松杉木屑栽培香菇“宁香8号”的选育

香菇“宁香 8号”为适合用松杉木屑物料栽培的新菌株。生物学特性表明 :香菇宁香 8号适应范围广 (10～ 2 3℃ ) ,菌丝生长期短 (5 8～ 6 0d) ,生物效率高 (室内栽培 81.6 0 % ,生产中试 92 .85 % ) ,子实体中型匀称 ,柄细而短 ,伞厚 ,含水量低 ,最突出的是适应松杉木屑栽培。     

手扶拖拉机运输机组性能分析

 本文对手扶拖拉机运输机组的性能进行了分析探讨,提出正确使用手扶拖拉机进行运输作业应重视的问题.     

Ultrafast electron crystallography of interfacial water

We report direct determination of the structures and dynamics of interfacial water on a hydrophilic surface with atomic-scale resolution using ultrafast electron crystallography. On the nanometer scale, we observed the coexistence of ordered surface water and crystallite-like ice structures, evident in the superposition of Bragg spots and Debye-Scherrer rings. The structures were determined to be dominantly cubic, but each undergoes different dynamics after the ultrafast substrate temperature jump. From changes in local bond distances (OH.O and O.O) with time, we elucidated the structural changes in the far-from-equilibrium regime at short times and near-equilibration at long times.     

环境对蚕豆根病镰刀菌消长和致病性的影响

 蚕豆根病病残体置于不同环境下,病原菌消减速度和致病性变异的程度不同:在模拟的大田浸泡和自然干湿交替系统中,菌群消减较置于室内干燥条件下快,其致病力与寄生阶段相比显著下降。病菌在蚕豆秸浸渍液中的繁殖量比在土壤浸渍液中大。除已知的初侵染源外,豆田稻茬也是这些病原菌的来源之一。     

不同肥料类型和处理对水稻氮肥农学利用率的影响

选用当前我省大面积种植的5个水稻品种,在7种不同施肥处理下进行裂区试验,探讨不同施肥类型与水稻产量和农学利用率的关系.结果表明:尿素+控失剂+饼肥配合施肥处理可以显著提高水稻的产量,平均较对照增产51.7%;该施肥处理还可以明显提高水稻的氮肥农学利用率,较尿素+饼肥施肥处理平均增加了20.1%;品种K优52和协优52在不同施肥处理下的平均产量和平均氮肥农学利用率均高于其它试验品种,分别为6.06 kg/667m2、10.3kg稻谷/kg N与6.10 kg/667m2、11.8kg稻谷/kg N.因此,控失剂的配合辅助施用可以提高水稻产量和农学利用率;K优52和协优52的平均氮素农学利用效率高于其它品种.     

不同密度与施氮量对玉米品质的影响

采用二次饱和D最优设计方法,研究了不同密度、氮肥施用量对玉米品质的影响,结果表明:合理密植,增施氮肥,有利于提高玉米产量和改善玉米品质;通过模拟试验和优化选择,提出了玉米产量≥7500kg/hm2、粗淀粉≥65%、粗脂肪≥4.55%、粗蛋白质≥11.2%、赖氨酸≥0.33%、色氨酸≥0.075%的栽培措施,其相应的密度为53475~72435株/hm2,氮肥施用量为278.85~488.70kg/hm2。     

NMU化学诱变剂对早籼稻性状改良的初步研究

通过对NMU化学诱变剂诱变的11个早籼稻品种的主要经济性状的分析,得出:NMU对株高等主要经济性状均有诱变作用,但对不同性状的效果不同。株高的变异幅度最大,其次是单株谷重,播始历期的变异幅度最小;NMU诱变具有一定的方向性和专一性,11个品种中,播始历期缩短和穗粒数增加的机率较大,千粒重增大、结实率提高以及单株谷重的增加也有一定的可能性;NMU诱变还具有高效性,能够将早熟、高产及优质有机地结合到一起,解决了常规育种方法难以达到的目标;NMU诱变也具有特异性,例如在早籼26后代中出现了糯性变异株系。竹青的诱变后代出现了外观品质较优的株系。此外,还可以获得一些诸如常绿等特异型种质资源。说明:NMU化学诱变剂及这项诱变技术用于水稻育种及品种改良是十分有效的。     

Influence of land use on water quality in a tropical landscape: a multi-scale analysis

There is a pressing need to understand the consequences of human activities, such as land transformations, on watershed ecosystem services. This is a challenging task because different indicators of water quality and yield are expected to vary in their responsiveness to large versus local-scale heterogeneity in land use and land cover (LUC). Here we rely on water quality data collected between 1977 and 2000 from dozens of gauge stations in Puerto Rico together with precipitation data and land cover maps to (1) quantify impacts of spatial heterogeneity in LUC on several water quality indicators; (2) determine the spatial scale at which this heterogeneity influences water quality; and (3) examine how antecedent precipitation modulates these impacts. Our models explained 30–58% of observed variance in water quality metrics. Temporal variation in antecedent precipitation and changes in LUC between measurements periods rather than spatial variation in LUC accounted for the majority of variation in water quality. Urbanization and pasture development generally degraded water quality while agriculture and secondary forest re-growth had mixed impacts. The spatial scale over which LUC influenced water quality differed across indicators. Turbidity and dissolved oxygen (DO) responded to LUC in large-scale watersheds, in-stream nitrogen concentrations to LUC in riparian buffers of large watersheds, and fecal matter content and in-stream phosphorus concentration to LUC at the sub-watershed scale. Stream discharge modulated impacts of LUC on water quality for most of the metrics. Our findings highlight the importance of considering multiple spatial scales for understanding the impacts of human activities on watershed ecosystem services.     

2-D数字阀用低惯量旋转电磁铁及其矩角特性研究

针对传统2-D数字阀用电-机械转换器转动惯量大、动态响应低的不足,研制了一种空心杯转子结构的低惯量旋转电磁铁.通过磁路解析讨论了电磁铁结构和运行参数对输出力矩的影响;基于Ansoft/Maxwell 3-D平台对其矩角特性进行了有限元模拟.试验结果和仿真结果基本一致,该低惯量旋转电磁铁具有较大的静力矩,其矩角特性近似于正弦波形,可用作高频2-D数字阀的电-机械转换器.     

多孔介质物料热风干燥研究进展

多孔介质物料的热风干燥是许多工农业生产部门的重要生产工序,其干燥效能直接影响产品质量.多年来,国内外研究人员在多孔介质物料热风干燥领域进行了大量的研究工作,发展了多孔介质孔道网络模型,分析了分形多孔介质传热传质规律,建立了众多针对具体干燥对象的干燥模型,研制了多种多孔介质湿含量在线检测装置等.为此,从理论分析、数值模拟和实验研究3个层面综述了以上多孔介质物料热风干燥的研究进展,并对其发展趋势进行了展望.