Multifocal giant apocrine cystadenomas in a miniature poodle

Apocrine cystadenomas have rarely been reported in dogs. Herein, a dog with multiple, large (1.0–7.0 cm) fluctuant and cystic skin masses on the right pelvic limb and chest is described. Histopathological evaluation revealed cystic cavities lined by single to multiple layers of apocrine epithelium with papillary projections, consistent with apocrine cystadenoma.     

The effect of cadmium on the transformation of ferrihydrite into crystalline products at pH 8

Ferrihydrite, prepared in the presence of 0 to 20 mole % Cd in the solution, was used to study the transformation of ferrihydrite into crystalline products. The result showed that the presence of Cd strongly retards the transformation of ferrihydrite into crystalline products, suppressing the formation of goethite and leading to a product which eventually consists entirely of hematite at pH 8 and at 70 °C. The fraction of hematite in the transformation products increased with increasing level of Cd in the system. When 9 mole % Cd was present, the transformation product consisted entirely of hematite. The chemical analysis and XRD data showed that Cd was incorporated into the lattice of iron oxides, Cd-hematite and Cd-goethite being formed. The mole % Cd which replaced iron in the iron oxides increased with increasing level of Cd in the system below 9 mole % Cd. Above this value, but below 20 mole % the mole % of Cd incorporated in the lattice of iron oxides was constant at about 2.9 mole %. The volume of the unit cell of Cd-goethite increased with increasing level of Cd in the system until the goethite production was entirely suppressed. The volume of the unit cell of Cd-hematite also increased with increasing level of Cd, below 9 mole % of Cd in the system. Above this value, it was constant. Scanning electron microscopic examination showed that the presence of Cd affected the morphology of hematite more than that of goethite. The goethite grew from ferrihydrite as acicular crystals independent of the amount of Cd in the system. The shape of hematite particles varied from irregular platelets with lower Cd level, to ellipsoids, with higher Cd level in the system, and it also suggested that Cd prevented the formation of goethite by hindering the dissolution of ferrihydrite rather than by interfering with nucleation and growth of goethite from solution. The rate of transformation was studied at pH 8, 50 °C and 70 °C. The transformations were first order reactions at both temperatures.     

Limitations of Irrigation Water Quality Guidelines from a Multiple Use Perspective

The standards for irrigation water qualityare currently provided by global andnational guidelines that are mostly basedon the assumption that threshold valuescould be applied to protect crops. Thisapproach can create problems for a largelyunrecognized group of people who make useof irrigation water for non-agriculturalpurposes. At the same time, increasingwater scarcity will lead to the need forrecycling of water in irrigated riverbasins, and the use of low qualityirrigation water. Apart from hazards ofhigh pollutant levels, a sustainabilitycriterion has to be included in the waterquality guidelines to account for long-termlow-level application of certain pollutantsthat can accumulate in the environment.Using the example of cadmium, it is arguedthat the current guidelines need to berevised and should take local factors andfuture developments into account.     

East coast fever: Field challenge of cattle immunised againstTheileria parva (Muguga)

Summary This paper describes some of the work of the Edinburgh University East African Veterinary Expedition of 1969, carried out in conjunction with the F.A.O. Tickborne diseases project at Muguga. Cattle of proven immunity toT.parva (Muguga), together with controls, were exposed to field theirleriosis in two experiments. In both all animals died, though some protective effects of immunisation were demonstrable. The death of immunised animals is considered to be a result of aT.parva challenge by a strain of partial immunogenic difference fromT.parva (Muguga) concurrent with a profound anaemia caused byT.mutans infection.

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Sumario Este artículos describe parte del trabajo de la Expedición Veterinaria al Africa Oriental de la Universidad de Edimburgo en 1969 la cual, se realizó de acuerdo con el proyecto de “enfermedades transmitidas por garrapatas”, de FAO en Muguga. Ganado bovino de inmunidad probada haciaT. parva (Muguga), conjuntamente con controles, fueron expuestos a Theileriosis de campo en dos experimentos. Todos los animales de ambos grupos murieron, aunque se demostraron algunos efectos protectivos de inmunización. La muerte de los animales inmunizados se considera ser un resultado del desafió conT. parva con una cepa de una differencia inmunogénica parcial deT. parva de Muguga, concurrente con una profunda anemia causada por la infección conT. mutans.

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Résumé L’article décrit une partie du travail de l’expédition vétérinaire de l’Université d’Edinburgh, réalisé en Afrique de l’Est en 1969, en collaboration avec le projet de la FAO pour les maladies transmises par les tiques à Muguga. Des bovins dont l’immunité àT. parva (Muguga) avait été prouvée, ont été exposés, avec des témoins, à la theilériose naturelle au cours de deux expériences. Dans les deux cas, tous les animaux sont morts, bien qu’un certain effet protecteur de l’immunisation ait pu être démontré. On considère que la mort des animaux immunisés est due à l’infection par une souche deT. parva ayant une structure immunogène partiellement différent de celle deT. parva (Muguga), combinée à une anémie intense causée par une infection parT. mutans.

     

Interaction of rotavirus and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in conventionally-reared dairy calves

A study was made of the effects of rotavirus and/or enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) on dairy calves born and suckled on the farm and subsequently reared in isolation. Calves were orally inoculated at 6 days old with either rotavirus (5), ETEC (7), rotavirus and ETEC (5) or remained uninoculated controls (4), and their reactions were recorded by clinical, microbiological, and pathological observations. Rotavirus infection consistently produced diarrhoea, while ETEC inoculated alone did not colonise the intestine. In dual infections, both rotavirus and ETEC multiplied, although the severity of diarrhoea was not greater than that caused by rotavirus alone. Some ETEC-inoculated calves developed subsequent naturally-acquired rotavirus infections, but in these no ETEC multiplication occurred. The results suggest that prior or simultaneous rotavirus infection is necessary to enable ETEC colonisation of the intestine in convenstional calves of this age.     

IgG1 antibody in milk protects lambs against rotavirus diarrhoea

Newborn gnotobiotic lambs were fed a diet of diluted evaporated milk supplemented either with normal ewes' milk or with milk obtained from ewes injected parenterally during gestation with rotavirus. Lambs fed 150 ml per day of milk collected 5 days after lambing from normal ewes were susceptible to rotavirus infection and diarrhoea, while lambs fed milk from vaccinated ewes collected either 5 or 12 days after lambing were protected. Analysis of the milk by column chromatography showed the anti-rotavirus activity to be in the fractions containing IgG1.     

A double-blinded placebo-controlled evaluation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells in treatment of canine atopic dermatitis

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as a new therapy for various immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. In this study we perform the first double-blinded, placebo-controlled evaluation of the efficacy of adipose-derived allogenic canine MSCs for the treatment of canine atopic dermatitis (cAD). Enrolled canine patients were randomly divided into placebo (PBS saline), low-dose (5?×?10⁵ cells/kg), and high-dose (5?×?10⁶ cells/kg) treatment groups. Each patient received three subcutaneous MSCs treatments or PBS saline at four-week intervals with injections at five sites. Patients were monitored by physical exams, pruritus visual analog scales (PVAS) signed by the primary caretaker, canine atopic dermatitis extent and severity index-4 (CADESI-4) scores by two veterinarians, and complete blood count and serum chemistry analysis along with laboratory analysis for potential biomarkers. Patients were kept off any immune-modulating drugs during the study period, and oral antibiotics and topicals were used for managing pruritus and secondary infections. The PVAS scores and the serum miR-483 levels were significantly lower in the high dose group compared to the placebo group at day90 post first-treatment. The CADESI-4 scores of the high dose group also showed downward trends. No severe adverse effects were observed in any patient in this study. The high dose MSC treatment is efficacious in alleviating the clinical signs of cAD until 30 days after the last subcutaneous administration of MSCs, and miRNA-483 may be a reliable prognostic biomarker for cAD. The MSCs efficacy and potential biomarkers should be further explored by a larger scale clinical trial.

     

Report from the conference, ‘identifying obstacles to applying big data in agriculture’

Precision Agriculture - Data-centric technology has not undergone widespread adoption in production agriculture but could address global needs for food security and farm profitability. Participants...