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131.
Hidehisa Yamano Yasuhiro Ichimura Yoshihiko Sawabe Satoshi Koike Yutaka Suzuki Yasuo Kobayashi 《Animal Science Journal》2019,90(6):790-798
Rumen digesta was obtained from wild Hokkaido sika deer to compare bacterial flora between summer and winter. Bacterial flora was characterized with molecular‐based approaches and enrichment cultivation. Bacteroidetes was shown as a major phylum followed by Firmicutes, with similar proportions in both seasons. However, two phylogenetically unique groups in Bacteroidetes were found in each season: unknown group A in winter and unknown group B in summer. The ruminal abundance of unknown group A was the highest followed by Ruminococcus flavefaciens in winter. Moreover, the abundance of these two was higher in winter than in summer. In contrast, the abundance of unknown group B was higher in summer than in winter. In addition, this group showed the highest abundance in summer among the bacteria quantified. Unknown group A was successfully enriched by cultivating with oak bark and sterilized rumen fluid, particularly that from deer. Bacteria of this group were distributed in association with the solid rather than the liquid rumen fraction, and were detected as small cocci. Accordingly, unknown group A is assumed to be involved in degradation of fibrous materials. These results suggest that wild Hokkaido sika deer develop a rumen bacterial flora in response to changes in dietary conditions. 相似文献
132.
Long‐distance transportation has negative impacts on production and health in cattle. Feed and water are routinely deprived from cattle during transportation. We investigated whether niacin supplementation could improve niacin nutrition and mitigate the adverse effect of transportation with feed and water deprivation in steer calves. We also studied the adverse effect of feed and water deprivation in nontransported steer calves. Twelve calves were assigned to feed and water deprivation for 2 days, or full access to feed and water in experiment 1. Ten calves were assigned to 2‐day transportation with feed and water deprivation, or the transportation with feed and water deprivation, but with supplementation of rumen‐protected niacin at 100 g/day per head in experiment 2. Bodyweight was measured and blood was collected for 32 days in each experiment. Feed and water deprivation temporarily decreased serum glucose concentrations and bodyweight gain. Transportation with deprivation of feed and water caused a temporal decrease in bodyweight gain and serum albumin concentration, and a continuous decrease in serum glucose and total cholesterol concentrations, which was suppressed by niacin supplementation. Niacin supplementation increased blood niacin concentration. These results suggest that niacin supplementation mitigates adverse effects of transportation with feed and water deprivation in steer calves. 相似文献
133.
Using chloride solutions as extractants, 6.4–18.4% of Ag were extracted from polluted Annaka and Fuchu soils, whereas only 0.06–0.08% Ag were extractable using NH4OAc, NH4NO3 or (NH4)2SO4 solution. In the case of unpolluted Konosu and Nagano soils, 28.3–47.0% of Ag were extracted by KCl and 0.7–1.0% of Ag were by NH4OAc. The silver extracted with chloride solution was assumed to be derived from residual fractions. 相似文献
134.
Md. Shaheed Reza Shigeharu Kinoshita Satoshi Furukawa Toshitaka Mochizuki Shugo Watabe 《Fisheries Science》2011,77(1):59-67
It has been reported that the nucleotide sequences of the mitochondrial and nuclear genes of Takifugu pufferfish torafugu T. rubripes and karasu T. chinensis show 99–100% sequence identity, indicating a very close relationship between the two species. To further investigate this
genetic relationship, we compared genetic variation at four microsatellite loci and at the mitochondrial control region (CR)
(561 bp) between groups of T. rubripes caught at two locations [TrG, caught in the Genkai Sea off Tsushima Island in 2003 (n = 50); TrS, caught in the Suwo Sea off Kita-Kyushu in 2008 (n = 50)] and T. chinensis caught at one location (TcK, caught off the east coast of Korea in 2004; n = 50). Analyses using microsatellite loci showed that genetic diversity index values of the TrG, TrS and TcK groups were
0.9505, 0.9350 and 0.9335, respectively, while values of genetic distance and genetic differentiation between TrG and TcK
(0.0543 and 0.0189, respectively) were smaller than those between TrG and TrS (0.0857 and 0.0194, respectively). Analyses
using CR for the same specimens showed that genetic distances were consistent with those obtained using microsatellite loci.
These results, together with our previous observations, suggest that T. rubripes and T. chinensis are very closely related and possibly can be regarded as the same species. 相似文献
135.
Kenji Asano Etsuo Shimosaka Yoko Yamashita Takashi Narabu Satoshi Aiba Itaru Sakata Kotaro Akai Satoshi Okamoto Seiji Tamiya 《Breeding Science》2021,71(3):354
Occurrence of pale potato cyst nematode, Globodera pallida (Stone) Behrens, was first recorded in Japan in 2015. Among several control measures, cultivation of resistant potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) varieties is the most effective in cost and environmental impact. As no G. pallida-resistant varieties have yet been developed in Japan, great emphasis is being placed on screening of germplasm possessing the resistance and development of the resistant varieties. In this study, we first improved previously reported DNA markers linked to the G. pallida resistance loci (GpaIVsadg and Gpa5) and then used these to screen more than 1,000 germplasms to select several candidate germplasms with resistance. We performed inoculation testing on the selected candidates and identified several resistant germplasms to the Japanese G. pallida population. Furthermore, we developed a simultaneous detection method combining three DNA markers linked to G. pallida and Globodera rostochiensis (Wollenweber) Behrens resistance loci. We validated the ability of C237-I marker to select resistant allele of GpaIVsadg and predict the presence of resistance in a Japanese breeding population. Resistant germplasms identified in this study could potentially be used to develop G. pallida-resistant varieties. The marker evaluation methods developed in this study will contribute to the efficient development of resistant varieties. 相似文献
136.
Mitsuhiro Nakaya Taizo Morioka Kyouhei Fukunaga Naoto Murakami Takashi Ichikawa Sachio Sekiya Satoshi Suyama 《Fisheries Science》2010,76(1):45-53
This study details the growth and maturation processes of Pacific saury Cololabis saira from eggs to first spawning under laboratory conditions. They were reared at 20°C, and fed almost to satiation every day. There was no significant difference in the knob length (KnL) between males and females, and so data for both sexes were combined in the following Gompertz growth formula: KnL t = 277.1 exp[?exp(?0.015 (t ? 83.8))]. The first spawning was observed 243 days after hatching (DAH). At the beginning of spawning, when the mean KnL was about 250 mm, only several hundred eggs were spawned at most. The spawning continued, and the number of spawned eggs increased notably after 260 DAH. Correlation and stepwise multiple regression analysis of the gonad somatic index (GSI) of Pacific saury versus KnL, CF, and DAH revealed that only DAH (R = 0.88 and 0.72 for males and females, respectively) was significantly correlated with GSI of Pacific saury (P < 0.001). This result suggests that DAH is one of the most influential factors for maturation in this species. 相似文献
137.
Satoshi Hashimoto Kenichi Ueno Kenichi Takahashi Toshiyuki Suzuki Yutaka Itabashi 《Fisheries Science》2010,76(3):529-536
Photosensitivity was observed in the mice used in bioassays of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning. The mice were intraperitoneally
injected with the extracts from the midgut glands of cultured scallops Patinopecten yessoensis gathered in early spring in Funka Bay, Hokkaido, Japan. The injections induced atypical symptoms in the mice within 24 h.
The symptoms included piloerection, substantial eye discharge, swelling of the ears and head, and ear scratching. They were
similar to those reported in studies of photosensitivity caused by pyropheophorbide in the midgut glands of abalones, which
are herbivorous gastropods. The problematic scallops also accumulated a large amount of pyropheophorbide-a. The amount determined with high-performance liquid chromatography was 300–530 μg per 1 g of the homogenate of the midgut
glands. The dose of pyropheophorbide sufficient to cause photosensitivity in a mouse is estimated to be 0.99–2.3 mg per mouse
with 20-g body weight. Moreover, comparative tests in mice showed that the onset of the symptoms required light and a substantial
amount of pyropheophorbide. Therefore, we determined that the observed symptoms were photosensitivity caused by pyropheophorbide.
Scallops, which are suspension-feeding bivalves, can accumulate a large amount of pyropheophorbide in the midgut glands depending
on the habitat environment. 相似文献
138.
Toshihiro Onitsuka Tomohiko Kawamura Shunsuke Iwanaga Satoshi Ohashi Toyomitsu Horii 《Fisheries Science》2010,76(4):619-623
The dietary value of juvenile stages (gametophyte and juvenile sporophyte) of the brown macroalga Eisenia bicyclis for post-larval and juvenile abalone Haliotis diversicolor of 2.0–6.5 mm in shell length (SL) was examined and compared with that of a benthic diatom, Nitzschia sp., in laboratory experiments. Most abalone actively fed on these diets, but there were large variations in the growth rate
among the diets and among the growth stages of abalone. Growth rates of abalone fed on Nitzschia sp. were highly variable within each growth stage, but showed no clear differences among growth stages. In contrast, in abalone
fed gametophytes or juvenile sporophytes, growth rates linearly increased as abalone grew. Growth rates of >60 μm SL/day were
observed in juveniles of >3 mm SL fed gametophytes, and juveniles of >5 mm SL fed juvenile sporophytes. These results indicate
that the dietary value of the juvenile stages of E. bicyclis for the abalone changes as they grow, and with growth juvenile abalone begin to efficiently utilize gametophytes and juvenile
sporophytes in that order. 相似文献
139.
Vongvichith Bounsong Morioka Shinsuke Sugita Tsuyoshi Phousavanh Nokjalia Phetsanghanh Norkeo Chanthasone Phonaphet Pommachan Phoutsamone Nakamura Satoshi 《Fisheries Science》2020,86(1):145-151
Fisheries Science - The growth of the climbing perch Anabas testudineus reared on lower protein feeds with the replacement of fishmeal (FM) by prepupae of the black soldier fly (BSF) Hermetia... 相似文献
140.
Tanaka Tatsuya Ikeda Ryunosuke Yuta Yuta Tsurukawa Kanji Nakamura Satoshi Yamaguchi Takeharu Komeyama Kazuyoshi 《Fisheries Science》2019,85(6):1037-1043
Fisheries Science - In aquaculture, periodic measurement of fish body size is required to suitably assess growth progress. The aim of this study is to monitor the growth of free-swimming red sea... 相似文献