Asymmetric dimethylarginine protects PC12 cells against glutamate-induced excitotoxic damage

AIM: To investigate the effects of asymmetric dimethylaoyoinine (ADMA) on glutamate-induced PC12 cell damage and its mechanisms. METHODS: PC12 cells were treated with different concentrations of glutamate as an in vitro excitotoxic trauma model. The cell viability was measured by MTT assay. Glutamate cytotoxicity was evaluated by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay. Intercellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was detected by dihydrorhodamine123 (DHR) staining and flow cytometric (FCM) analysis. Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity and nitric oxide (NO) production were detected by using commercial kits with a spectrophotometer. RESULTS: Glutamate at concentrations of 1 mmol/L to 6 mmol/L dose-dependently decreased PC12 cell viability. Pretreatment 30 min with ADMA prior to administration of glutamate significantly attenuated the inhibition of cell viability, LDH release and ROS accumulation induced by glutamate. Pretreatment with ADMA significantly inhibited the increases in NOS activity and NO production caused by glutamate. CONCLUSION: ADMA obviously protects PC12 cells against glutamate-induced excitotoxicity by inhibiting NOS activity, overproduction of NO and accumulation of intracellular ROS.     

Inhibition of hypothermic preservation-induced Smac/DIABLO protein expression by diazoxide in donor rat myocardium

AIM: To investigate the effect of a mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channel (mitoKATP) opener diazoxide (DE) on Smac/DIABLO protein expressions in rat heart suffered from different duration of hypothermic preservation. METHODS: The Langendorff model of isolated rat heart was used. After stored in 4 ℃ Celsior solution with or without DE (30 μmol/L) for different time (0, 3, 6, 9 or 12 h). Cell apoptosis was detected by TUNEL technique. The expression of Smac/DIABLO protein in cytoplasm and total caspase-3 protein in myocardia tissue was also analyzed by Western blotting. RESULTS: (1) Compared to the hypothermic preservation groups, DE reduced the percentage of apoptotic cells and the expression of caspase-3 protein in myocardia tissue. (2) The peak of Smac/DIABLO protein expression level appeared at 6 h after hypothermic preservation, and which was postponed to 9 h by DE. (3) The above effects of DE were attenuated by a mitoKATP channel inhibitor 5-hydroxydecanoate (5-HD). CONCLUSION: The findings indicate that in the isolated rat heart, DE protects myocardium against different duration of hypothermic preservation injury via opening of mitoKATP channel and inhibition of Smac/DIABLO protein expression.     

大白菜根肿病主要生理小种种群分化鉴定初报

采用Williams法的4个鉴别寄主（Jersey Queen、Badger Shipper、Laurentian 、Wilhelmsburger）,对采自国内15个大白菜根肿病主要发病区域的病原菌进行了生理小种种群的鉴定。结果表明：辽宁沈阳新民大民屯、辽宁沈阳西窑、辽宁大连水师营、辽宁丹东振安,山东青岛农业科学院、山东苍山小林村,云南江川,四川郫县,吉林乌拉街东窑村、吉林乌拉街旧街村、吉林梨树镇11个地区的根肿病菌为4号生理小种;辽宁本溪桓仁的根肿病菌为2号生理小种;四川彭州地区的根肿病菌为7号生理小种;四川西昌地区的根肿病菌为10号生理小种;辽宁沈阳农业大学根肿病菌为11号生理小种。     

甘蓝与萝卜属间杂交及其胚挽救技术优化

以甘蓝显性雄性不育系C08-11为母本,以萝卜自交系Q07-12为父本进行属间杂交,对杂交子房和胚珠进行离体培养,筛选适合甘蓝与萝卜属间杂种胚挽救的适宜取材时间、培养基及外源添加物。结果表明,胚珠培养优于子房培养;所有处理子房培养仅获得3株杂交苗,取材时间以授粉后第9天为宜,B5培养基中添加合适的生长调节剂、水解酪蛋白和活性炭为子房培养所必需;胚珠培养各处理共获得29株杂交苗,适宜取材时间为蕾期授粉后第14天、花期授粉后第16天,对生长调节剂的需求取决于不同取材时期及培养基。     

外源铬对两个豇豆品种苗期生长的影响

采用土培法,研究了不同浓度的外源铬(0、2、8、15、25 mg/kg)对2个豇豆品种幼苗生长的影响.结果表明:低浓度的外源铬(2 mg/kg)对2个豇豆品种幼苗的株高、地上部鲜重有显著促进作用;高浓度的外源铬(15 mg/kg)对2个品种幼苗的株高、主根长起显著或极显著的抑制作用,对特抗病高产四号的地上部鲜重、叶面积有极显著抑制作用.综合各项指标,特抗病高产四号比丰产一号对铬敏感.     

香菇液体菌种固化技术研究

食用菌液体菌种由于具有不耐贮藏和不便于运输等缺点,极大地限制了液体菌种的推广应用。研究报道了一种食用菌液体菌种固化技术,可有效解决液体菌种的上述缺点。在优选的蔗糖、豆饼粉液体培养基中摇瓶培养香菇856,将得到的菌丝球与优选的主要成分是棉籽壳的固化载体基质按1∶6的比例混合,制成固化菌种,室温保藏30d,与保藏0d的固化菌种相比,呼吸强度低,纤维素酶活力明显升高,萌发力强,菌丝生长快。     

秀珍菇生物富硒及富集水平

比较了不同采集地秀珍菇(Pleurotus geesteranus)子实体中硒含量、不同秀珍菇菌株对亚硒酸钠耐受能力和转化率,筛选富硒菌株与亚硒酸钠的最佳添加水平.结果表明,不同来源的子实体中硒含量存在差异;菌株XJ-1的耐硒能力与硒吸收转化率最高;液体培养XJ-1时,菌丝对亚硒酸钠的生理耐受敏感临界区间为3.0～5.0 μg/100 mL,亚硒酸钠添加水平在1.5～3.0 μg/mL时,菌丝对硒的转化水平最高.     

海参微波冻干过程活性成分保存研究

针对海参传统干制技术周期长、复水困难、活性成分损失率大的问题,寻找一种合理的干制海参方法以有效保存海参中的活性成分,同时操作成本又较低.研究了不同干燥工艺对海参活性成分的影响规律,以及各种干燥方式的能耗和复水性,得出微波冷冻干燥可有效保存海参活性成分,其能耗较低,干燥周期较短.最后得出合理的微波冷冻干燥工艺参数:最佳物料表面温度上限设为60℃,最佳功率取2 W/g.能耗比常规冷冻干燥节约近50%.     

真鲷与黑鲷杂交繁育技术研究

通过对真鲷黑鲷杂交繁育,培育出一种能结合父母本性状,具有生长速度快、抗逆性强的杂交子一代。2006年3月从海区选购真鲷（Pagrosomusmajor）、黑鲷（Spraus macrocephalus）亲鱼,通过强化培育,性腺促熟,于4月进行干法人工授精。通过对真鲷♀×黑鲷8及黑鲷♀×真鲷♂获得杂交受精卵,结果真鲷♀×黑鲷♂受精率为87．4％,孵化率为85％,出苗率14．28％;黑鲷♀×真鲷♂受精率为92．1％,孵化率为90％,出苗率7．2％,该批次共获得正交反交杂交鱼苗32000尾。从杂交实际结果看,不管正交还是反交都比自交的结果差,说明它们之间存在生殖隔离,杂交繁育难度相当大,要达到规模生产。需要继续研究、试验。     

不同大气压下直喷式柴油机的性能研究

在大气模拟试验台架上对运行在不同大气压下的直喷式柴油机的经济性、动力性、烟度及噪声特性进行对比试验研究与分析。试验结果表明:随着大气压力的减少,柴油机有效燃油消耗率、小时燃油消耗量、排气温度、烟度及噪声声功率增加,动力性下降。