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991.
Jumpei Toriyama Tsuyoshi KatoChairil Anwar Siregar Harris Herman SiringoringoSeiichi Ohta Yoshiyuki Kiyono 《Forest Ecology and Management》2011,262(9):1659-1667
Soil carbon (C) stocks in forest ecosystems have been widely estimated to a fixed soil depth (i.e., 0-30 cm) to clarify temporal changes in the C pool. However, surface elevations change as a result of compaction or expansion of the soil under forest management and land use. On the other hand, the calculation of soil C stocks based on “equivalent soil mass” is not affected by compaction or expansion of forest soil. To contribute to the development of a forest C accounting methodology, we compared changes in soil C stocks over 4 years between depth- and mass-based approaches using original soil data collected at 0-30 cm depths in young plantations and secondary forests in West Java, Indonesia. Our methodology expanded on the mass-based approach; rather than using one representative value for the mass-based calculation of soil C stocks, we adjusted individual values, maintaining the coefficient of variance in soil mass. We also considered the effect of an increase or decrease in soil organic matter on equivalent soil mass. Both increasing and decreasing trends in soil C stocks became clearer when the mass-based approach was used rather than the depth-based approach. The trends in soil C stocks based on equivalent soil mass were particularly evident in the surface soil layers (0-5 cm) and in plantation sites, compared with those for soil profiles including subsurface soil layers (0-30 cm) and in secondary forests. These trends in soil C stocks corresponded with temporal trends in litter stocks. We suggest that equivalent mass-basis soil C stock for the upper 30 cm of soil be calculated based on multiple soil layers to reduce estimation errors. Changes in soil organic matter mass had little effect on the estimation of soil C stock on an equivalent mass basis. For the development of a forest C accounting system, the mass-based approach should be used to characterize temporal trends in soil C stocks and to improve C cycle models, rather than simpler methods of calculating soil C stocks. These improvements will help to increase the tier level of country-specific forest C accounting systems. 相似文献
992.
Keith E. Woeste 《林业研究》2011,22(3):353-359
Three kinds of plant growth regulators, gibberellinA 4/7 (GA 4/7 ), 6-benzylaminopurine (BA), and chlormequat chloride (CCC), were evaluated for their ability to promote strobilus and cone production in a Chinese pine (Pinus tabuliformis Carr.) clonal seed orchard. Treatments (0, 250, 500, or 1000 mg L -1 ) were applied during three periods (June- July, July-August and August-September) in 2005. Of the three plant growth regulators, GA 4/7 was the best for promoting flower and cone production. Trees sprayed... 相似文献
993.
Five different isoforms (IrlVHA-c1-c5) of V-ATPase subunit c (VHA-c) were cloned from a Japanese iris (Iris lactea Pall. var. chinensis Fisch. Koidz) cDNA library using degenerate primers PCR and the 5'-RACE technique. The sequence analysis showed the open reading frame (ORF) of the IrlVHA-c1 c5 to be 495 bp, corresponding to a protein of 164 amino acids. Among the five isoforms, IrlVHA-c1 and IrlVHA-c2 are completely homologous. The IrlVHA-c protein is localized at the vacuolar membrane as indicated by a g... 相似文献
994.
Species diversity and stability of natural secondary communities in different layers with different cutting intensities 10
years later were investigated by calculating Marglef Richness index (R), Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H), Simpson diversity index (P), and Pielou Evenness index (J). Results show that the values of R, H and P among different layers are listed in a decreasing order: the shrub layer > the arbor layer > the herb layer, all the three
indices values reach the maximum under medium selective cutting intensity after 10 years. The J value of the shrub layer shows a concave parabolic change with the increase in cutting intensity; it shows a linear increase
for the arbor layer, whereas the J value of the herb layer shows an opposite change pattern. The values of R at different cutting intensities had high significant difference, but other indices had not significant difference. The stability
of communities at different cutting intensities after 10 years is non-cutting> low selective cutting intensity > medium selective
cutting intensity > high selective cutting intensity > extra-high intensity > clear cutting. The stability of communities
at different cutting intensities after 10 years shows that the greater cutting intensities, the worse the stability is. 相似文献
995.
Schizostachyum dullooa (Gamble) Majumder ‘dolu bamboo’ is a thin walled sympodial moderate sized to large tufted bamboo, dominant in the successional fallows of northeast India.
The impact of resource management on productivity and sustainability of the species was evaluated by investigating the population
status and regeneration in Cachar tropical semi evergreen forest under private property resource management (PPRM) and common
property resource management (CPRM) regimes. Population status revealed current-year, one-year, two-year and three-year-old
culms contribute 54%, 24%, 16% and 6% of the total culms per clump, respectively, under PPRM. Three-year-old culms were absent
in CPRM and population status was thus represented by current year (83%), one-year (16%) and two-year (1%) old culms. Net
change, rate of change and % gain in population for different age classes showed the prevalence of management practices under
CPRM was unscientific. Efficiency of new culm production per clump used as an index of regeneration was 69.7% in PPRM and
59.88% in CPRM. New culms produced under CPRM were small and thin. We conclude that CPRM is inappropriate for a long term
economic and ecological sustainability of the species and alternative management protocols are needed for conservation of
the species. 相似文献
996.
Expressed sequence tags(ESTs) are generated from single-pass sequencing of randomly picked cDNA clones and can be used for development of simple sequence repeat(SSR) markers or microsatellites.However,EST databases have been developed for only a small number of species.This paper provides a case study of the utility of freely available birch EST resources for the development of markers necessary for the genetic analysis of Betula luminifera.Based on birch EST data,primers for 80 EST-SSR candidate loci were ... 相似文献
997.
TANG Fang . College of Forestry Resources Environment Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing China . Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Prevention Management of Invasive Specie Nanjing . ZHANG Xiu-bo LIU Yu-sheng College of Plant Protection Sh ong Agriculture University Tai’an China GAO Xi-wu Department of Entomology China Agricultural University Beijing China 《林业研究》2011,22(3):447-451
Micromelalopha troglodyta (Graeser) is an important pest of poplar in China. Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are known to be responsible for adaptation mechanisms of M. troglodyta. The activities and kinetic constants of glutathione S-transferases in M. troglodyta were studied. Significant differences in glutathione S-transferase activity and kinetic characteristics were observed among five instars of M. troglodyta larvae. Furthermore, the inhibition of glutathione S-transferase activity in five instars by 24 inhibitors was conducted. The results show the inhibition of GST activity of different instars by 24 inhibitors was different. For GST activity in the 1st instar, chlorpyrifos, lambda-cyhalothrin, endosulfan, abamectin, fipronil and pyridaben were the best inhibitors tested, and for GST activity in the 2nd instar, tannic acid and quercetin were the most potent inhibitors tested, and for GST activity in the 3rd instar, the inhibitory effects of quercetin, chlorpyrifos and lambda-cyhalothrin were the highest, and for GST activity in the 4th instar, quercetin and lambda-cyhalothrin were the best inhibitors, and the inhibitory effect of phoxim was the highest for GST activity in the 5th instar. Our results show that glutathione S-transferases in different instars are qualitatively different in isozyme composition and thus different in sensitivity to inhibitors. 相似文献
998.
The interaction between particle size and resin content is one of the most important structural parameters that can influence the accuracy of predictions about wood-composite properties. We developed three kinds of equation (linear, quadratic, and exponential) for each mechanical property of particleboard based on slenderness ratio and resin content at a constant density (0.7g cm -3 ). Results from SHAZAM software (version 9) suggested that the quadratic function was not significant, but the linear and exponential functions were significant. The interaction between particle size and resin content was analyzed by Maple 9 software. The results indicated that an exponential function can better describe the simultaneous effect of slenderness and resin content than a linear equation. Under constant resin content, particles with higher slenderness ratios increased more in modulus of rupture (MOR) and modulus of elasticity (MOE) than did particles with lower slenderness ratios. Edge withdrawal resistance (SWRe) values did not increase with increasing slenderness ratio. 相似文献
999.
Md. Habibur Rahman Md. Abu Sayed Arfin Khan Bishwajit Roy Most. Jannatul Fardusi 《林业研究》2011,22(4):551-559
A study was conducted at two-biodiversity conservation areas of Northeastern Bangladesh (a part of Sylhet Forest Division)
to assess the species composition, diversity and density of natural regeneration of tree species both indigenous and exotic
species. Data were collected by stratified random quadrate method during January 2010 to July 2010. Totally 200 circular plots
of 2 m×2 m in size had 5 different habitat types of plants namely; forest, roadside, homestead (surrounding forest dwellers
house), fallow land and others (canals, streams and tea gardens side), which included a total of 55 regenerating species belonging
to 28 families. Meliaceae is the dominant family and shows the highest family importance value (26.3), having six species,
followed by Moraceae (24.24). Among the five habitat types, forest (43 species) possess the highest number of species, followed
by roadside (23 species). Total 15 exotic species among 9 families and 40 indigenous species with 24 families were recorded.
For exotic species, Tectona grandis possess the highest relative density (11.7%) and relative frequency (10.5%); Senna siamea had highest relative abundance (7.83%). In case of indigenous species, Chickrassia tabularis possess the highest relative density (4.23%) and relative frequency (4%); Dipterocarpus turbinatus had the highest relative abundance (3.92%). Tectona grandis (29.66) and Chickrassia tabularis (10.8) had the highest IVI for exotic and indigenous species respectively. Different diversity indices such as Shanon-Winner
diversity index, species diversity index, species richness index, species evenness index, Simpson index and species dominance
index, etc. were applied to quantify definite diversity. The regeneration of species associated with low levels of disturbance
was in the exotic species. Study suggests that proper protection from human disturbances and scientific management of natural
regeneration of two-study forests may lead a rich biodiversity site in the country. 相似文献
1000.
Habitat associations of saplings and adults in an old-growth temperate forest in the Changbai mountains,northeastern China 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Species-habitat association analysis is useful to detect spatial arrangement of individual plants, to discover rules about the distribution of species and to generate hypotheses about the possible underlying process controlling observed structures. Quantifying methods were used to classify habitats in terms of topographical variables in a mixed temperate broad-leaved Korean pine forest of the Changbai mountains in northeastern China. All of the 625 20 m × 20 m quadrats of the plot could be unambiguously assigned to one of three habitat categories (low-plateau, high-plateau and slope). Torus-translation tests were used to estimate species-habitat associations. Many species are clearly distributed in a biased fashion with respect to habitats. Fifteen (55.6%) out of 27 species showed strong positive or negative association with specific habitats. We compared species-habitat associations at the sapling and adult stages. Adjusted density values indicated few species exhibit extremely strong habitat associations. Only 9 out of 26 species had adjusted densities > 3 in the habitat for which they had strong positive affinity. Few species show the same associations at the small tree and large tree stages. Only 3 out of 22 occurring associations with a specific habitat appeared to have a consistent habitat association at the two stages. These results suggest that species-habitat associations exist in the 25-ha plot of the temperate forest of the Chang- bai mountains. Owing to limitations in our statistical methodology, we partly underestimated associations by ignoring rare species. Regeneration niches can contribute to co-existence, but regeneration niches due to habitat associations play a limited role in species co-existence, since most species show a similar trend in habitat associations at the sapling and adult stages. We should pay more attention to shifts in habitat associations, i.e. niche shifts at different stages of existence. 相似文献