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排序方式: 共有90条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
21.
Lee MG Villa R Trojer P Norman J Yan KP Reinberg D Di Croce L Shiekhattar R 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,318(5849):447-450
22.
Nadia Musco Valeria Maria Morittu Vincenzo Mastellone Anna Antonella Spina Giuseppe Vassalotti Biagio D’Aniello Raffaella Tudisco Federico Infascelli Pietro Lombardi 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2021,105(Z1):26-33
A nutritional supplement (Ecotrofin™, by Vetoquinol Italia S.r.l) recommended in ruminants feeding to strengthen the physiological condition and improve digestive performance was tested in 20 pluriparae grazing goats divided in two groups (control and treated) to assess its possible effects on milk yield and quality and to assess eventual adverse effects. Animals from both groups also received 400 g/day of corn meal, and the treated group was supplemented with 20 g/head/day of the nutritional supplement. At the doses suggested by the manufacturer, despite a transient increase after 30 days of supplementation, Ecotrofin™ did not show significant effects on milk yield and, although some changes were found in the fatty acids profile, no significant improvement of MUFA and PUFA, as well as of omega-6:omega-3 ratio and CLA content were seen. Therefore, in our experimental conditions the supplementation of diet with Ecotrofin™ did not appear useful to improve goat's performance. A significant effect on kidney health markers (27 vs. 22.5 for urea and 0.83 vs. 0.76 for creatinine, p < 0.05) suggested a beneficial effect on renal function but, since levels fell in the normal ranges in both groups, such hypothesis would need further studies to be addressed. 相似文献
23.
Zijlstra C Lund I Justesen AF Nicolaisen M Jensen PK Bianciotto V Posta K Balestrini R Przetakiewicz A Czembor E van de Zande J 《Pest management science》2011,67(6):616-625
The possibility of combining novel monitoring techniques and precision spraying for crop protection in the future is discussed. A generic model for an innovative crop protection system has been used as a framework. This system will be able to monitor the entire cropping system and identify the presence of relevant pests, diseases and weeds online, and will be location specific. The system will offer prevention, monitoring, interpretation and action which will be performed in a continuous way. The monitoring is divided into several parts. Planting material, seeds and soil should be monitored for prevention purposes before the growing period to avoid, for example, the introduction of disease into the field and to ensure optimal growth conditions. Data from previous growing seasons, such as the location of weeds and previous diseases, should also be included. During the growing season, the crop will be monitored at a macroscale level until a location that needs special attention is identified. If relevant, this area will be monitored more intensively at a microscale level. A decision engine will analyse the data and offer advice on how to control the detected diseases, pests and weeds, using precision spray techniques or alternative measures. The goal is to provide tools that are able to produce high-quality products with the minimal use of conventional plant protection products. This review describes the technologies that can be used or that need further development in order to achieve this goal. 相似文献
24.
Effects of housing and short-term transportation on hormone and lymphocyte receptor concentrations in beef cattle 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Rosangela Odore Paola Badino Raffaella Barbero Antonio D’Angelo Elena Fraccaro 《Research in veterinary science》2011,90(2):341-345
The experiment was designed to evaluate the effects of housing system and short-term transportation on the pituitary and adrenal response and on blood progesterone concentrations of beef cattle. Since the use of steroid hormones in farm animals has been banned in the EU (Council Directive 96/22/EC), it seems important to study the possible modifications in serum progesterone concentrations induced by stress in cattle. Thirty-two, 6 months old male Piedmontese beef cattle (16 reared in a littered loose house, Group A, and 16 housed in a littered tying stall barn, Group B) were blood sampled at T1 (6 months old), T2 (12 months old), T3 (18 months old, before transportation to the slaughterhouse) and T4 (after transportation to the slaughterhouse) in order to measure hormonal concentrations and lymphocyte glucocorticoid (GR) and β-adrenergic (β-AR) receptor concentrations. Circulating hormone concentrations were measured using commercial radioimmunoassay kits, whereas lymphocyte receptor density was determined through binding assays. In beef cattle housed in tie stall barn a significant increase in serum cortisol concentration was observed at T3, whereas there was no effect of the housing system on blood progesterone concentrations. Short-term transportation caused a significant increase in blood cortisol and catecholamine concentrations in both groups, whereas lymphocyte GR and β-AR significantly decreased in Group A. Our data confirm the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the catecholaminergic system in short-term transportation and suggest that the stress-induced increase in circulating progesterone concentrations does not exceed the limit established by pending legislation. 相似文献
25.
Canine spirocercosis is a life-threatening parasitosis caused by Spirocerca lupi (Nematoda, Spirurida) that is presently emerging in several countries. This study characterised an informative region within the mitochondrial (mtDNA) gene encoding for the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) of S. lupi by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)-coupled sequencing. Specimens from five different countries in Europe, Asia and Africa were examined and two different sequence variants of cox1 (i.e. haplotypes) were determined, displaying nucleotidic variation at 6 of 689 positions. All of these positions were invariable among all the parasite individuals from Europe (haplotype 1) and among the African and Asian individuals (haplotype 2), but differed between Europe and Asia/Africa. The S. lupi cox1 sequences were consistent with those of other common Spirurida previously reported at both nucleotidic and phylogenetic levels. This study provides molecular information essential for identification of the nematode, irrespective of its life cycle stage. Crucial implications for the specific molecular diagnosis of clinical spirocercosis and investigation of the evolution, population genetics, ecology and epidemiology of S. lupi are discussed. 相似文献
26.
Effects of a selection of additives on in vitro ruminal methanogenesis and in situ and in vivo NDF digestibility
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Mario Pirondini Stefania Colombini Luca Malagutti Luca Rapetti Gianluca Galassi Raffaella Zanchi Gianni Matteo Crovetto 《Animal Science Journal》2015,86(1):59-68
The effects of 18 essential oils, yeast, Quebracho tannin and Quillaja saponin on ruminal methane and gas production (GP) were studied in vitro. A lactating cow diet was incubated with rumen inoculum. Doses of the additives (mg/L) were: essential oils = 500; tannin = 67; yeast = 8.35 and 16.7; and saponin = 300. Lemongrass, estragole, eugenol, geraniol, limonen, thyme oil and thymol produced less gas (overall mean 33.8 mL/200 mg dry matter (DM)) than control (43.6 mL/200 mg DM; P < 0.001). Methane produced (mL/200 mg DM) by guaiacol (10.7), lemongrass (9.6), limonene (11.4), thyme oil (10.9) and thymol (2.1) was lower than control (12.5) (P < 0.001). Methane percentage on total GP was lower (P < 0.001) for cinnamic alcohol (25.4), guaiacol (24.5), thymol (19.7) and vanillin (26.3) than control (28.8). In a second experiment, thymol, guaiacol and yeast were added to the diet of dry fistulated cows to determine in situ neutral detergent fiber digestibility (NDFD) of six forages and in vivo dietary NDFD. Thymol and yeast decreased in situ NDFD after 24 h (33.9% and 33.5% vs. 38.1%; P = 0.008). Thymol decreased in vivo total tract NDFD (40.8% vs. 51.4%; P = 0.02). Differences in GP and methane levels were registered within classes of additives. A careful selection of additives may allow for the manipulation of ruminal fermentation. 相似文献
27.
Luisa NERI Fabiano SILLO Elisa ZAMPIERI Erica LUMINI Giovanni MARTURANO Chiara Degli ESPOSTI Gianniantonio PETRUZZELLI Beniamino GIOLI Alessandro ZALDEI Rita BARALDI Raffaella BALESTRINI 《土壤圈》2023,33(4):670-675
<正>Dear Editor,Soil quality is defined as“the capacity of a soil to function,within ecosystem and land use boundaries,to sustain productivity,maintain environmental quality,and promote plant and animal health”(Doran and Parkin 1994).In this context,soil functionality is fundamental to the biosphere and is highly dependent on the associated microbiota.Soil microorganisms are relevant for terrestrial ecosystem functioning,and understanding the functional changes of the biological community i... 相似文献
28.
Riccardo Aversano Maria Raffaella Ercolano Luigi Frusciante Luigi Monti James M. Bradeen Gennaro Cristinzio Astolfo Zoina Nicola Greco Salvatore Vitale Domenico Carputo 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2007,54(8):1797-1806
Worldwide, a variety of pathogens negatively affect potato production, resulting in an estimated 22% annual yield reduction.
Wild Solanum species represent a unique gene pool where all the traits necessary to improve the cultivated potato can be found.
Therefore, breeding efforts for improved disease resistance and research aimed at characterizing wild germplasm have been
extensively made. In this paper, sources of resistance to Phytophthora
infestans, Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora, Fusarium solani and Globodera spp. have been investigated in several clones of two Solanum species originating from Central Mexico (S. bulbocastanum and S. cardiophyllum). Interestingly, we found sources of combined resistance to late blight and bacterial soft rot. This is an important finding
considering that the development of resistant potato varieties has been hindered by the scarcity of resistant germplasm. In
addition, we explored molecular differences within and between the two species generating AFLP fingerprints. By means of six
primer pair combinations, we found 13 and 16 putative species-specific AFLP markers for S. bulbocastanum and S. cardiophyllum, respectively, and a bounty of markers useful for mapping, MAS, and cloning purposes. The phenotypic and molecular information
associated to S. bulbocastanum and S. cardiophyllum for designing strategies of assisted selection are discussed. 相似文献
29.
Paola Badino Rosangela Odore Luciana Bergamasco Raffaella Barbero Maria Cristina Osella Antonio D'Angelo Giovanni Re Carlo Girardi 《Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research》2013,8(3):146-153
Canine cognitive dysfunction syndrome (CDS) is a neurodegenerative disorder of aged dogs characterized by a progressive decline in cognitive function. In humans and laboratory animals, a variety of neurotransmitter abnormalities have been described in patients affected by age-related dementia. Specifically, the regulatory role of the catecholaminergic, serotonergic, and cholinergic systems has been outlined. The aim of the present study was to measure blood monoamine levels, platelet α2-adrenergic receptors, and lymphocyte muscarinic receptors in healthy adult and aged dogs and in dogs affected by canine cognitive dysfunction. Based on clinical and behavioral examination, 40 dogs were divided into 3 groups: healthy adults (n = 14), aged dogs (n = 17), and aged dogs affected by canine cognitive dysfunction (n = 9). A significant reduction in plasma levels of norepinephrine and dopamine was observed both in aged dogs (0.16 ± 0.02 ng/mL, P < 0.01; 0.11 ± 02 ng/mL, P < 0.01, respectively) and in CDS dogs (0.14 ± 0.03 ng/mL, P < 0.05; 0.10 ± 00.005 ng/mL, P < 0.01, respectively) compared with adults (0.29 ± 0.04 ng/mL and 0.15 ± 0.02 ng/mL, respectively). No significant differences were observed among groups for α2-adrenergic receptor concentrations. Canine lymphocytes express 2 distinct classes of muscarinic receptors, characterized by high (HA) and low affinity (LA) for [3H]-N-methyl-scopolamine. A significant age-dependent decrease in HA muscarinic receptors was observed. However, no differences were found between aged dogs (87.65 ± 11.08 sites/cell × 102) and in CDS dogs (90.17 ± 6.75 sites/cell × 102 ) for HA muscarinic receptor concentrations. As far as LA muscarinic receptors are concerned, CDS dogs showed a significant increase (393.48 ± 63 sites/cell × 102; P < 0.05) with respect to healthy adult dogs (188.84 ± 16.50 sites/cell × 102). Our results suggest that the reduction in HA muscarinic receptor-binding sites could be representative of the physiological aging process, whereas the increase in lymphocyte LA muscarinic receptor levels could be related to the cognitive decline. 相似文献
30.
Annamaria Leccese Susanna Bartolini Raffaella Viti 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2012,67(4):317-325
Apricot fruit (Prunus armeniaca L.) quality strictly relates to the eating quality of fresh produce. Since consumers are more and more interested in healthy food, and apricot germplasm shows a wide choice of new selections and cultivars, apricot nutraceutical properties are under evaluation in order to select outstanding genotypes, which may link breeding and marketing. In the present study, 18 apricot genotypes of the Italian and international germplasm were evaluated over three years according to pomological, total antioxidant and total phenols attributes using principal component and hierarchical cluster analyses. The antioxidant capacity ranged from 1.24 to 11.47 μmolTE gFW?1 and total phenols from 0.22 to 1.58 mgGAE gFW?1. Four outstanding genotypes stood out as healthy food for fresh consumption which may also be introduced in breeding programs to produce new cultivars with improved nutraceutical values in addition to fruit qualitative attributes. 相似文献