油菜籽皮发酵饲料添加剂——纤维素酶

本研究对绿色木霉116的发酵条件和无机盐配方进行了正交试验优选。试验结果表明产纤维素酶的最佳条件是:接种量为2%,油菜籽皮:稻草:麸皮=3:2:5;水分:干料=1:1;装量为5%;无机盐固态发酵的最佳配方是:(NH4)2SO40.5%,KH2PO40.4%,MgSO40.04%,CaCl2·2H2O0.05%。产酶酶活可达242U/g鲜糟。     

黔金丝猴（Rhinopithecus brelichi）雪季地表食物利用

2012年1月至3月,本研究采用粪便分析法对黔金丝猴冬季的食物利用进行了调查研究。结果表明在此期间黔金丝猴采食植物部位有嫩枝、树芽、叶片、花、树皮以及果实和种子,食物种类较多。其中,地表灌木层木姜子属（Litse asp．）的嫩枝是黔金丝猴取食较多的采食对象。本次研究也首次发现黔金丝猴食用地面上的四照花果实。我们推测黔金丝猴利用落地果实的现象可能是该物种对温带森林中高质量食物果实和种子利用最大化的一种适应。建议在温带灵长类生态行为研究中,加强对落地果实、矮小灌木和草本植物等猴群食源植物的监测,以期精确地探讨物种的食性以及对环境的适应。     

变速恒频风力机组变桨距控制系统

在风力机空气动力学特性分析的基础上，讨论了变速恒频风力机组变桨距机构在低于额定风速阶段和高于额定风速阶段的不同控制策略。将模型与控制方法相结合的数字仿真表明，控制曲线与预期要求一致。具体设计了变桨距机构液压控制方案和电机控制方案，并提出了高油压冗余式电液比例变桨距机构的设计思路。     

驱动圆盘刀切断玉米秸秆和根茬的土槽试验

通过动力驱动的平圆盘和缺口圆盘切断玉米秸秆和根茬的土槽试验研究表明，随着刀轴转速和机器前进速度增加驱动圆盘刀功率消耗随之增加。当刀轴转速为350r／min、机器前进速度为0．65m／s时，在有秸秆和根茬土壤地表上缺口圆盘刀消耗的功率是平圆盘刀的45％。当刀轴转速大于350r／min即圆盘圆周速度大于7．4m／s时，缺口圆盘刀秸秆切断率和根茬切断率达到97％以上。     

An Electrospun Scaffold Loaded with an Enteromorpha Polysaccharide for Accelerated Wound Healing in Diabetic Mice

The design and development of innovative multifunctional wound dressing materials in engineered biomaterials is essential for promoting tissue repair. In this study, nanofibrous wound dressing materials loaded with anti-inflammatory ingredients were manufactured by a promising electrospinning strategy, and their capability for treating diabetic wounds was also investigated. A scaffold blend consisting of an Enteromorpha polysaccharide and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was fabricated. The in vitro and in vivo studies confirmed the efficacy of PVA/EPP1 fiber. We found that PVA/EPP1 fiber accelerated the repair of a full-thickness skin wound in diabetic mice. The results suggest that this scaffold could effectively shorten the wound healing time by inhibiting inflammatory activity, which makes it a promising candidate for the treatment of hard-to-heal wounds caused by diabetes.     

太空诱变膜荚黄芪种质资源表型特征变异分析

以膜荚黄芪太空搭载种子建立的33D、22H群体及未搭载原种（CK）群体的SP₂代成药株为研究对象,对19个表型性状进行特征变异及多样性分析,以筛选具有优异性状的膜荚黄芪种质资源。结果表明：诱变后代群体的19个性状变异幅度、遗传多样性存在不同程度差异,33D、22H群体及CK群体地上部分的4个质量性状的变异系数CV范围分别为0.35~0.78、0.38~0.84、0.41~0.64,即变异幅度表现为22H>33D>CK,遗传多样性指数H′范围分别为1.67~2.13、1.66~2.02、1.44~2.21,即变化幅度为CK>33D>22H;7个数量性状的CV范围分别为0.17~0.62、0.17~0.67、0.20~0.83,H′范围分别为1.47~2.01、1.72~2.04、1.59~2.11,即变异幅度表现均为CK>22H>33D;8个产量构成性状的CV范围分别为0.09~0.53、0.15~0.55、0.09~0.97,即变化幅度为CK>22H>33D,H′范围分别为1.81~2.09、1.73~2.06、1.59~2.03,即变化幅度为33D>22H>CK。通过主成分因子分析将诱变后代群体植株的12个数量性状指标简化为4个主因子,33D和22H群体数量性状累计贡献率均大于CK,分别达68.669%和70.414%,并筛选出二级分枝数、单根干质量、有效根长、侧根数、根长、折干率可作为膜荚黄芪评价代表性指标;诱变后SP₂代地上部性状隶属函数值小于CK,产量构成性状隶属函数值大于CK。通过隶属函数和聚类分析将诱变后SP₂代的2个群体分别归为3类不同类型植株（即I、II和III型）,第I类群为良好类、第II类群为优势类、第III类群为后备类,综合评价筛选出性状优异种质39份、产量构成性状优异种质16份、矮株型高产种质3份。     

一株贝莱斯芽孢杆菌的分离与鉴定

为获得高温高效分解茶渣的菌株。利用高温特殊生境分离方法,从废弃茶渣中分离到有分解茶渣作用的5株菌,其中Fb菌株产生的蛋白酶、纤维素酶的活力均最高。经形态学、生理生化特性以及生长特性等研究,并克隆Fb菌株的16S rDNA基因序列和gyrB基因序列,进行系统发育学分析。结果表明,Fb属贝莱斯芽孢杆菌(Bacillus velezensis),可耐受55℃的高温。最适生长条件为：装液量30 mL、摇床转速分120 r/min、培养温度42~45℃、初始pH 5.0~7.0、培养时间16 h、盐度1.0%~6.0%。本研究首次在茶渣中分离筛选出贝莱斯芽抱杆菌,为茶渣开发研究提供理论依据。     

Isolation and identification of oligomers from partial degradation of lime fruit cutin

Complementary degradative treatments with low-temperature hydrofluoric acid and methanolic potassium hydroxide have been used to investigate the protective biopolymer cutin from Citrus aurantifolia (lime) fruits, augmenting prior enzymatic and chemical strategies to yield a more comprehensive view of its molecular architecture. Analysis of the resulting soluble oligomeric fragments with one- and two-dimensional NMR and MS methods identified a new dimer and three trimeric esters of primary alcohols based on 10,16-dihydroxyhexadecanoic acid and 10-oxo-16-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid units. Whereas only 10-oxo-16-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid units were found in the oligomers from hydrofluoric acid treatments, the dimer and trimer products isolated to date using diverse degradative methods included six of the seven possible stoichiometric ratios of monomer units. A novel glucoside-linked hydroxyfatty acid tetramer was also identified provisionally, suggesting that the cutin biopolymer can be bound covalently to the plant cell wall. Although the current findings suggest that the predominant molecular architecture of this protective polymer in lime fruits involves esters of primary and secondary alcohols based on long-chain hydroxyfatty acids, the possibility of additional cross-linking to enhance structural integrity is underscored by these and related findings of nonstandard cutin molecular architectures.     

胡杨嫁接繁殖技术

胡杨种子繁殖苗木分化严重,生长参差不齐,采用嫁接技术可以保持母株的优良性状获得生长一致的苗木.笔者介绍了胡杨冬春季"炮捻"插穗嫁接,夏季木质芽接,插穗的储藏管理方法以及苗圃地的整理、定植、管理技术.     

不同氮磷锌施肥水平对盐碱地牧草生物产量的影响

［目的］优化氮磷锌肥配比施用量。［方法］选择苜蓿、草木樨、星星草、沙打旺、羊草等耐盐牧草,采用311-A最优回归设计,比较氮磷锌施肥水平。 ［结果］最高产草量16 534.10 kg/hm^2,相应的氮肥、磷肥、锌肥用量分别为116.55 、121.35 、31.20 kg/hm^2;最佳经济效益牧草产量16 233.90 kg/hm^2,相应的氮肥、磷肥、锌肥用量分别为116.40、121.20、30.90 kg/hm^2,纯收益为2 472.40元/hm^2。［结论］对牧草产量影响的顺序依次是磷肥、氮肥和锌肥。