广西梧州市环城景观森林生物防火林带建设探讨

介绍了广西梧州市的森林资源和森林防火情况,就环城景观森林生物防火林带的现状及市区范围内发生的森林火灾情况作了阐述,并对建设环城景观森林生物防火林带进行探讨研究及评价。     

大庆野生石刁柏发现初报

2004年在黑龙江大庆发现野生石刁柏,在高寒地带,有野生石刁柏生长,还无报导。将野生石刁柏的形态特征报道如下。     

Functional response of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Quercus robur</Emphasis> L. to taproot pruning: a 5-year case study

Key message

Quercus robur seedling mass was affected more by planting density than by taproot pruning. Root pruning enhanced stem biomass at the expense of roots in later growth stages. Alteration of biomass allocation due to nursery practices may result in greater susceptibility to injury and death of the seedlings under unfavorable environmental conditions.

Context

Plants adjust their growth and modulate the resource allocation in response to applied treatments and environmental conditions.

Aims

The aim was to examine how taproot pruning in seedlings grown at different densities affected long-term growth of Quercus robur.

Methods

Seedlings, sown as acorns at two planting densities, with or without pruned roots were harvested in the second, fourth, and fifth years of growth. The effect of root pruning on biomass allocation was determined by measuring leaf, stem, and root mass fractions; carbohydrate concentrations in the roots; and C/N ratios. Specific leaf area and root length were also determined to assess morphological adaptations to growth conditions.

Results

Total seedling mass was affected more by planting density than by taproot pruning. After 4 years of growth, root mass fractions were lower and stem mass fractions were greater in seedlings planted at a higher density. Five-year old root-pruned seedlings also had a lower root mass fraction and higher stem mass fractions than unpruned seedlings. Specific root length was not affected by root pruning or planting density.

Conclusion

Decrease of relative root biomass with simultaneous increase of stem biomass may be a long-term consequence of taproot pruning of Q. robur, and the effects may manifest years after the seedling stage.

     

4种园林树木叶绿素荧光参数对脱水的响应及耐旱特性分析

以自然生长的国槐、加杨、银杏和黑松的离体枝叶为材料,利用连续激发式叶绿素荧光仪测定脱水过程中叶绿素快速荧光动力学曲线及相关参数的变化,以分析4种树木叶绿素荧光特性随体内水分状况的变化规律及其耐旱特点。结果表明:随着脱水的延续,4种树木的叶绿素荧光动力学曲线发生明显的变化,主要荧光参数Fv/Fm,Fv/Fo,PI等逐渐降低,说明PSⅡ的光化学效率、潜在活性和整个光合电子传递链的效率等均随脱水而下降。以离体后脱水时间为横坐标,主要荧光参数Fv/Fm,Fv/Fo,PI等的下降表现为国槐最快、杨树次之、银杏较慢、黑松最慢,即4种树木抗脱水能力依次增强;但4种植物叶绿素荧光参数快速降低的RWC阈值分别为国槐10%～20%、杨树30%～40%、银杏40%～50%、黑松60%～70%,表现为光合系统对脱水的耐力依次降低。可见,国槐和杨树对脱水有较强的耐受力,但失水快、耗水多,难以适应缺水的环境;黑松抗脱水能力强、耗水少,但对体内水分亏缺的耐受力不强,可以适应半干旱和半湿润环境;银杏的适应性介于上述2类之间。     

大栗鳃金龟生物学特性与防治研究

大栗鳃金龟自１９８５年首次在临夏太子山林区发生后，以５年为一周期于１９９０年、１９９５年定期发生。该虫以幼虫和成虫在土壤内越冬，也以幼虫和成虫对林木幼苗造成巨大为害。幼虫期采用５０％辛硫磷乳剂６００倍液、８０％敌敌畏乳剂６００倍液，防治效果达９０％以上。成虫期采用黑光灯诱杀、人工捕捉，２５％氧乐菊酿乳剂８００倍液或“６６６”烟剂防治，均能收到很好的效果。     

Abundance and richness of invertebrates in shade-grown versus sun-exposed coffee home gardens in Indonesia

Agroforestry Systems - Complex agroforestry systems are suggested as a possible solution to reduce the effects of deforestation in the tropics while enhancing the livelihoods of local human...     

防沙治沙技术对策的探讨

20 0 2年 1 0月 ,世界银行执行委员会通过了新的林业政策与战略 ,旨在保护发展中国家的环境的同时 ,改善以林为生的 5亿极端贫困的居民的生活。委员会强调实现环境保护和努力帮助穷人经营资源二者平衡的重要性。新的林业政策和战略覆盖了所有的森林类型 ,立足于以下 3个同等重要而又相互依赖的方面 :1保护森林提供当地和全球的环境服务和价值 ;2发挥森林的潜力 ,减少贫困 ;3将森林纳入经济可持续发展之中。新政策将努力在发展中国家增加 8%的保护区面积 ,并在这些林区执行严格的采伐禁令。另外 ,通过安排保护区外林区居民的再就业 ,努力改善…     

Historic and current fire regimes in the Great Xing’an Mountains,northeastern China: Implications for long-term forest management

Understanding both historic and current fire regimes is indispensable to sustainable forest landscape management. In this paper, we use a spatially explicit landscape simulation model, LANDIS, to simulate historic and current fire regimes in the Great Xing’an Mountains, in northeastern China. We analyzed fire frequency, fire size, fire intensity, and spatial pattern of burnt patches. Our simulated results show that fire frequency under the current fire scenario is lower than under the historic fire scenario; total area burnt is larger with lower fire intensity under the historic fire scenario, and smaller with higher fire intensity under the current fire scenario. We also found most areas were burned by high intensity fires under the current fire scenario, but by low to moderate fires under the historic fire scenario. Burnt patches exhibit a different pattern between the two simulation scenarios. Large patches burnt by high intensity class fires dominate the landscape under the current fire scenario, and under historic fire scenario, patches burnt by low to moderate fire intensity fires have relatively larger size than those burnt by high intensity fires. Based on these simulated results, we suggest that prescribed burning or coarse woody debris reduction should be incorporated into forest management plans in this region, especially on north-facing slopes. Tree planting may be a better management option on these severely burned areas whereas prescribed burning after small area selective cutting, retaining dispersed seed trees, may be a sound forest management alternative in areas except for the severely burned patches.     

Predicting the distributions of suitable habitat for three larch species under climate warming in Northeastern China

The larch (Larix) genus is the most important species group in the forest ecosystems in Northeastern China, occupying about 25% of the forest areas. The high tolerance to coldness and relatively fast growth rate make this genus the main species group for forestation. According to the predictions of the global circulation model CGCM3, temperature could rise by 2–4 °C over the next 100 years. Few studies have been conducted on the response of larch species to climate warming in Northeastern China. Such studies are becoming increasingly needed due to the economic and ecological significance of this genus. This paper studies the potential distribution ranges of three larch species under the current and the warming climate conditions. A new classification and regression tree technique, Random Forest, was used to investigate the potential distributions of three larch species, based on 18 environmental variables which reflect the climate, topography and soil conditions of Northeastern China. The results showed that the biological coldness index (BCI) is the most important factor for Dahurian larch, annual precipitation (AP) is the most important factor for Korean larch and elevation (DEM) is the most important factor for Prince Rupprecht larch.     

Using the LANDIS model to evaluate forest harvesting and planting strategies under possible warming climates in Northeastern China

The Small Khingan Mountains in northeastern China provide most of the timber and wood products in the country. Evaluating the long-term effects of harvesting and planting strategies is important especially as the climate changes. In this study, we evaluated the effects of the projected climate warming on potential changes in species’ coverage (percent cover), area harvested (percentage of the study area) and species harvested, using the LANDIS model. Our evaluation was based on the harvest and planting plans specified in Natural Forest Protection Project (NFPP). Our simulated results show that the coverage of southern species such as Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) and ribbed birch (Betula costata) increases, whereas the coverage of northern species like larch (Larix gmelinii), Kingan fir (Abies nephrolepis), spruces (Picea koraiensis and P. jezoensis) and Dahur birch (Betula davurica) decreases under the warming climate in the region. The species harvested primarily consist of the southern species, especially deciduous species under the warming climate. The warming climate leads to 11.2% increase in area harvested compared to that under the current climate, when planting is not simulated. When planting is simulated, tradeoffs between planting and area harvested are complex. The area harvested only increases in places where moderate planting is implemented, and decreases in places with both low (≤5% area planted) and high (≥30%) planting percentage. This is because when the planting percentage is low, the rate of increase of harvestable species due to planting is lower than the rate of decrease of warming-declining species. When the planting percentage is high, the rate of increase of planted species is higher than the rate of colonization of warming-adapted deciduous species, and the planted species delay the establishment of the warming-adaptable species that have short harvest rotations (due to lower harvestable ages). Our results suggest that the management strategy with planting area of 20% is the best among all the scenarios simulated. Under this warming climate, moderate planting area (e.g. 20%) increases the area harvested to about 43%, which is still less than that (58%) designated in the NFPP. These results have important implications for forest managers designing sustainable forest harvest and reforestation strategies for the landscape under the warming climate.