同龄纯林下层抚育间伐后林分直径分布数字特征值的预估研究

根据同龄纯林及下层抚育间伐的特点,利用正态分布函数分别得出了伐前林分、间伐木、保留木的算术平均胸径、胸径方差、平方平均胸径及各径阶株数的计算公式。通过实例对预估结果进行了精度计算,结果表明,在株数间伐强度为22%～47%时算术平均胸径、径阶株数、平方平均胸径预估效果都较好,在伐前林分、保留木预估中其精度满足规划调查中相应调查因子允许误差的A类精度要求。     

广东省水鹿的分布格局与保护对策*

水鹿（Cervus equinus）保护及其生境的规划需要明确其在不同空间尺度的分布格局而采取相对应的措施。该文基于实地调查和文献资料分析,研究了广东省水鹿在省级和保护区级两种空间尺度下不同生态功能区的分布格局。结果表明,在广东省,水鹿主要分布于南岭中亚热带常绿阔叶林生物多样性保护与水源涵养生态区,其分布区域属省级生态功能区,生境质量较好,保护地位重要;在车八岭国家级自然保护区,水鹿多活动于人为干扰大的缓冲区与实验区,保护程度有待提高。建议以自然保护区为节点基础,开展就地保护;在条件较好的保护区之间建设大型生态廊道,增加破碎化生境的连通性,加强水鹿个体交流;同时应在保护区实施“全区覆盖”式管理,特别是在缓冲区和实验区严格控制人为干扰,加强对水鹿及其生境的巡护管理。     

Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of the CrDAT gene and selection of transgenic periwinkle lines with a high vincristine accumulation

Catharanthus roseus contains vincristine and vinblastine, which are outstanding drugs for cancer. In the biosynthetic pathways of terpenoid indole alkaloids (TIAs) in C. roseus, deacetylvindoline 4-O-acetyltransferase (DAT) is a key enzyme that catalyses the last reaction of vindoline biosynthesis to form vinblastine and vincristine. In this study, the CrDAT transgene was transferred into the periwinkle by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation and generated transgenic periwinkle lines with an increase in vincristine accumulation. The C. roseus DAT gene was introduced into C. roseus plants and it was confirmed that CrDAT was successfully transferred into the genome of periwinkle plants and efficiently translated to synthesise recombinant DAT protein. Four transgenic periwinkle lines in T1 generation, T1-1, T1-3, T1-6, and T1-7, expressed recombinant DAT protein with the total protein content in the range of 2.86 μg.mg^?1 to 5.12 μg.mg^?1. Moreover, the vincristine contents of four transgenic lines increased by 1.63?2.48-fold compared to non-transgenic plants, ranging from 6.91 µg.g^?1 (fresh weight) to 10.53 µg.g^?1 (fresh weight). The T1-1 line had the highest vincristine content. Hence, the overexpression of the recombinant DAT protein can improve the vincristine accumulation of transgenic C. roseus plants.

Abbreviation: CrDAT - Catharanthus roseus Deacetylvindoline-4-O-Acetyl Transferase; D4H - Deacetoxyvindoline 4-hydroxylase; ELISA - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Monoterpene indole alkaloid; T0, T1 - Generations of transgenic plants; TIAs - Terpenoid indole alkaloids; WT- The wild-type tobacco plants (non transgenic plant); 35S - Cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter     

茶叶中高氯酸盐检测方法研究进展

高氯酸盐是一种持久的化学污染物,近年来在出口茶叶中被频繁检测出来,逐渐成为影响我国茶叶出口的因素之一。检测茶叶中的高氯酸盐对我国茶产业的发展具有重要意义,本文主要介绍了茶叶中高氯酸盐残留检测的背景及现状,总结了茶叶中高氯酸盐的检测方法,为高氯酸盐的研究以及茶叶中高氯酸盐标准检测方法的制定提供依据。     

库尔勒香梨采后贮运HACCP体系

为减少库尔勒香梨贮运过程中品质下降带来的损失,提高产品竞争能力,运用危害分析与关键控制(hazard analysis critical control point,HACCP)体系的原则和步骤,开展库尔勒香梨采后贮运HACCP体系建立工作。结果表明:确定验收、包装和低温贮藏为库尔勒香梨贮运HACCP体系的关键控制点,并制定关键限值、监测方法、纠偏措施、记录要求和验证程序。库尔勒香梨采后贮运HACCP体系的实施能够将香梨采后贮运过程中的潜在危害降至最低,确保贮运过程中香梨果实的食用安全和优良品质。     

Postharvest UV-C treatment combined with 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), followed by storage in continuous low-level ethylene atmosphere,improves the quality of tomatoes

Mature green tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L. cv Neang Pich) were exposed to 13.6 kJ m^?2 UV-C or 0.5 μL L^?1 1-MCP or combination of 13.6 kJ m^?2 UV-C and 0.5 μL L^?1 1-MCP, with appropriate untreated controls. After treatment, tomatoes were stored in air containing 0.1 μL L^?1 ethylene at 20°C and 100% RH. The untreated fruit ripened significantly faster than those of all other treatments. UV-C treatment alone was able to delay fruit ripening by up to 5 days longer compared to untreated fruits whilst the additional of 1-MCP further delayed fruit ripening. UV-C and 1-MCP treatments alone or in combination had significantly slower ethylene production rates throughout the storage period. The fruit treated with the combination of 1-MCP and UV-C was significantly firmer and had higher total phenolic content compared to that of the other treatments. However, there was no difference between treatments in soluble solids content/titratable acids ratio, chlorophyll content, lycopene content and total antioxidant activity. These results show that UV-C and 1-MCP treatment delay ripening and improve the quality of tomatoes in the presence of low-level ethylene during storage. This new treatment could be used to extend the shelf-life of mature green tomatoes through the supply chain without the use of refrigeration.     

淮安市食品产业转型升级与高职教育发展关联研究

高职教育发展影响着着区域产业的发展,区域产业的发展又决定着对高职人才的需求.文章运用教育学和产业经济学有关理论,探讨淮安食品产业发展存在的问题和淮安市食品大类高职教育现状,基于两者紧密关联的角度,从政府、学校、企业三个维度,共提出了八条针对性措施.     

比格犬胫神经皮层体感诱发电位正常值研究

为了测定比格犬胫神经皮层体感诱发电位(somatosensory evoked potential,SEP)的波形及其潜伏期和波幅的正常值。选用15只健康比格犬,在异氟烷吸入麻醉状态下,使用肌电诱发电位仪电刺激其胫神经,将自制参考电极和记录电极分别放置于头部Fz处和Cz处记录SEP波形。结果表明:15只比格犬刺激左右侧胫神经均可记录到清晰的双向SEP波。刺激左侧胫神经引发的波形潜伏期为P(21.71±1.978)ms、N(32.61±2.568)ms、P-N(10.90±1.338)ms,其变异系数分别为9.11%、7.87%、12.88%;波幅为(2.762±1.230)μV,变异系数为41.47%;刺激右侧胫神经引发的波形潜伏期为P(21.49±1.985)ms、N(32.55±2.359)ms、P-N(11.06±1.153)ms,其变异系数分别为9.24%、7.25%、10.24%;波幅为(2.634±1.092)μV,变异系数为44.55%。潜伏期和波幅左右侧差异均不显著(P0.05)。对正常比格犬胫神经皮层SEP的测定,获得了清晰的SEP波形及各波潜伏期和波幅的正常值,印证了潜伏期的稳定性优于波幅的稳定性,可以为实验室研究犬病理状态下的SEP和宠物临床应用SEP诊断疾病提供参考依据。     

基于超静定方程的橡胶材料本构模型参数识别

由于橡胶材料具有非线性和大变形特性,使得描述橡胶力学特性的本构模型参数的确定比较烦琐和困难。为了提高橡胶本构模型参数识别的准确性,基于超静定方程求解原理推导出一种新的识别方法。以某橡胶衬套为例,识别的参数应用于有限元分析,对比试验数据,结果表明该识别方法可以准确识别橡胶材料参数,并且精度相对于最小二乘法有了明显改善,显示了超静定识别法的有效性和可靠性。     

果实膨大期不同施氮量对油桃产量和品质的影响

  【目的】  桃园施肥过量不仅导致资源浪费和环境问题,还会影响桃树的正常生长。在果实膨大期,果实体积和重量迅速增大,果实重量的增加占总果重的50%～70%,果实膨大期是影响果实着色和内在品质形成的关键期,探究此阶段适宜的施氮量,对降低氮肥施用量、提高果实产量和品质有重要意义。  【方法】  田间试验在北京市林业果树科学研究院果树生长良好的果园进行,试材为早熟油桃品种‘夏至早红’。设置0、100、200、400 kg/hm2 4个氮 (N) 水平,即N0、N1、N2和N3处理。2016年供试氮肥1/2为普通尿素,1/2为15N丰度为5.18%的尿素;2017年供试氮肥均为普通尿素。氮肥在果实膨大期于桃树两侧沟施。在果实成熟期取样,调查桃单株果实产量、单果重、果实可溶性固形物、果实还原糖和总酸、叶片SPAD值、新梢长度、各器官Ndff值。  【结果】  桃单株果实产量和单果重在施氮量200 kg/hm2(N2) 处理下最高,与N3处理没有显著差异,二者单果重均显著高于N0和N1处理。随着施氮量的增加,果实可溶性固形物含量先上升后下降。果实还原糖和总酸含量与果实膨大期施氮量呈正相关。2016年6月8日之后,N2和N3处理叶片SPAD值显著高于N0和N1处理 (除6月15日,N1与N2、N3处理无显著差异外)。2016年新梢长度随着施氮量的增加而增长,N3处理新梢长度显著高于其它3个处理;2017年N2和N3处理新梢长度显著高于N0和N1处理。随着施氮量的增加,叶片、枝条、果实的Ndff值均增加。  【结论】  适量施氮 (N 200 kg/hm2) 能够提高果实产量,在此基础上再增加氮肥用量 (N 400 kg/hm2),增产效果不明显。果实膨大期施氮可促进于新生器官 (新梢) 的建成,高施氮量能够加快新梢生长。