生长有显著促进作用,对其叶绿素合成无显著影响,可有效提高抗氧化酶活性,是一种对大豆田环境友好且安全性高的除草剂。     

Monitoring and characterization of resistance development of strawberry Phomopsis leaf blight to fungicides

From 2005 to 2009, a total of 479 single-conidial isolates of Phomopsis obscurans were collected from strawberry. The isolates were characterized for their resistance to benzimidazole fungicides, diethofencarb, and sterol demethylation inhibitors (DMIs). Low-level DMI resistant isolates (DMI-LR) and two types of benzimidazole-resistant (Ben R) isolates, Ben R1 (benzimidazole-resistant and diethofencarb -sensitive) and Ben R2 (benzimidazole-resistant and diethofencarb -resistant), were detected. Both Ben R and DMI-LR isolates exhibited comparable growth, sporulation, and pathogenicity with the sensitive isolates. No significant difference in growth at low temperature was observed between Ben R and benzimidazole-sensitive (Ben S) isolates. Ben R1 was caused by a point mutation from GAG to GTG at codon 198 in the β-tubulin gene in Ben S isolates, predicted to cause a change from glutamic acid to valine. Ben R2 was induced by a point mutation from TTC to TAC at codon 200 in the β-tubulin gene in Ben S isolates.     

加拿大双低菜粕对奶牛产奶性能的影响

试验主要研究了加拿大双低菜粕对奶牛产奶性能的影响,为加拿大双低油菜籽粕在奶牛生产中的科学应用提供理论依据和实践指导。试验采用单因素完全随机设计,选择32头荷斯坦奶牛,按年龄、体重、胎次、泌乳期与产奶量随机分组。试验包括2部分。第一部分,日粮粗蛋白含量为14.5%,将16头奶牛随机分为对照组与双低菜粕组,每组8头牛,对照组不饲喂双低菜粕,双低菜粕组在精饲料中添加10%的双低菜粕,替代精饲料中全部的豆粕和棉粕。第二部分,日粮粗蛋白含量为12.5%,将16头奶牛随机分为对照组与双低菜粕组,每组8头牛,对照组不饲喂双低菜粕,双低菜粕组在精饲料中添加5%的双低菜粕,替代精饲料中全部的豆粕和棉粕。试验期75 d,其中预饲期15 d,正饲期60 d。结果表明:蛋白含量为14.5%的双低菜粕组可以提高产奶量,在整个试验期内,平均每头奶牛每天多产奶0.76 kg,对乳成分没有显著影响(P0.05),与对照组相比,双低菜粕组的平均乳脂量、乳蛋白量显著增加(P0.05)。在奶牛日粮中蛋白含量为12.5%时,双低菜粕组对奶牛产奶性能没有显著的影响(P0.05)。因此合理使用加拿大双低菜粕提高奶牛产奶性能,从而提高经济效益。     

The chemotaxis regulator <Emphasis Type="Italic">pilG</Emphasis> of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Xylella fastidiosa</Emphasis> is required for virulence in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Vitis vinifera</Emphasis> grapevines

Type IV pili of X. fastidiosa are regulated by pilG, a response regulator protein putatively involved in chemotaxis-like operon sensing stimuli through signal transduction pathways. To elucidate the roles of pilG in pathogenicity of X. fastidiosa, the pilG-deletion mutant XfΔpilG and complemented strain XfΔpilG-C were generated. While all strains had similar growth curves in vitro, XfΔpliG showed significant reduction in cell-matrix adherence and biofilm production compared with wild-type X. fastidiosa and XfΔpilG-C. The genes pilE, pilU, pilT, and pilS were down-regulated in XfΔpliG when compared with its complemented strain and wild-type X. fastidiosa. Finally, no Pierce’s disease symptoms were observed in grapevines inoculated with XfΔpilG, whereas grapevines inoculated with the wild-type X. fastidiosa and complemented strain of XfΔpilG-C developed typical Pierce’s Disease (PD) symptoms. The results indicate that pilG has a role in X. fastidiosa virulence in grapevines.     

重金属铅对绢毛委陵菜光合特性及荧光参数的影响

为探讨不同浓度重金属Pb²⁺胁迫对绢毛委陵菜（Potentilla sericea L.>）光合特性及荧光参数的影响,本文采用盆栽的方法,通过对绢毛委陵菜净光合速率（Pn）、蒸腾速率（Tr）、气孔导度（Gs）、胞间CO₂浓度（Ci）等多项指标的测定,并对其变化规律做了比较研究。结果表明：绢毛委陵菜胞间CO₂浓度（Ci）随Pb²⁺胁迫时间的延长及胁迫浓度的增大呈上升趋势,而净光合速率（Pn）、蒸腾速率（Tr）、气孔导度（Gs）变化趋势与胞间CO₂浓度（Ci）变化趋势相反;Pb²⁺胁迫50 d时PSⅡ潜在活性（Fv/Fo）、最大光化学效率（Fv/Fm）均随胁迫浓度的增大逐渐降低;绢毛委陵菜在Pb²⁺浓度为300 mg·kg^-1、600 mg·kg^-1时能够生存,但生长缓慢。研究表明随着铅浓度的提高,铅通过影响植物的非气孔限制来影响绢毛委陵菜的光合特性。     

冷冻干燥法制备速溶植酸酶的研究

采用毕赤酵母发酵制备酶液,膜超滤浓缩、硫酸铵盐析法沉淀酶蛋白,结合冷冻干燥法制得速溶型植酸酶。结果表明,对酶活力达19 500U/ml的发酵液进行浓缩后,以70%饱和度的硫酸铵进行盐析,分离后的酶蛋白经过冷冻干燥得到活力为500 000U/g的植酸酶,速溶性好,溶解后清亮透明。酶的冻干粉50℃保存90d内酶活力仍能维持96%以上的活力。为高酶活速溶植酸酶的工业化生产提供了一条可行的思路。     

木瓜芳香物质固相微萃取GC - MS分析

木瓜[Chaenomeles sinensis(Thouin.)Koehne]新鲜果实所特有的芳香物质组成研究较少。固相微萃取方法(SPME)对园艺产品挥发性成分分析〔1,2〕有着广泛的应用前景。为了阐明木瓜芳香物质化学组成及合理开发利用木瓜资源,本试验采用固相微萃取技术并结合GC-MS法对木瓜挥发性芳香物质进行了分析研究。光皮木瓜(C.sinensis)2005年10月分别取自陕西杨凌及陕西白河,新鲜成熟果实,冷藏保存。手动固相微萃取(SPME)进样器,100μm PDMS萃取头(美国Supelco公司),使用前先将萃取头在气相色谱仪的进样口250℃老化30min,取2～3个木瓜置于密封的纸…     

Improvement of water-stability of clay aggregates admixed with aqueous polymer soil stabilizers

Aqueous soil stabilizers improve soil properties. Water-stability of soil aggregates was determined using two different soil stabilizers: S-type and E-type. Various concentrations of the two soil stabilizers were tested in soil aggregates that were bigger than 5 mm but smaller than 10 mm. Testing the aggregates using the static water-measure method showed that the water-stability index, K, increased with the concentrations of soil stabilizers. S-type soil stabilizer in concentrations ranging between 20% and 40% resulted in K-values between 64.0% and 83.8%, and E-type polymer emulsions in concentrations between 3% and 7% resulted in K-values between 90.1% and 99.7% respectively. The soil aggregates admixed with water resulted in a K-value of 11.5%, which was tested as a control. Two aggregate collapse models were found and discussed based on the collapse characteristics of the modified aggregates: S-type soil stabilizer in low concentrations follows a gradual collapse pattern, while S-type stabilizer in high concentrations and E-type stabilizer in low concentrations follow an explosive collapse pattern. These patterns depend on the formation of a membrane structure on the surface of the aggregates through physicochemical bonding. By identifying the mechanisms of the membrane structure and calculating the K-values, significant information on the improvement of soil properties can be determined.     

对女大学生体育兴趣结构成因的探讨

本文运用问卷法和访谈法进行实际调查，对所获得的资料以逻辑分析法进行综合分析。试图通过对女大学生兴趣结构成因的分析，探索女大学生身心发展规律，提高她们对体育兴趣的稳定性，培养女大学生的终身体育观念     

Screening, identification, and potential interaction of active compounds from Eucommia ulmodies leaves binding with bovine serum albumin

The aqueous extract of Eucommia ulmoides leaves has been commonly known as Du-zhong tea as a functional health food for the treatment of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and fatty liver. This study developed a centrifugal ultrafiltration-high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for screening and identification of bioactive compounds in E. ulmoides leaves binding with bovine serum albumin (BSA). Six active compounds were screened, isolated, and elucidated by their ultraviolet (UV), electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data as geniposidic acid (1), caffeic acid (2), chlorogenic acid (3), quercetin-3-O-sambubioside (4), rutin (5), and isoquercitrin (6). The interaction between active compounds and BSA was investigated in the absence and presence of other compounds by quenching the intrinsic BSA fluorescence. The results indicated that the structures significantly affected the binding process. The values of binding constants for compounds 2-6 were in the range of 10(5)-10(6) mol L(-1), while geniposidic acid (1) hardly quenching the BSA intrinsic fluorescence. However, the quenching process of geniposidic acid was easily affected in the presence of other active compounds. The formation of the geniposidic acid-phenylpropanoid (flavonoid) complex could increase the binding affinity of geniposidic acid with BSA; however, the increased steric hindrance of the complex may make phenylpropanoid or flavonoid dissociate from BSA and then decrease their affinities.