添食氟化物后雌雄家蚕中肠和头部氟离子的吸收累积规律

为了探讨氟离子在雌雄家蚕中肠和头部的吸收累积情况,以家蚕耐氟品种T6和氟化物敏感品种734为研究材料,按照常规方法饲养到5龄起蚕时,对2品种家蚕进行雌雄鉴别,并将其分区饲养.添氟组喂食经200mg/kg NaF溶液浸泡后的桑叶,另设清水对照组,检测不同性别家蚕中肠和头部氟离子浓度的积累情况.结果表明,在中肠中,对照组734和T6雄蚕氟离子浓度分别高雌蚕1.20倍和1.03倍,添氟组734和T6雄蚕均是雌蚕的1.05倍.734雄蚕添氟组是对照组的1.67倍,而雌蚕添氟组是对照组的1.58倍.T6雄蚕添氟组是对照组的1.22倍,而雌蚕添氟组是对照组的1.20倍.在头部,对照组734和T6雄蚕分别是雌蚕1.39倍和1.08倍,添氟组734和T6雄蚕分别约是雌蚕的1.10倍和1.03.734雄蚕添氟组是对照组的1.10倍,而雌蚕添氟组是对照组的1.39倍.T6雄蚕添氟组是对照组的1.10倍,而雌蚕添氟组是对照组的1.03倍.两种组织中,均表现出雄蚕中的氟离子浓度高于雌蚕的.     

Pharmacokinetics of marbofloxacin in pigs after intravenous and intramuscular administration of a single dose of 8 mg/kg: dose proportionality,influence of the age of the animals and urinary elimination

The pharmacokinetics of marbofloxacin in pigs were evaluated as a function of dose and animal age following intravenous and intramuscular administration of a 16% solution (Forcyl^®). The absolute bioavailability of marbofloxacin as well as the dose proportionality was evaluated in 27‐week‐old fattening pigs. Blood PK and urinary excretion of marbofloxacin were evaluated after a single intramuscular dose of 8 mg/kg in 16‐week‐old male pigs. An additional group of 12‐week‐old weaned piglets was used for the evaluation of age‐related kinetics. The plasma and urine concentration of marbofloxacin was determined using a HPLC method. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using noncompartmental methods. After intravenous administration in 27‐week‐old fattening pigs, the total body clearance was 0.065 L/h·kg. After intramuscular administration to the same animals, the mean observed C_max was 6.30 μg/mL, and the AUC_INF was 115 μg·h/mL. The absolute bioavailability was 91.5%, and dose proportionality was shown within the dose range of 4–16 mg/kg. The renal clearance was about half of the value of the total clearance. The total systemic clearance values significantly decreased as a function of age, being 0.092 L/h·kg and 0.079 L/h·kg in pigs aged 12 and 16 weeks, respectively.     

栗蚕蛹体液的一些免疫反应

为了探明栗蚕体内免疫机制,研究了栗蚕蛹体液免疫反应的某些特性。栗蚕蛹经细菌、真菌以及生理盐水诱导后,其体液对大肠杆菌(E.coli)、枯草杆菌(B.subtilis)、金黄色葡萄球菌(S.aureus)及柞蚕链球菌(T.streptoc-occus)均表现出一定的抑菌作用。大肠杆菌诱导6 h后,栗蚕蛹体液中出现抗菌活性物质,诱导后4 d,体液的抗菌活性达到高峰值,11 d后活性消失。SDS-PAGE电泳结果表明,诱导后的栗蚕蛹血淋巴中有新蛋白产生,推测可能与其产生新的抗菌活性有关。     

Response of pony peritoneum to four peritoneal lavage solutions

Peritoneal lavage was performed on ponies to determine the effect on peritoneal surfaces. Lavage solution (20 L) was introduced into each pony's peritoneal cavity through catheters placed in the paralumbar fossa, and the solution was removed by drainage from the ventral portion of the abdomen. Six ponies each were lavaged with sterile saline (0.9% NaCl) solution, sterile saline solution containing 5 X 10(6) U of potassium penicillin and 3 g of neomycin or povidone-iodine diluted to 3% by volume with sterile saline solution, and 3 ponies were lavaged with povidone-iodine diluted to 10% with sterile saline solution. Peritoneal lavage catheters were inserted in 3 control ponies, but lavage fluids were not administered. Peritoneal fluid specimens were collected at 6, 24, 48, and 96 hours after lavage. Nucleated cell counts, RBC counts, total protein determinations, and cytologic analysis were performed. The ponies were euthanatized at 96 hours, and representative sections of the peritoneum were examined. Lavage with saline solution and saline solution with antibiotics induced a mild, transient inflammatory response in the peritoneal fluid, with minimal or no changes observed at necropsy. Solutions containing povidone-iodine induced chemical peritonitis, which was severe in ponies lavaged with 10% povidone-iodine solution. Peritoneal lavage with povidone-iodine solutions as dilute as 3% cannot be accomplished without causing inflammation of peritoneal surfaces.     

盐胁迫对菘蓝幼苗生长和抗性生理的影响

以“定蓝1号”为试验材料,采用不同浓度NaCl溶液(0,30,60,90,120和150 mmol·L^-1)对菘蓝幼苗进行处理,胁迫14 d后测定了其生长指标、生物量积累、叶片相对含水量、根系活力、根质膜透性、渗透调节物质含量以及抗氧化酶活性等指标,分析不同程度盐胁迫对菘蓝幼苗生长和抗性生理的影响。结果表明:NaCl胁迫对菘蓝幼苗株高和根长都有抑制作用,对根和叶的物质积累也有显著影响,并随浓度的递增呈降低的趋势;菘蓝幼苗叶片相对含水量和根系活力均随NaCl浓度的增加呈现下降趋势,而根质膜透性、叶片脯氨酸含量则呈升高趋势;丙二醛(MDA)含量、组织自动氧化速率(RAD)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性都随NaCl浓度的增加呈先升高后降低的趋势。但当NaCl浓度低于90 mmol·L^-1时,菘蓝幼苗的生长没有受到盐胁迫的明显抑制,根系活力降低不明显,脯氨酸、丙二醛含量和保护酶活性也未显著升高,说明菘蓝幼苗对低浓度盐环境具有一定的耐受性。     

内蒙古典型草原不同放牧强度下羊草光合生理生态特性分析

通过对内蒙古典型草原不同放牧强度下羊草光合日动态、叶绿素荧光参数以及光合生理生态指标的测定,分析探讨了放牧对羊草光合及生理生态特性的影响。结果表明:羊草净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度随放牧强度的增大而增大,T2放牧强度下羊草光合日动态为双峰曲线,出现"午休现象",非气孔因素是主要原因;叶绿素荧光参数Fv/Fm三种处理间差异不显著,ΦPSII、qP、ETR三种参数随放牧强度的增大而增大,T2放牧强度下的值显著大于T0和T1;T1放牧强度下羊草相对叶绿素含量显著小于T0和T2,叶干物质含量则相反,比叶面积和干物质含量二者呈负相关关系;羊草叶片数、叶片长度随放牧强度的增大而下降。由此表明,适度放牧有助于羊草光合作用,叶片形态出现缩小特征,以适应放牧干扰。