Factors affecting cross protection of fusarium wilt of pigeon pea by soilborne nonpathogenic fungi

Preinoculation of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) seedlings with soilborne fungi nonpathogenic to pigeon pea, namely,Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.niveum; F. oxysporum f.sp.ciceris; F. solani f.sp.pisi; andCephalosporium sacchari, before challenge inoculation with the pathogenFusarium udum, or simultaneous inoculation of the seedlings with nonpathogen and pathogen was effective in controlling wilt of pigeon pea to a great extent. Inoculation with the nonpathogens before the challenge inoculation was more effective than simultaneous inoculation and gave up to 81.6% protection. The higher the spore concentration of the nonpathogenic fungi, the better was the degree of protection. The shorter the period was (in the range of 2–7 days) between nonpathogen inoculation and challenge inoculation, the greater was the degree of protection. Injury to the roots resulted in a decrease of the effect. Maximum disease reduction was obtained when the seedlings were kept at 20-30°C before inoculation; at 5°C and also at 40°C, protection was much less.     

宁夏盐池县沙边子试验基地生态效益评价

本文简要总结了沙边子试验基地九年来所做的主要工作，同时试用模糊数学方法采用三类评价指标１７个评价因子对基地整治前（１９８２年）和整治后（１９９０年）的生态效益给予综合对比评价。     

新疆畜牧业持续快速发展探讨

发展畜牧业是新疆农业生产的重要内容,根据物业生产和市场供求的实际情况,调整畜牧业生产布局,牧区建立育肥商品畜源基地,农区发展育肥,建立着牛肉生产基地;同时,建立各级粗精饲料生产供应网络,保证畜牧业低成本运转,促进新疆畜牧业持续快速发展。     

人工感染雏鹅新型病毒性肠炎的病理形态学发展规律的研究

40只2日龄四川白鹅口服感染雏鹅新型病毒性肠炎病毒，在不同阶段解剖发病和死亡雏鹅，电镜观察组织器官的病理变化发展规律，接种后第2天，十二指肠绒毛顶部上皮细胞发生坏死、脱落。随着感染时间延长，上皮细胞的坏死、脱落迅速向绒毛基部发展，并伴随固有膜炎性细胞浸润和坏死，病变向着空肠段发展，进一步发展为纤维素性坏死性肠炎，于小肠中后段形成假膜包裹肠内容物的栓塞物或直接由纤维素性渗出物与地不死肠粘膜混合凝固形成栓塞物阻塞肠腔，使外观膨大，肺充血和出血，肾充血、出血及肾小管上皮细胞变性。部分病例肝颗粒变性、脂肪变性，后期部分病例气管、腺胃上皮细胞脱落，早期部分病例心充血和出血，食道、胰腺及脑正常，电镜下可观察到小肠上皮细胞核畸形、固缩、核仁消失、核膜模糊和胞核崩解；胞浆严重空化，形成含有很多病毒粒子的“封入体”；粗面内质网扩张呈囊状，其上的核蛋白体严重脱落；线粒体外膜破裂或嵴断裂及空化，部分受到损害的线凿全充满大量的病毒粒子；形成肠道栓子的外层假膜有大量的病毒粒子、细菌以及坏死的肠上皮细胞，肝脏细胞粗面内质网严重扩张及部分线粒体肿胀、脊断裂；而心肌细胞粗面内质网的轻度扩张及胞核畸形。本文还对雏鹅新型病毒性肠炎与小鹅瘟的病理变化进行了比较分析。     

日粮蛋白质、赖氨酸、蛋氨酸及苏氯酸水平对早期断奶仔猪免疫机能的影响

本研究分两次试验进行 ,试验 1研究两个蛋白质水平 ( 1 8% ,2 0 % )及三个赖氨酸水平 ( 1 .0 % ,1 .3%和 1 .6 % )对机体免疫机能的影响 ;试验 2研究两个蛋氨酸水平 ( 0 .2 9% ,0 .39% )和三个苏氨酸水平( 0 .6 0 % ,0 .6 8%和 0 .76 % )对机体免疫机能的影响。试验日粮均为简单型日粮 ,试验动物为早期断奶仔猪 ,其日龄体重分别为 2 5± 3日、6 .78± 0 .0 8kg与 2 6± 1日龄、6 .6 8± 0 .0 4kg。测定不同蛋白质和氨基酸水平下 ,免疫器官重量、淋巴细胞数量及组成、血液IgG效价、注射PHA皮褶厚度变化及SRBC(绵羊红细胞 )免疫后抗体效价。结果表明 ,日粮不同蛋白质和赖氨酸水平对血清IgG效价无影响 ,在皮褶厚度的变化的影响上 ,两者交互作用极显著 (P <0 .0 1 )。苏氨酸及蛋氨酸的不同水平显著影响血液中IgG效价及抗SRBC抗体效价 (P <0 .0 5) ,机体免疫机能最佳时适宜的蛋白质、赖氨酸、蛋氨酸及苏氨酸水平分别为 1 8% ,1 .3% ,0 .39%及 0 .6 8%。     

樟子松松针锈病病原菌——春孢子形态及酯酶同工酶变异

樟子松松针锈病病原菌——鞘锈菌（Ｃｏｌｅｏｓｐｏｒｉｕｍ）的分类历来很乱。传统的分类方法都是依冬孢子形态和冬孢子寄主来进行的。但近年的研究表明１种鞘锈菌的春孢子可以侵染２种或２种以上的冬孢子寄主，所以按冬孢子寄主来划分鞘锈菌的种是不合理的。文中在病害症状观察和春孢子表面形态观察的基础上，首次对樟子松３种不同形态的春孢子的酯酶同工酶进行了分析，从而为鞘锈菌的分子分类学研究奠定了基础。     

关于随机小修费用模型的最优维修策略

采用变分方法考察了具有随机小费用的可修模型的维修策略问题，推导出了依赖年龄的最倨费用界维修策略所满足的微分方程及其边界条件。从而得到了费用界策略形式下的最优。对于包含预防性更换的可修模型也同样得到了费用界－预更换策略形式下的最优解。     

Thermochemical decomposition of water based on reactions of chromium and barium compounds

A potentially useful thermochemical cycle developed for the production of hydrogen and oxygen from water consists of three chemical reactions that take place in the temperature range from 400 degrees to 1200 degrees K. The oxidation and reduction of chromium compounds by barium hydroxide and the hydrolytic disproportionation of barium chromate(IV) and barium chromate(V), the reactions which constitute the proposed cycle, have been demonstrated.     

贵州喀斯特地区牧草引种试验评价

对国内外引进的6个禾本科牧草品种,9个豆科牧草品种以及喀斯特地区的4个对照品种,在贵州独山地区进行引种试验。结果表明：各参试品种生长良好,能安全越冬、越夏,一年可刈割5～6次,鲜草产量达36558．2～66450．0kg／hm2,干草产量10771．0～19869．0kg／hm2。综合性状表现较好的依次为鸭茅Totter,Wana,Tuoa;多年生黑麦草Nui,Bronsys;白三叶Alice,C6151,Prop,Pitua,Sustain;百脉根Mareb,Lel。     

Interactions between the striped stem borer Chilo suppressalis (Walk.) (Lep., Pyralidae) larvae and rice plants in response to nitrogen fertilization

A screenhouse experiment was conducted to examine the damage and compensation in rice plants when injured by the striped stem borer, Chilo suppressalis (Walker), larvae at tillering stage, as well as larval survival and development of the insect at different nitrogen (N) fertilization levels. Potted plants were fertilized at late seedling stage at the rates 0, 200, 400, 600 and 800mgN/pot, respectively. More deadheads were caused as fertilization increased. Plants compensated well for injury at the fertilization concentrations of 200 and 400mgN/pot by producing new tillers, but such compensation did not take place at 600 and 800mgN/pot. Two weeks after infestation, the highest number of remaining healthy tillers was found in plants fertilized at 400mgN/pot. Larval survival varied little among the treatments 200 to 800mgN/pot. Larval weight attainment and/or developmental rate increased with increasing fertilization level from 200 to 600mgN/pot, but both declined rapidly as fertilization reached 800mgN/pot, indicating the great dependence of plant suitability on N fertilization levels. Conclusively, both the compensation response of rice plants and their suitability for C. suppressalis larvae could be significantly affected by N fertilization levels.