不同饵料对中华虎头蟹幼体发育和存活率的影响

为探讨中华虎头蟹苗种繁育过程中饵料及投喂的影响,进行了不同饵料对中华虎头蟹溞状幼体和大眼幼体生长发育和存活的影响实验。实验结果,中华虎头蟹各期幼体生长发育效果较好的饵料为动物性饵料,Z1期以卤虫无节幼体为开口饵料,只投喂扁藻后期幼体发育较差;Z2以轮虫和卤虫无节幼体的搭配为好;Z3期则以轮虫为适宜饵料;M期投喂卤虫无节幼体效果相对较好。     

Dietary α‐linolenic acid affects lipid metabolism and tissue fatty acid profile and induces apoptosis in intraperitoneal adipose tissue of juvenile grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)

A 56‐day feeding trial was conducted to elucidate the effects and mechanism action of dietary α‐linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3n‐3) on lipid accumulation and fatty acid profile of muscle, hepatopancreas and intraperitoneal fat (IPF) in juvenile grass carp using three isonitrogenous and isoenergetic semi‐purified diets containing 0.0% (control group), 1.0% and 2.0% ALA, respectively. The lowest intraperitoneal fat (IPF) ratio was found in 2.0% group. In the muscle, hepatopancreas and IPF, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n‐3) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n‐3) contents increased with the increase in dietary ALA. In the IPF, caspase 3, caspase 8 and caspase 9 showed the highest activities in 2.0% group, while the value of Bcl‐2/Bax (B‐cell leukaemia 2/Bcl‐2‐associated X protein) reached the lowest. Meanwhile, swelling of the IPF mitochondria was observed in 2.0% group. The gene expressions of fatty acid desaturase (FAD) and fatty acid elongase (ELO) in the hepatopancreas and muscle showed significantly higher levels in the treatment groups, whereas an opposite trend was existed in the IPF. Fatty acid synthase (FAS), sterol regulatory element binding protein‐1c (SREBP‐1c) in the IPF and hepatopancreas reached the lowest in 2.0% group. Overall, dietary ALA could promote n‐3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFAs) synthesis and suppress the accumulation of lipid by decreasing the expression of related genes and promoting the apoptosis in IPF.     

网箱三级分养培育翘嘴红鲌冬片鱼种技术

翘嘴红鲌(Erythroculter ilishaeformis)属鲤科、鲌亚科、红鲌属,为长江流域的优质经济鱼类之一,是淡水水产品中较高档的鱼类,其肉质细嫩、味道鲜美,深受消费者的欢迎. 翘嘴红鲌具有食性广、生长速度快、水温适应范围广、成活率高等特点.目前已在江浙一带广泛养殖,并收到良好的经济效益.2003年,我们在浙江省千岛湖东南湖区的坪山养鱼区,采用网箱三级分养方法培育翘嘴红鲌冬片鱼种,收到了良好的效果,现总结如下,供广大网箱养殖户参考.     

河南省鳙养殖群体的遗传多样性与选择压力分析

为了解人工养殖和选育活动对鳙(Hypophthalmichthys nobilis)遗传多样性的影响,利用线粒体COI基因对河南省鳙养殖群体的遗传多样性进行研究。165个样品共检测出14个单倍型,平均单倍型多样性为0.862 37,平均核苷酸多样性为0.002 23。AMOVA分析显示,大多数遗传变异存在于鳙群体内(97.65%),群体间的遗传变异为4.60%。系统发育树结果表明,养殖鳙群体交叉在一起,没有形成明显的地理格局分布。选择压力分析推测鳙养殖群体主要受到纯化选择作用,说明当前的人工选择对鳙线粒体基因的影响有限。河南省鳙养殖群体的遗传多样性差异较大,可能与其地理距离、异地引种有关。     

Effects of different arginine/lysine level on growth performance,body composition and digestive enzyme activity of Macrobrachium rosenbergii

Given the universal presence of antagonism between arginine and lysine, determining the optimal dietary arginine/lysine level is of great importance. In this study, eight diets were formulated to contain different arginine/lysine level, followed by a 9‐week feeding trial with shrimps of 2.10 ± 0.01 cm in length and 0.38 ± 0.02 g in weight to determine the effect of dietary arginine/lysine level on growth performance, body composition and enzyme activity. The results showed that the Diet 6 (arginine/lysine level of 29.4/21.0 g/kg) group had significantly higher weight gain rate, and specific growth rate than the control group and most of the other groups (p < .05) did. Similarly, the retention efficiency of arginine and lysine in the Diet 6 group was significantly higher than the control group and most of the other groups (p < .05). Moreover, most digestive enzymes had higher activity levels in the Diet 6 group, and evident antagonism between dietary arginine and lysine was detected. In summary, dietary arginine/lysine level of 29.4/21.0 g/kg produced the best growth performance, suggesting that a better growth performance in Macrobrachium rosenbergii culture can be obtained by adjusting the dietary arginine/lysine level.     

中药替代PHA体内注射获取大量鱼类肾细胞中期分裂相

报道以党参、当归和黄芪煎汁液替代PHA体内注射,促使鱼类肾淋巴细胞转化、分裂、增殖,以获取大量中期分裂相,制备染色体标本的方法。作者对三批30条胡子鲶的实验结果表明:党参、当归和黄芪煎汁液体内注射同样具有刺激肾细胞有丝分裂的作用.     

海蜇的生活史

本文概述了海蜇Rhopilema esculenta Kishinouye自受精卵、浮浪幼虫、螅状体、横裂体、碟状体至幼水母各发育阶段的形态学变化。首次报告了这个种的生活史。     

饲料中添加"健肝散"预防丁(鱼岁)脂肪肝的作用

研究了在饲料中添加"健肝散"预防丁(鱼岁)(Tinca tinca)脂肪肝的作用.采用"健肝散"添加量分别为0 1%、0.2%、0.4%的饲料进行丁(鱼岁)养殖试验,试验周期为40 d,观察"健肝散"对其生长指标、血清主要生理、生化指标的影响.结果表明,当"健肝散"添加量为0.4%时,丁(鱼岁)的增重率、相对生长率和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇最高,肝脏脂肪含量最低,与空白对照组相比有显著差异(P＜0.05),与氯化胆碱组均无显著差异(P＞0.05);血浆中胆固醇、甘油三酯含量最高,与空白对照组相比有显著差异(P＜0.05),与氯化胆碱组有显著差异(P＜0.05);谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶、乳酸脱氢酶的活性较低,与空白对照组相比有显著差异(P＜0.05),其中乳酸脱氢酶的活性显著低于氯化胆碱组(P＜0.05).当"健肝散"添加量为0.2%和0.4%时,肝体比均较低,与空白对照组相比有显著差异(P＜0.05),与氯化胆碱组无显著差异(P＞0.05);添加量为0.1%、0.2%和0.4%时,低密度脂蛋白胆固醇均较高,与空白对照组相比有显著差异(P＜0.05),与氯化胆碱组无显著差异(P＞0.05).在本研究条件下,丁(鱼岁)饲料中添加0.4%的"健肝散"时,可有效预防其脂肪肝疾病.     

东海带鱼摄食习性、饵料基础及与渔场的关系

本文对东海主要渔场中带鱼Trichiurus lepturus Linnaeus的摄食习性、饵料浮游生物的群落结构及数量分布等进行了阐述和分析，并对其与渔场间的关系进行了探讨。研究结果表明，东海带鱼是一种以磷虾等甲壳动物和小型鱼类等为主食，并兼食头足类、毛颚动物等的杂食性鱼类。研究结果还阐明浮游动物生物量及磷虾等的数量分布同东海带鱼渔场的位置变化和鱼群移动的关系密切，其中冬、春季浙江南部近海渔场；夏、秋季长江口及海礁、舟山等渔场，其关系尤为明显。     

中国对虾养成期间虾池水体和底质中细菌含量的变化

中国对虾养成期间虾池水体和底质中细菌含量的变化高尚德，陈旭仁，吴以平（青岛海洋大学，２６６００３）（青岛教育学院，２６６００１）关键词养虾池，细菌数量，变化ＶＡＲＩＡＴＩＯＮＯＦＴＯＴＡＬＢＡＣＴＥＲＩＡＮＵＭＢＥＲＩＮＳＨＲＩＭＰＰＯＮＤＷＡＴＥＲ...