Use of Porcine Meal in Plant‐based Practical Diets for Pacific White Shrimp,Litopenaeus vannamei

Two growth trials were conducted to evaluate and confirm the efficacy of a porcine meal (PM) with high protein content (>90%) as an alternative feed ingredient in commercial‐type feed formulation for Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Six experimental diets were formulated for the two growth trials. The first five diets contained increasing levels (0, 1, 2, 4, and 6%) of PM as a replacement for soybean meal in a plant‐based diet with low inclusion level (6%) of fish meal (FM). The last experimental diet was produced utilizing 4.2% PM to completely replace FM. In Trial 1, shrimp (1.5 g initial mean weight, 20 shrimp/tank, n = 4) were offered test diets for 6 wk in a semirecirculation system. At the end of Trial 1, shrimp fed with the diet containing 6% PM exhibited significantly enhanced weight gain (WG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and survival compared to those fed with the diet devoid of FM. As survival was poor across all treatments and different densities could mask growth results the trial was repeated. In Trial 2, shrimp (0.85 g, 15 shrimp/tank, n = 4) were offered diets for 6 wk. Dietary supplementation of PM at 6% significantly improved WG, FCR, and apparent net protein retention in contrast with the treatment devoid of FM, confirming the same trends in Trial 1. No significant difference was detected in protein, lipid, moisture, and mineral profiles of whole‐body shrimp as well as survival across all the treatments. Results of this study indicate that PM is a good high protein source in shrimp feeds, which can be included up to 6% in the low FM‐based diet without compromising the growth of shrimp.     

苹小卷叶蛾在6个苹果品种上的发育与繁殖

为探索不同品种苹果对苹小卷叶蛾生长发育和繁殖的影响,在温度(26±1)℃、相对湿度(80±5)%、光周期L∶D=16 h∶8 h的室内条件下,测定了苹小卷叶蛾在小国光、大国光、红玉、祝光、红星和金帅上的发育历期、存活率和产卵量,并组建了其各自的生命周期表。结果显示,苹小卷叶蛾在6个品种上的发育历期差异显著,全世代发育历期以小国光最短(33.95 d),以红玉最长(39.76 d);平均单雌产卵量以红玉最高(107.24粒),小国光次之(85.00粒);而存活率则无显著差异。生命表参数中净生殖率(R0)、内禀增长率(rm)和周限增长率(λ)均以小国光最高,世代平均周期(T)和种群加倍时间(Dt)以小国光最短,表明6种试验品种中小国光是苹小卷叶蛾最适宜的寄主品种。     

中国土壤上的沉默权分析

沉默权起源于17世纪的英国,因为制度的先进性和理论的合理性后被广为推崇.我国学界对中国是否应该引入沉默权展开了激烈的讨论.从中国沉默权的立法现状着手,论证了在中国土壤下建立沉默权的可行性,并在建构这项制度方面提出了自已的建议.     

The innovation effect of low-carbon technology transfer from the perspective of carbon emission reduction demand: A case study of the Yangtze River Economic Belt in China

Reducing carbon emissions is the only way to solve the global climate problem, which obviously requires the joint efforts of all regions. From the perspective of carbon emission reduction demand, this research obtains the data of low-carbon patents and CO₂ emissions from 2000 to 2019, and then explores the innovation effect of low-carbon technology transfer in the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB). We draw the following conclusions: (1) Low-carbon technology transfer has a positive impact on low-carbon technology innovation. However, a large number of low-carbon technology transfers are concentrated between developed regions in the YREB at present. (2) No matter from the perspective of total amount or efficiency, carbon emission reduction demand can play positive moderating role in the process of exerting the innovation effect of low-carbon technology transfer, indicating that the transfer of low-carbon technologies to regions with high demand is efficient. (3) The moderating effect of carbon emission reduction demand in different regions has regional heterogeneity. Carbon emissions per unit of GDP plays a greater role in moderating the innovation effect of low-carbon technology transfer in the eastern region, while CO₂ emissions plays a greater role in the central and western regions. Therefore, we propose to strengthen the transfer of low-carbon technologies between developed and less-developed regions, and adopt differentiation strategies according to the actual situation of each region. Our research has deepened the understanding of environmental economic geography on the innovation effect of low-carbon technology transfer, and has reference significance for global low-carbon technology cooperation.     

砀山酥梨绿色营销策略探讨

本文对绿色营销的概念以及砀山梨绿色营销的现状进行了介绍,针对这一现状本文就如何加强砀山酥梨的绿色营销、促进砀山酥梨业持续健康发展提出了多方筹资用于开展绿色营销、制定绿色价格、塑造绿色形象、建立绿色信息平台、提高果农素质、普及绿色技术、加强绿色组织建设和品牌保护等对策.     

微波解冻与午餐肉罐头的生产

详述了首次在国内午餐肉罐头生产中采用的微波解冻系统科技成果的实施情况、系统操作与安全控制特点以及运行条件。探讨微波解冻技术支持下,无亚硝酸钠午餐肉罐头的生产工艺原理及其品质卓越的原因。     

水稻与高梁属间远缘杂交花粉管行为观察

水稻和高粱是禾本科的两个异属作物,因其遗传距离较远,杂交表现不亲和,结实率极低,难以获得种子.为初步了解水稻与高粱属间远缘杂交花粉管行为,探索该远缘杂交的发生过程,本实验以籼稻珍汕97A×珍汕97B和Ⅱ-32A×Ⅱ-32B两个组合为对照,对珍汕97A×晋江多枝高粱和Ⅱ-32A×晋江多枝高粱两个属间远缘杂交组合的花粉管行为作初步的观察与研究,结果表明晋江多枝高粱花粉粒能象水稻花粉粒一样在水稻柱头上正常萌发,花粉管在花柱及子房中生长与伸长,有些能最终到达子房的基部;同时高梁花粉管生长也出现诸如不能进入花柱、胼胝质不规则堆积、花粉管末端钝化等一系列的异常表现,致使不少花粉管停滞生长.     

种子含水率在线测量系统

根据种子含水率的测量要求，研制了一种可同时测量电容、质量和温度3个参量的装置和测量电路。该测量系统的机械装置由2个同心圆筒组成，内筒的旋转运动实现被测种子的动态喂料。采用抗寄生电容效应的开关电容电路测量上、下极板之间的电容；下极板同时也是称量平台；温度传感器测量种子的温度。3个测量值经A／D转换电路以数字量输出。分别用3个电路单独测量已知的电容、质量和温度，以及不同温度和相对湿度条件下对电容测量值的影响，并据此分析了各测量单元的精度、可靠性和可行性。     

车用汽油机缸内直喷技术的研究现状与展望

从汽油机的混合气形成与调节、燃油喷射、燃烧系统3方面对车用汽油机缸内直接喷射技术的发展及新技术进行了概述。车用汽油机缸内直接喷射技术有很大的发展潜力，将得到更大发展并取代目前的进气道直接喷射方式。通过对排放、积炭、催化器及燃油喷射系统等问题的分析和探讨，提出了缸内直接喷射式汽油机进一步发展的方向和建议。