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941.
Most potato transgenic research has focused on development of resistance to pathogens and modification of potato physiology.
Many transgenes, particularly those conferring pathogen resistance, could substantially lower potato production costs in developing
countries. However, transgenes have not been reported in sexually propagated 4x-2x potato hybrids commonly grown in developing countries. Two transgenes,the Bacillus thuringiensis cry3Aa endotoxin protein gene and the PVY°coat protein gene, were engineered intodiploid and tetraploid potato using Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. Cry3Aa was produced at high levels in several lines while the PVY° coat protein was not expressed.
Diplandroid and tetraploid genotypes were crossed to produce transgenic 4x-2x hybrids. Genetic transformation had no discernable effect on fertility ofthe primary transformants, germination of4x-2x seed derived from the transformants and agronomic performance(tuber set, average tuber weight and total tuber yield) of the
4x-2xhybrids. The transgenic 4x-2xhybrids produced non-viable pollen and could only be crossed as female parents. Results suggest that transgenes, such ascry3Aa, could be expressed in 4x-2x hybrids to lower costs of production with no significant effect on plant phenotype.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
942.
Summary Genetic variability in the apple [Malus] fruit disorder bitter pit and fruit calcium concentrations ([Ca]) was determined in 25 seedling families at each of two sites from 1999 to 2000 and again for one site, in 2001. Most trees were free of pit or had low pit incidence, which could be approximated by an over-dispersed binomial distribution. A genetic component to external and internal pit incidence was found across both sites and all years. This effect was irrespective of the use of several cropping factors, average fruit weight or fruit mineral concentrations as covariates in the analyses. Year and/or site always had substantial effects on pit incidence. Interactions of genetic effects with site or year were also detected with large differences in mean pit incidence between sites or years for some families but not others. No relationship was found between mean family pit incidence and mean family [Ca] or mean family harvest date. However fruit [Ca] and harvest date were usually important predictors of within-family variation in pit incidence. For any one seedling, family had the largest effect on bitter pit incidence followed by site and [Ca] and the smallest effect was that of harvest date. [Ca] showed a strong genetic component and estimated family means of [Ca] were consistent at different sites and years. These results suggest that susceptibility of apple genotypes to bitter pit in breeding programmes may be best assessed through screening across multiple sites and seasons. Fruit [Ca] might be useful as an indirect selection index for bitter pit within, but not among families. 相似文献
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944.
In the province of Bolívar in the Andean region 212 farmers, six salesmen and 14 technicians, involved in maize production,
were interviewed. The majority of the farmers interviewed were small-holders; 64% of the farmers had a farm size of less than
4.5 ha. Maize is the most important crop and is often grown in association with beans. Most maize, 96%, is soft maize meant
for human consumption. The cultivars grown are open pollinated ones. One cultivar, ‘Guagal’, was grown extensively. A few others, among which an improved version of Guagal were of some importance. In the production
of maize the farmers consider damage due to insects, wind (lodging), diseases, drought and hail, the low prices for their
surplus maize and the high costs of fertilizers, chemicals, sowing seed and labour as the most important constraints. The
seed for sowing the next crop mainly came from seed kept from the last harvest. Farmers indicated that they select from the
harvested ears the healthy looking larger ones. Kernel type also was a selection criterion. Selection for plant type in the
field was rarely done. Of the farmers 71% stored the maize as kernels while 29% stored the seed kept on the ears. The storage
was predominantly done somewhere in the house in plastic (56%) or cloth bags (14%), in a pile (13%), just on the floor (4%)
or in cans (4%). Some farmers still had seed left from the last sowing and were willing to give a sample for testing. From
32 such samples the quality was assessed by INIAP, the Ecuadorean governmental research and breeding organisation. The samples
were consistently of a low quality. Especially the vigour of the seedlings was poor and most of the seeds were infected or
contaminated by fungi. In the region a few salesmen offer maize seed for sale of cultivar Guagal at prices affordable by the
farmer. Of improved cultivars the prices were higher than most farmers are willing to pay. The technicians considered good
seed quality and good maintenance of the cultivars effective methods in obtaining better yields. Many farmers do not have
access to seed of INIAP and are not familiar with the improved cultivars. 相似文献
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946.
Quantitative trait loci for phytate in rice grain and their relationship with grain micronutrient content 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
James C. R. Stangoulis Bao-Lam Huynh Ross M. Welch Eun-Young Choi Robin D. Graham 《Euphytica》2007,154(3):289-294
Phytate (inositol-hexa-phosphate) has an important role in plants but it also may have anti-nutritional properties in animals
and humans. While there is debate within the plant breeding and nutrition communities regarding an optimum level in grain,
there appears to be little information at the molecular level for the genetics of this trait, and its association with important
trace elements, in particular, Fe and Zn. In this preliminary study, quantitative trait loci (QTL) for grain phytates, Zn
and Fe in glasshouse-grown rice lines from an IR64 × Azucena doubled haploid population were identified. Correlations between
phytate and essential nutrients were also studied. Transgressive segregation was found for most traits. Phytate and total
P concentrations had one QTL in common located on chromosome five with the (high concentration) allele contributed from Azucena.
There were significant positive correlations between phytate and inorganic phosphorus (P), total P, Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn concentrations
for both grain concentration and content. However, the QTLs of phytate were not located on the same chromosomal regions as
those found for Fe, Zn and Mn, suggesting that they were genetically different and thus using molecular markers in breeding
and selection would modify the phytate level without affecting grain micronutrient density. 相似文献
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