Production, characterization, and cross-reactivity studies of monoclonal antibodies against the coccidiostat nicarbazin

A cELISA was developed for the coccidiostat nicarbazin. On the basis of previous computer-assisted molecular modeling studies, p-nitrosuccinanilic acid (PNA-S) was selected as a hapten to produce antibodies to 4,4'-dinitrocarbanilide (DNC), the active component of the coccidiostat nicarbazin. Synthesis is described for the hapten [p-nitro-cis-1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxanilic acid (PNA-C)] used in a BSA conjugate as a plate coating antigen. Monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) were isolated that compete with nicarbazin, having IgM(kappa) isotype. Because of the lack of water solubility of nicarbazin, N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) (3%, v/v) and acetonitrile (ACN) (10%, v/v) were added to the assay buffer to achieve solubility of nicarbazin and related compounds. The Nic 6 Mabs had an IC(35) value for nicarbazin of 0.92 nmol/mL, with a limit of detection of 0.33 nmol/mL. Nic 6 exhibited high cross-reactivity for PNA-S and PNA-C, and 3-nitrophenol, 4-nitrophenol, and 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl) urea. However, Nic 6 had little or no cross-reactivity with 15 other related compounds.     

The Formation of Tidal Creeks in a Salt Marsh: New Evidence from the Loyola Bay Salt Marsh,Rio Gallegos Estuary,Argentina

A mechanism is proposed for the Formation of tidal creeks in salt marshes which is exemplified by the marshes of the Rio Gallegos estuary, Argentina. It has been observed that salt pans are elongated in the mean wind direction and are likely to extend by wave erosion of the surrounding marshes. Interconnection between the pans leads to growth and interaction with existing creeks and channels. Tidal exchange of the waters then promotes further erosion, or subsequently to filling in by the introduced suspended sediment. This mechanism contrasts with headward erosion by existing creeks.     

Urinary catheterisation of female dogs: a comparison between three techniques for catheter placement

The objective of this study was to describe a new technique for urinary catheterisation of female dogs using a novel catheterisation device (NCD) and to compare the time taken to place a catheter using this technique with traditional techniques. A secondary objective was to survey participants on which of the techniques they preferred. Female canine cadavers of varying sizes were utilised and veterinary students who had not previously placed a urinary catheter were enrolled. Each participant performed three catheterisation techniques, Visual with speculum (SPEC), Blind Palpation (BP) and catheterisation with NCD on three sizes of dog. Time required using each technique was compared using Kaplan–Meier plots and mixed models Cox Proportional Hazards regression. Median times to catheterisation were 300 s (IQR 261–417 s) with the SPEC method, 420 s (IQR 253–545 s) with the NCD method and 725 s (574–1032s) with the BP method. Both SPEC and NCD methods were significantly faster compared to the BP method, with Hazard Ratios of 3.66 (95% CI 1.94–6.91, P < 0.001) and 3.57 (95% CI 1.87–6.81, P < 0.001), respectively. Six of nine participants found the NCD the easiest technique, 5/9 of the participants found the palpation technique most difficult and 4/9 found the speculum technique most difficult. BP appears to be the technique of least preference and increased time requirement. The novel urinary catheterisation device may provide a simpler method of visualisation of the urethral papilla and may provide a more sterile way of placing the catheter, although further investigation is needed to confirm this.     

Re: Analysis of the risk of introduction and spread of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus through importation of raw pigmeat into New Zealand

Extract

In the paper by EJ Neumann, RS Morris and M Sujau published in the New Zealand Veterinary Journal 55, 326–336, 2007, entitled, “Analysis of the risk of introduction and spread of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus through importation of raw pigmeat into New Zealand”, the authors sought to analyse the risk of the introduction and spread of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus through importation of raw pigmeat. As cautioned by the International Committee of the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE), any epidemiological model ultimately depends for its validity on the accuracy and completeness of the data underpinning it.     

替米考星对仔猪呼吸道感染的疗效试验

进行了替米考星对仔猪呼吸道感染的疗效试验,并与泰乐菌素、支炎净、氟苯尼考、克林霉素进行比较。替米考星治疗组仔猪死亡率、有效率、治愈率分别为5.88%、94.12%和88.23%,经统计学分析,效果显著优于对照组(P<0.01);替米考星预防组仔猪发病率、死亡率、有效率和15 d增重分别为4.76%、0、100%和(5.65±1.25)kg,经统计学分析,有效率、治愈率和相对增重显著高于对照组(P<0.01),仔猪发病率、死亡率明显低于对照组(P<0.01)。试验结果表明,替米考星对仔猪呼吸道感染疗效显著,具有临床使用和推广价值。