我国草莓新品种选育进展及育种实践

综述了我国草莓生产中的品种变迁、新品种的选育,介绍了江苏丘陵地区镇江农业科学研究所的草莓育种实践,提出了当前草莓育种工作中存在的不足及应对措施。     

Quantitative determination of sulfur-containing wine odorants at sub parts per billion levels. 2. Development and application of a stable isotope dilution assay

[(2)H(10)]-4-Mercapto-4-methylpentan-2-one (d(10)-1), [(2)H(2)]-3-mercaptohexan-1-ol (d(2)-2), and [(2)H(5)]-3-mercaptohex-1-yl acetate (d(5)-3), deuterated analogues of impact odorants of wines, were used to determine quantitatively the natural compounds in white wines (Muscadet, Sauvignon, and Bacchus) with a stable isotope dilution assay using gas chromatography coupled either with ion trap tandem mass spectrometry (GC-ITMS-MS) or with atomic emission detection monitored on sulfur-selective acquisition (GC-AED). The thiol compounds were recovered from wines by liquid-liquid extraction, then purified from the wine extracts by covalent chromatography, and analyzed. The quantitative determination of 4-mercapto-4-methylpentan-2-one 1 in the wines that were analyzed was performed better with GC-AED than with GC-ITMS-MS under the conditions that were used. However, the detection limit of the method was higher than the odor threshold of 4-mercapto-4-methylpentan-2-one 1 in wine (5 vs 0.8 ng/L). The levels of this compound in the Sauvignon and Bacchus wines were much higher than its odor threshold, but it was not detectable in the Muscadet wines. On the contrary, GC-ITMS-MS was much more sensitive than GC-AED for detection of 3-mercaptohexan-1-ol 2 and 3-mercaptohex-1-yl acetate 3, and the detection limits were much lower than their odor thresholds in wine. The former compound was detected in all of the Muscadet wines that were analyzed at levels always higher than its odor detection threshold, while the latter occurred at levels higher than its odor threshold in only one Muscadet wine.     

黄河表层沉积物与稀土元素La~(3+)的交换吸附作用研究

采用现场采样及室内实验方法,研究了黄河表层沉积物与La^3 的交换吸附作用。结果表明,用Langmuir方程和Freundlich方程均能较好地反映La^3 在沉积物表面上的等温吸附过程,但以Langmuir方程拟合程度更好,黄河表层沉积物对La^3 的吸附强烈地受控于pH值在2-12这一宽广的pH范围内,La^3 黄河表层沉积物的交换吸附呈现随pH的增加而增大的总体趋势,在pH为2-7的范围内,随pH的增大,La^3 的吸附量逐渐增加,并在pH为6-7时达到最高值;当pH＞7时,随Ph的增大,La^3 的吸附量基本保持恒定,沉积物去除有机质后吸附能力下降了12.71%,与颗粒物中稀上元素有机物结合态所占比例相当.     

新疆博斯腾湖流域水平衡模拟分析研究

应用4水平衡原理与水平衡模型，用1960～2000年41年逐月水文系列资料，以1998年为现状水平年，分析博斯腾湖流域无工程措施与有工程措施对水资源转化、平衡、消耗及水环境的影响和响应。     

基于生态系统服务价值的宁夏区域生态补偿研究

采用宁夏回族自治区第二次土地调查和《宁夏统计年鉴2011》中的数据,运用相关公式,计算宁夏不同主体功能区和各县市区单位面积生态系统服务价值和生态补偿优先级(ECPS)。结果表明:宁夏限制开发生态区泾源、彭阳、隆德、红寺堡等县区单位面积生态系统服务价值和生态补偿优先级明显高于银川市辖区、石嘴山市辖区等重点开发区,后者应对前者进行生态补偿。     

Comparison of three methods for arthrodesis of the distal intertarsal and tarsometatarsal joints in horses

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of diode laser surgery (LS), surgical drilling (SD), and intraarticular sodium monoiodoacetate (MIA) as methods for fusing the distal intertarsal (DIT) and tarsometatarsal (TMT) joints in horses. STUDY DESIGN: Experimental study. ANIMALS: Adult horses (15) without radiographic signs of osteoarthritis (OA) of the DIT and TMT joints. METHODS: Group 1 (n=3) had LS performed bilaterally on DIT and TMT joints; 1 horse was evaluated for 1 week and 2 horses were evaluated for 2 weeks. Group 2 (n=6) had LS on DIT and TMT joints of 1 tarsus and MIA administration into the contralateral DIT and TMT joints and were evaluated for 6 months. Group 3 (n=6) had LS performed on DIT and TMT joints of 1 tarsus and SD of the contralateral DIT and TMT joints and were evaluated for 12 months. Postoperative comfort, lameness, radiography, microradiography, and histology scores were compared using repeated measures ANOVA, and paired or 2 sample t-tests; significance was set at P<.05. RESULTS: LS caused the least postoperative morbidity. In group 2, horses were less lame in 4 LS-treated limbs and 2 MIA-treated limbs at 6 months when compared with the contralateral limb. In group 3, horses were less lame in 5 LS-treated limbs and 1 SD-treated limb at 6 and 12 months compared with the contralateral limb. On microradiography, 11 MIA joints and 2 LS joints had bone bridging the joint at 6 months whereas 8 SD joints and 5 LS joints had bone bridging at 12 months. Significantly more joint space was bridged by bone in MIA- (51.4%) and SD (46.2%)-treated joints compared with LS joints at 6 (30.6%) and 12 (28.5%) months, respectively (P<.05). CLINICAL RELEVANCE: SD and MIA resulted in more bone bridging of the distal 2 tarsal joints, than LS. However, LS seemingly caused less pain and discomfort to horses in the immediate postoperative period; horses were generally less lame in the LS limb. More laser energy may need to be applied to these joints to promote fusion; however, it may also have beneficial effects beyond fusion. Further research on horses with OA of the distal 2 tarsal joints is needed to determine whether LS can cause soundness without facilitating bony fusion.     

广东省某猪场链球菌的分离与鉴定

为了解广东省茂名某猪场暴发猪链球菌病的详细情况及制作灭活疫苗给猪群接种免疫。该研究通过分离细菌、PCR鉴定、生化试验等方法分离、鉴定细菌,并通过动物试验了解该分离菌的致病性。最后通过药敏试验找出高敏药物用于临床治疗及了解该猪场细菌病的耐药性,指导临床合理用药。     

An analysis of formation conditions for DBD transported charges of multineedle-to-cylinder

Dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) can produce homogenous discharge in normal temperature and atomsphere with low energy consumption, so it has broad development prospects in industrial applications. An experimental study is carried out to optimize the needles arrangement and supply parameters aiming at the multineedle-to-cylinder reactor with orthogonal design in combination with Lissajous figures. As it is konwn, the process of discharge is also the process of charge transfer; hence, the more charges are transported, the higher reaction efficiency in plasma is. The orthogonal design is established with transported charges as the goal factor, and supply voltage, supply frequency, needles length(NL), interneedle rotation angles(INRA) as factors. Variance analysis results show that the largest influence factor is supply voltage, followed by supply frequency; the electrode configuration of NL=(3.5+2) mm and INRA=45° matched with f=21 kHz makes transported charges per cycle biggest. The orthogonal experiment results are verified by further experiments, which is significant to improve the DBD plasma reaction efficiency.     

The chemistry of water on alumina surfaces: reaction dynamics from first principles

Aluminas and their surface chemistry play a vital role in many areas of modern technology. The behavior of adsorbed water is particularly important and poorly understood. Simulations of hydrated alpha-alumina (0001) surfaces with ab initio molecular dynamics elucidate many aspects of this problem, especially the complex dynamics of water dissociation and related surface reactions. At low water coverage, free energy profiles established that molecularly adsorbed water is metastable and dissociates readily, even in the absence of defects, by a kinetically preferred pathway. Observations at higher water coverage revealed rapid dissociation and unanticipated collective effects, including water-catalyzed dissociation and proton transfer reactions between adsorbed water and hydroxide. The results provide a consistent interpretation of the measured coverage dependence of water heats of adsorption, hydroxyl vibrational spectra, and other experiments.