Use of a fast test to detect rotavirus in feces

The commercially available immunoassay "OnSite Rotavirus" was used for the detection of animal rotaviruses in 113 faecal samples. The sensitivity of the test was 88% and the specificity 96% compared with reference methods (EIA, EM). This test would detect approximately 4.4 x 10(6) to 1.8 x 10(7) virus particles per ml. The presence of virus could be demonstrated in fresh faecal samples from cattle, horses and pigs within a few minutes. The rotaviruses of group A were identified independently of the virus serotype. Further results and additional problems of using this test kit are described.     

小鼠钼中毒的毒性试验

为了评价钼的生物毒性,用钼酸铵对小鼠进行中毒试验.通过腹腔注射剂量分为600、720、863、1 036、1 244 mg/kg的(NH4)6 Mo7O24·4H2O,48 h统计死亡率并计算LD50;32只小鼠分为4组,分别在饮水加入含0、80、100、120 mg/L的(NH4)6Mo7O24·4H2O,每隔3 d称重,7 d后进行血液学和病理学分析.结果腹腔注射的LD50为813.264 mg/kg±0.0426 mg/kg;饮水中毒试验5 d时各剂量组均表现严重中毒症状,中毒小鼠尸体消瘦,小肠壁出血并有红白相间花斑,肾脏体积肿大,肝脏肿大发生脂肪变性;血液稀薄,血细胞压积降低,红细胞数和血红蛋白量减少,精子畸形率显著增加.表明钼酸铵对小鼠属于中等毒性,可造成贫血、组织脏器病变及精子畸形等.     

高脂日粮对小鼠消化系统自由基水平与物质消化、吸收的影响

选取6周龄雄性昆明种小鼠40只,按体质量随机分成4组:即对照组(正常日粮),高脂日粮组(粗脂肪含量18%),LA组(高脂日粮+0.05%LA和高脂日粮+0.1%LA).小鼠预饲1周后正式饲喂,饲喂5周后进行代谢试验.6周后测定小鼠消化系统自由基水平和肠道黏膜脂肪酶、蛋白酶和淀粉酶活性.结果表明,长期饲喂高脂日粮可显著提高小鼠消化系统自由基水平(P<0.05),降低肠道淀粉酶和蛋白酶活性(P<0.05),但肠道脂肪酶活性显著提高(P<0.05);小鼠对粗脂肪和粗蛋白消化率降低(P<0.05),蛋白沉积率降低(P<0.05).添加0.05%LA后,能显著降低高脂饲喂小鼠消化系统自由基水平(P<0.05),提高小鼠对粗脂肪、粗蛋白消化率(P<0.05),和蛋白沉积率(P<0.05);添加0.1%LA可使小鼠全血及系统自由基水平恢复到接近正常水平.由此得出:高脂摄入,增加小鼠消化系统自由基生成,降低消化酶活性、降低机体对营养物质的消化吸收.适宜的LA添加可有效清除小鼠消化系统自由基,提高消化酶活性,提高营养物质的利用率,缓解营养性氧化应激.     

Pharmacokinetics of cimetidine in dogs after oral administration of cimetidine tablets

Long-term oral treatment with cimetidine is recommended to reduce vomiting in dogs with chronic gastritis. Despite this, few studies have specifically examined the plasma disposition and pharmacokinetics of cimetidine in dogs, particularly following repeated oral administration. The pharmacokinetics of cimetidine following oral administration as tablets was investigated in healthy dogs. Cimetidine was absorbed rapidly post-treatment ( t _max = 0.5 h). A mean absolute bioavailability of 75% was calculated following a single oral administration of 5 mg cimetidine/kg body weight. After intravenous administration, a plasma half-life of 1.6 h was calculated. Repeated oral administration at the recommended dose rate and regime (5 mg/kg body weight three times daily) for 30 consecutive days did not lead to any accumulation of cimetidine in plasma. Food intake concomitant with oral administration of cimetidine delayed ( t _max = 2.25 h) and decreased the rate and extent of absorption ( AUC ) by about 40%. Cimetidine was well absorbed in fasted dogs. Administration of food decreased the bioavailability of cimetidine by 40%. Cimetidine does not accumulate over time in plasma when administered long term to dogs.     

半胱胺对大鼠血脂代谢和抗氧化能力的影响

在高能量/高脂日粮条件下,研究半胱胺对大鼠血脂和机体抗氧化能力的影响。结果表明:高能量/高脂日粮提高大鼠血浆TC,TG,TC/HDL-C,TG/HDL-C的水平;与高能量/高脂日粮组相比,添加半胱胺降低TC,TG,LDL-C,TC/HDL-C,TG/HDL-C和血糖的水平;高能量/高脂日粮不能诱导明显的氧化应激,添加半胱胺日粮对氧化还原指标影响不明显。表明高能量/高脂日粮能提高血脂水平,添加半胱胺可恢复血脂。     

齐口裂腹鱼幼鱼对蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化合物需要量研究

试验设21个日粮组, 蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物梯度变化范围分别在33% ~ 51%、3% ~ 18%、23% ~ 32%。在水温( 25. 25 ? 1. 91) e 条件下, 在水泥池中对平均体重为( 2. 01 ? 0. 04) g的360尾齐口裂腹鱼进行了60 d的生长试验, 研究日粮中蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化合物对齐口裂腹鱼生长、体组成和肝脏组织的影响。结果表明: 各组鱼特定生长率随着日粮蛋白质水平的增加而增加; 体蛋白含量不受日粮组成的影响, 体脂肪随着日粮脂肪水平的增加而增加, 体碳水化合物受日粮碳水化合物的影响极显著, 而不受日粮蛋白质和脂肪的影响。齐口裂腹鱼幼鱼能耐忍23% ~ 26%的碳水化合物水平, 且能利用6% ~ 12%的日粮脂肪。基于齐口裂腹鱼幼鱼对日粮碳水化合物和脂肪含量需求分别为23% ~ 26%和6% ~ 12%时, 蛋白质需求量为42% ~ 48%, 能蛋比为41. 3 kJ/g。     

不同锌源对断奶小鼠生长及机体抗氧化能力的影响

选用断奶小鼠72只作为研究对象,随机分为3组(对照组,硫酸锌组和蛋氨酸锌组),每组设4个重复。测定体重、组织锌含量及相关生理生化指标,以研究硫酸锌、蛋氨酸锌2种不同锌供给形式对机体的生长效应及抗氧化能力的影响。结果表明,硫酸锌组和蛋氨酸锌组均能不同程度地提高小鼠体重,蛋氨酸锌组小鼠体重显著高于对照组与硫酸锌组(P<0.05)。饲粮中添加硫酸锌可提高小鼠肝脏和血清中的锌含量(P>0.05);蛋氨酸锌组小鼠肝脏和血清锌含量高于对照组(P<0.05)及硫酸锌组(P>0.05)。2种锌源均显著提高碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSHPx)活性(P<0.05),不同锌源间无明显差异(P>0.05)。添加不同的锌源不同程度地提高总抗氧化能力(TAOC)、总SOD(TSOD)、铜锌超氧化物歧化酶(CuZnSOD)活性(P<0.05),蛋氨酸锌组TAOC、TSOD显著高于硫酸锌组(P<0.05)。添加锌显著降低NO含量(P<0.05),蛋氨酸锌效果显著强于硫酸锌(P<0.05);一氧化氮合酶(NOS)活性表现出与NO相反的趋势(P>0.05)。     

Pronuclear Embryo Yield in Canindé and Saanen Goats for DNA Microinjection

The objective of this study was to examine the effect of donor breed on pronuclear‐stage embryo yield to be used for DNA microinjection in a transgenesis goat program. Twelve Canindé and twelve Saanen goats were heat synchronized using a progestagen‐cloprostenol treatment. Forty‐eight hours before the sponge removal, superovulation was induced with a total administration of 4.4 mg/kg bodyweight NIH‐FSH‐P1, given twice daily in decreasing doses over 3 days. In addition, goats received 100 μg of GnRH and they were hand‐mated at 36 and 48 h after progestagen removal. Embryo recovery was performed by oviduct flushing at 72 h after sponge removal. Embryos were microinjected with a DNA construct and noticeable swelling of the nuclei was the criterion for successful microinjection. The total diameter, cytoplasm diameter, zona pellucida thickness and pronuclei diameter were measured for each microinjected embryo. A higher (p < 0.05) percentage of fertilized ova was observed in Canindé (89.9%) than Saanen (36.2%) goats. In addition, Canindé donors produced a higher percentage of pronuclear embryos when compared with Saanen: 72.5% vs 20.6% (p < 0.05), respectively. Successful microinjection was verified in 96.7% and 73.3% of times in Canindé and Saanen embryos, respectively (p < 0.05). Significant differences were observed for all morphometric parameters except for cytoplasm diameter. In conclusion, under our study experimental conditions, Canindé were more efficient than Saanen goats concerning the pronuclear embryo yield and manipulation. The use of Canindé goats in transgenesis programs could be increase the interest in their breeding and could be contribute to saving them from extinction.     

基于期刊文献解析我国芝麻研究现状与发展趋势

通过对中国近30年(1980～2009年)科技期刊上发表的芝麻研究文献进行统计分析,研究了芝麻期刊文献的动态变化、年代分布、期刊分布和学科领域的分布情况,分析了芝麻各学科领域的研究现状,展望了芝麻科研发展的方向,为我国芝麻的进一步研究提供参考。