宁夏枸杞的生物学特性及开发利用前景

枸杞在我国栽培历史十分悠久，我国最早的诗歌总集《诗经》里就有上山采枸杞的记载。可见，早在2 000多年前的春秋时期，我国人民就知道栽培利用枸杞了。唐宋以来的医书及其他诗文，都有记述。在古代，枸杞主要分布在3个地区，一是甘肃的张掖(古称甘州)一带，产品称"甘枸杞"；二是宁夏中宁、中卫等地，产品称"西枸杞"；三是天津地区，据说是从宁夏引进的，产品称"津枸杞"。其中宁夏枸杞栽培历史悠久、品质优良、早已畅销全国，成为古代的贡品。如今，宁夏枸杞畅销国内外，成了宁夏的古老名牌产品，其开发利用前景十分广阔。     

牛BMP-15基因cDNA的克隆和序列分析

BMP-15基因主要在哺乳动物卵巢中表达,对卵泡的发育和分化起重要作用,克隆了牛BMP-15成熟肽编码区的cDNA序列并进行序列分析,旨在为BMP-15在牛繁殖性能方面的进一步研究奠定理论基础。根据其他物种BMP-15基因的保守序列设计特异性引物,扩增牛的cDNA序列。从牛卵巢中提取总RNA,采用RT-PCR技术扩增出牛BMP-15cDNA序列。将此片段克隆到PMD18-T载体中,经菌落PCR鉴定和DNA序列测定分析验证,证实所克隆序列BMP-15为骨形态发生蛋白,符合骨形态发生蛋白基因的特征。序列分析表明,该cDNA包含有1 185 bp组成的开放读码框(ORF),该ORF编码394个氨基酸,与绵羊、猪、人、小鼠等动物氨基酸序列比对发现同源性分别为98.5%,87.6%,74.0%,69.4%。     

Overview: Restructuring Chinese space in the new millennium

This collection is concerned with understanding the nature of China’s spatial development during the transition to a socialist market economy. It does so primarily by questioning the applicability of the ‘desakota’ model and extended metropolitan region (EMR) concept to the contemporary Chinese space economy. Yu Zhu’s contribution extends the ‘desakota’ model by applying it to rural areas without the attraction of large cities. Wing‐Shing Tang and Him Chung’s contribution discusses illegal land use and construction to highlight the rural‐urban transition’s negative and disintegrative aspects glossed over by the ‘desakota’ model, which stem from the extension of urban administration to former rural areas and the redistributive effects of land use reform. Andrew Marton sees the original ‘desakota’ model being rejuvenated by introducing the notion of rural agglomeration, a clearer recognition of local administrative structures and an appreciation that development issues now take place within a global‐local framework. George Lin explores the lingering effects of rural origins on Chinese identity and how this affects subsequent social and commercial groups within the Chinese diaspora. Peter Rimmer and Claude Comtois show how changes in China’s transport and telecommunications industry underlie, to a significant degree, the restructuring of China’s space economy and the country’s links to the rest of the world. Overall the contributions highlight that a new consensus will be required for any revised model of the Chinese space economy if this is to provide guidance for planners engaged in restructuring Chinese space in the new millennium.     

盐碱土微生物功能群季节动态与土壤理化因子的关系

选取河西走廊东端永登县6种盐碱土壤类型,对各样地微生物功能群的季节动态与土壤理化因子之间的关系进行分析.结果表明:①盐碱环境中土壤细菌＞放线菌＞真菌,细菌和放线菌数量在夏季出现峰值,真菌数量在秋季和冬季出现峰值;不同微生物功能群基本上只有一个峰值且峰值出现的季节不同,与碳循环相关的纤维素分解菌功能群的峰值出现在冬季,与...     

安格斯牛与西藏犏牛杂交生产肉牛试验初报

[目的]犏牛可以生活在海拔2 800~4 200 m,对高寒缺氧的生态环境具有很强的适应能力,是“世界屋脊”的著名牛种,为了提高西藏犏牛资源的综合利用,其后代变废为宝。[方法]在试验区选择200头经产母犏牛通过引进安格斯牛的细管冻精,依靠人工授精技术,应用种间三元杂交技术生产优质商品肉牛试验,测定初生、3月龄的体重、体尺指标,观察高寒气候的适应性。[结果]结果显示:参配母犏牛200头,实配160头,其中104头母犏牛怀孕受胎,98头顺利产犊。实配率80%,人工授精受胎率65%,成活率94.23%。犏牛平均妊娠期(266.81±11.93) d。安格斯与西藏犏牛杂交后代的出生体尺、体重与传统杂交犊牛(多勒)相比,平均体重增加8.95 kg,提高73.23;体高、体斜长、胸围、管围平均分别比传统杂交犊牛(多勒)增加7.491 cm,1.394 cm,8.998 cm,0.063 cm,提高了13.94%,2.56%,15.70%,0.068%。安格斯与西藏犏牛杂交后代的3月龄与传统杂交犊牛(多勒)相比,平均体重增加43.3 kg,提高168.89;体高、体斜长、胸围、管围平均分别比传统杂交犊牛(多勒)增加15.67 cm,16.95 cm,26.31 cm,1.64 cm,提高23.27%,24.76%,34.31%,15.83%。[结论]弥补了犏牛传统杂交后代普遍存在的体躯发育差、生长发育慢等缺陷,且很好地适应西藏高寒生态环境和管理条件,杂种优势十分明显,因此安格斯牛可作为高原环境下繁殖犏牛生产肉牛的理想父本品种使用,并拥有开发高端产品的巨大潜力。     

骆驼蓬种子发芽特性的研究

骆驼蓬是青藏高原地区生态恢复重要的地被植物。采用不同温度热水浸泡种子和在不同发芽温度下处理种子的方法来研究驼驼蓬种子的发芽特性。结果表明:骆驼蓬种子浸泡在30~40℃的水中2小时,可促进发芽,发芽较快,30℃时的发芽率最高;在温度20~25℃之间骆驼蓬种子发芽较快且发芽整齐,25℃的发芽势最强、发芽率最高。     

Analysis of the CpG Methylation Pattern on GDF11 Gene Exon 1 in Ujumqin Sheep

In order to investigate the methylation patterns on growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) gene exon 1 in Ujumqin sheep,we compared the level of methylation of GDF11 gene exon 1 in common Ujumqin sheep (CUS) and multi-vertebrae Ujumqin sheep (MUS) using the bisulfite sequencing PCR (BSP) method.The results showed that the average methylation rate of GDF11 gene exon 1 for MUS was extremely significantly higher than that for CUS (P<0.01),the average methylation rate of common Ujumqin sheep and multi-vertebrae Ujumqin sheep were 0.123 and 0.569.Analysis of 13 CpGs of GDF11 gene exon 1 showed that the CpG_11 and CpG_13 methylation sites had the highest methylation rate with a combined methylation value of 90% for MUS.Our results suggested that differential DNA methylation of GDF11 gene exon 1,in particular at these two sites,might cause the increase in the number of vertebrae in Ujumqin sheep.     

铅镉联合对新生大鼠大脑皮质神经细胞形态学损伤的研究

为了观察铅、镉及其联合对新生大鼠大脑皮质神经细胞的形态学影响,本试验通过对原代培养的新生大鼠大脑皮质神经细胞经提取、纯化和鉴定后,分九组进行单独或联合染毒,染毒时间为12 h,显微镜观察神经细胞形态并测量其胞体短直径和突起长度的变化.结果显示,与对照组相比,各试验组神经细胞密度降低,神经网络减少;各试验组神经细胞胞体短直径显著减小(P<0.05),突起长度显著变短(P<0.05);随铅、镉单剂量作用浓度的增加,神经细胞胞体短直径和突起长度有减小趋势,但组问差异不显著(P>0.05).与相应铅、镉单独染毒组比较.各铅镉联合染毒组神经细胞胞体短直径减小、突起长度变短更加明显,部分组间差异显著(P<0.05).结果表明,铅、镉作用浓度与神经细胞形态改变存在明显的剂量一效应关系,铅镉联合表现协同毒性效应.     

斜茎黄芪生物碱成分GC-MS分析

采用生物碱系统提取、薄层色谱和GC-MS分析技术,研究斜茎黄芪生物碱成分.结果表明,4.5 kg斜茎黄芪得到酸性和碱性氯仿部分生物碱分别为5.4g和3.6g,提取率为1.3％和0.8％；薄层色谱分析,酸性和碱性氯仿部分生物碱分别在氯仿∶甲醇=15∶1(Ⅴ∶ Ⅴ)和甲醇∶氨水=10∶1(Ⅴ∶Ⅴ)展开体系展开效果最佳,均呈现5个显色斑点；GC-MS分析,酸性和碱性氯仿部分各鉴定出7种生物碱,酸性氯仿部分以别隐品碱(34.84％)、原阿片碱(31.36％)和坎那定(21.46％)含量较高,碱性氯仿部分以别隐品碱(71.74％)、Oxyhydrostinine (7.45％)和坎那定(5.35％)含量较高.斜茎黄芪含有生物碱,且以别隐品碱、原阿片碱、坎那定碱和Oxyhydrostinine为主.