喷雾机喷杆有限元模态分析与结构优化

在ANSYS中建立了喷杆的参数化有限元模型,并验证了模型的准确性。根据喷杆的模态分析结果在ANSYS中对喷杆结构进行了优化,在质量增加8.4%的情况下,喷杆一阶固有频率从9.16 Hz增加到了10.41 Hz,避开了路面激励的频率区间。结合ADAMS对喷杆优化前、后作业时的弹性变形作了对比,结果表明:优化前喷杆末端在水平方向最大弹性变形Dbmax为39.6 mm,均方根为12.6 mm;优化后喷杆在水平方向最大弹性变形Damax为10.1 mm,均方根为2.9 mm,喷杆经过优化后其水平方向弹性变形明显减小。     

温室测控系统开关设备优化组合预测控制方法

考虑开关设备组合作用下温室测控系统的非线性动态特性,提出了结构简单、不需复杂数值计算的离散预测模型,在不小于最大时滞时域内设备组合不变情况下,对设备组合进行滚动优化预测控制,从而大大简化了温室测控系统预测控制算法的复杂性,缓解了测控系统分布大时滞问题。仿真分析和温度的均方差表明,对分布式、大时延温室测控系统的优化组合预测控制方法是有效的。     

磁化水在农业上的应用

介绍了磁化作用后水的物化特性的变化,分别从磁化水灌溉可以促进种子萌发与幼苗生长、可以提高产量,改善土壤盐碱性,提高水资源利用率等方面介绍了磁化水在农业上的应用,并从分子团大小的角度分析了磁化水作用的机理,同时对各种磁化方式进行了对比分析,最后介绍了磁化水处理技术的广泛应用前景。      

水稻多组分双向反射模型的建立

在作物多组分双向反射模型的基础上，基于辐射传输原理和水稻群丛结构特征，特别是考虑水稻不同生长时期的特点，建立了水稻的多组分双向反射模型。模拟与实测结果的比较表明：模型基本上能反映水稻多组分反射光谱的角度分布特征，特别是较准确地模拟水稻不同生长期，不同太阳天顶角下，“热点”的右移和乳熟期前向反射中的反射高峰点。分蘖期和抽穗期，水稻冠层“热点”效应在水稻各组分的平均倾角约37°左右时达到最大，然后随平均倾角的增大，“热点”效应明显减弱。从数学的角度，模型计算值与实测值通过了t-检验，证明模拟值是可接受的。     

Effects of spraying rare earths on contents of rare Earth elements and effective components in tea

Rare earth (RE) fertilizer is widely applied in China to increase the yield and the quality of crops including tea. However, the effects of spraying RE fertilizer on the contents of rare earth elements (REE) and effective components in tea are unknown. The results from basin and field experiments show that the values of the REE concentrations in new shoots of tea plants and the concentration of REE in the soil (REE/REEs) either from control basins or from treatment basins were smaller than those in other parts of tea plant and similar between control and treatment. The longer the interval between spraying RE fertilizer and picking the shoots of tea plants, the less the effects from spraying. About 80% summation operator REE (the sum of the concentrations of 15 REE) in tea, whether it came from spraying or not, was insoluble in the infusion. About 10% the soluble REE of summation operator REE in tea infusion was bound to polysaccharide, and the amount of REE bound polysaccharide decreased over time. At least a 25 day safety interval is needed between spraying and picking if the microelement fertilizer is used, in order to enhance tea output and to ensure tea safety.     

关于发展农业节水灌溉的建议

本文提出了农业节水的关键是：节水的主要潜力在河水灌　区，要按农业用水需要量控制灌溉水量，要在河水灌区积极开发利用浅层地下水和微咸水，　发展井渠结合灌溉的统一管理并改革水价．     

水稻籽粒库强与其淀粉积累之间关系的研究

本试验以源限制型水稻品种亚优2号、献改优63和汕优63为材料，研究籽粒发育过程中籽粒库强与其淀粉积累之间的关系。结果表明：（1）强、弱势粒淀粉积累与其胚乳细胞的数目密切相关，两者表现出明显的同步性；（2）强势粒蔗糖合成酶、腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶和淀粉合成酶最大活性高峰出现时间显著早于弱势粒的出现时间，     

Using shallow saline groundwater for irrigation and regulating for soil salt-water regime

Drought and fresh water shortage are the main limiting factorsfor sustainable development of agriculture in North China Plain.Using saline water for irrigation plays important role forovercoming the constraints and increasing crops yields. Theexploitation and utilization of shallow saline groundwaterenables to regulate the groundwater depth and to promote thetransform of precipitation into available water resources.Thispaper reviews the research and practice on the utilization ofshallow saline groundwater in the part east of South GreatCanal in Haihe River Plain. Findings are presented on the useof saline water, cycling and blending of saline and fresh waterfor irrigation, indexing of crops salt tolerances, regulating forsoil salt-water regime, saline-alkali land reclamation andgroundwater quality freshening. These approaches help therational regulation and utilization of the local water resourcesfor comprehensive control of drought, waterlogging and salinity.     

杉木分级催化热解-气质联用实验分析

利用热解-气质联用仪对杉木进行了分级催化热解实验,考察温度和催化剂对热解产物组成和含量的影响。结果表明第1级300℃热解产物种类较少,以有机抽提物为主,而第2级500℃热解产物种类较多。ZSM-5和MCM-41两种催化剂都降低了热解产物中羰基化合物和大分子木质素热解产物的质量分数。ZSM-5降低了热解产物乙酸的质量分数,并形成大量芳香烃;而MCM-41提高了热解产物中乙酸和糠醛的质量分数。     

计算机视觉技术在农业领域的应用

綜述了计算机视觉技术在监测农作物生长、诊断农作物营养元素、种质资源研究、预测预报病虫草害、农产品收获和检测等方面的应用;介绍了国外对计算机视觉在农业领域中应用的研究动态;分析了我国在这方面研究存在的问题,并就计算机视觉在农业领域应用前景进行了展望.