巴氏杀菌牛乳和UHT牛乳的差别

研究了巴氏杀菌、超高温灭菌对牛乳中各种成分的影响，结果发现此两种热处理方式对牛乳中蛋白质、维生素、矿物质和产品风味产生不同影响，而对脂肪的影响不大。     

犬附红细胞体病的诊治体会

犬附红细胞体病是由附红细胞体寄生于犬的血液、游离在血浆中或附着在红细胞表面所引起的一种血液寄生虫病。临床上以发热、贫血、黄疸等为主要特征。2004年以来,笔者诊治了8例病犬出现持续高热为主要特征的疾病,经临床与实验室诊断,确诊为犬附红细胞体病,经治疗5天后恢复正常。现举1例报道如下：     

黄血抑制纯合系白银的选育初报

从欧系品种中筛选出黄血抑制基因 ,并将其导入皮斑限性实用蚕品种 871中 ,选除不良基因 ,经纯合固定 ,得到综合性状优良的皮斑限性黄血抑制纯合系统 ,命名为白银 (♀IIW+p, IIZZ)。在茧形上 ,一方偏中系选择 ,另一方偏欧系选择 ,分别建立白银A 系及白银B 系。与限性黄茧 (♀iiWYZ , iiZZ)对交 ,F1代全为白茧 ,有望使限性黄茧实用化     

Effect of Fermentation Bed with Spent Mushroom Substrate of Pleurotus eryngii on Weaning Piglets

[Objective] The paper was to investigate effects on fermentation bed temperature,growth performance,diarrhea rate and digestive en-zyme activity of weaning piglets by using spent mushroom substrate of Pleurotus eryngii as padding.[Method] A total of 120 weaning piglets(Duroc × Landrace ×Yorkshire) with average initial body weight of(8.0 ±0.5)kg were allocated to five dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design for 42 d,each of which was replicated three times with eight piglets per replicate(half male,half female).The padding for control group was(50% sawdust +50% rice husk);experimental group Ⅰ 100% spent mushroom substrate;experimental group Ⅱ(15% sawdust +15% rice husk +70% spent mushroom substrate);experimental group Ⅲ(25% sawdust +25% rice husk +50% spent mushroom substrate);experimental group Ⅳ(35% sawdust +35% rice husk +30% spent substrate).[Result] There was no significant difference in surface temperature of fermentation bed between experimental groups and control group(P0.05).Compared with the control group,the temperature under 20 cm of fermentation bed in ex-perimental groups I,Ⅱ and Ⅲ increased significantly(P0.05).Except for experimental group Ⅳ,other three experimental groups had higher aver-age daily gain(P0.05) and experimental group Ⅰ had higher average daily feed intake(P0.05) compared to the control group.The diarrhea rate and mortality of weaning piglets in experimental groups Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ were significantly decreased compared with the control group(P0.05).Compared with the control group,other three experimental groups had higher digestive enzyme activity in duodenal contents except for experimental group Ⅳ(P0.05).[Conclusion] Spent mushroom substrate of P.eryngii can be used as fermentation bed padding,and the optimal proportion was experimental group Ⅲ.     

基质对黑果腺肋花楸幼苗生长的影响

以黑果腺肋花楸(Aronia melanocarpa)为试验材料,选用田园土、泥炭土、珍珠岩和黄沙,采用正交试验设计,研究不同基质配比对黑果腺肋花楸成苗率以及幼苗形态指标和生理指标的影响。结果表明,不同育苗基质对黑果腺肋花楸出苗率、苗高、地径、主根长、侧根数和高径比等形态指标以及根系活力、可溶性糖、淀粉和蛋白质等生理指标的影响差异显著,综合分析各项指标,筛选出适合黑果腺肋花楸容器育苗的栽培基质为田园土(40%)+泥炭土(30%)+黄沙(30%)、田园土(40%)+珍珠岩(30%)+黄沙(30%)、田园土(40%)+泥炭土(30%)+珍珠岩(30%)和田园土(60%)+泥炭土(20%)+黄沙(20%)。     

棉籽饼粕脱毒方法研究进展

棉籽饼粕含有丰富的蛋白质,但同时也含有对畜禽有毒害作用的游离棉酚。研究适宜的脱毒方法脱除或钝化棉籽饼粕中的游离棉酚,使之变成优质的蛋白质饲料,对缓解我国蛋白质饲料资源不足和促进饲料工业的发展具有重大的现实意义。本文从棉酚的结构、中毒症状谈起,综述了目前棉籽饼粕主要脱毒方法的效果和优缺点,同时对研究中存在的一些问题提出了看法和改进建议。     

镇海巨高长毛兔体重与产毛性能相关的研究

利用原全国家兔育种委员会2000年长毛兔性能测定数据,分析研究了镇海巨高长毛兔12月龄时体重与产毛性能的相关。结果表明:母兔的体重、标准含水率产毛量、单次产毛率和估测年产毛率均显著或极显著地高于公兔;随着体重的增加,标准含水率产毛量相应地提高,单次产毛率和估测年产毛率相应地下降;体重与标准含水率产毛量、单次产毛率的相关系数分别为0.225、-0.324(P<0.01);标准含水率产毛量与单次产毛率的相关系数为0.845(P<0.01)。     

国外的饲料堆码技术

在饲料厂的包装系统中。继自动秤重打包设备之后。堆码机也许是下一个最受欢迎的升级换代设备，因为用人工将成品装上常用的运送托盘可装10—12包的塑料小托盘，是饲料厂劳动强度最大的工作之一。由于拖码包劳动强度大，它就可能使产品质量不稳定，而且工人经常要举起成品。所以它也是最易受伤的工作之一。即使劳动力便宜、不计工人受伤或停工的花费，自动包装和堆码还是有它的优势，它能改善产品质量，因为它可以减少破包和加快袋装饲料的分发。[第一段]     

应用夏洛莱、利木辛肉牛开展三元杂交效果试验

经过20年的努力，凉州区黄牛改良工作取得了显著的成效，黄牛冻配点由最初的10个发展到现在的145个，年授配母牛3万头。为建立适合凉州区的最佳肉牛生产模式，进一步提高该区肉牛生产水平，凉州区从1998年开始，引入夏洛莱、利木辛、德国黄牛、皮埃蒙特等著名肉牛品种与当地西杂母牛进行三元经济杂交，取得了较好的效果。我们于2000年9月20日至2001年1月6日，在凉州区新华乡开展了应用夏洛莱、利木辛肉牛分别与当地西杂牛三元杂交效果试验。现将结果报告如下。     

A dominant antigenic epitope on SARS-CoV spike protein identified by an avian single-chain variable fragment (scFv)-expressing phage

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a newly emergent human disease, which requires rapid diagnosis and effective therapy. Among antibody sources, immunoglobulin Y (IgY) is the major antibody found in chicken eggs and can be used as an alternative to mammalian antibodies normally used in research and immunotherapy. In this study, phage-expressing chicken monoclonal scFv antibody was chosen and characterized with phage display antibody technology. Truncated fragments of SARS-CoV spike protein were cloned in pET-21 vector and expressed in BL-21 Escherichia coli (E. coli) cells. After purification, the purity of these recombinant spike proteins was examined on SDS-PAGE and their identity verified with Western blot analysis using anti-his antibodies and sera from convalescent stage SARS-CoV-infected patients. Using these bacteria-derived proteins to immunize chickens, it was found that polyclonal IgY antibodies in the egg yolk and sera were highly reactive to the immunogens, as shown by Western blot and immunocytochemical staining analysis. A phage displaying scFv library was also established from spleen B cells of immunized chicken with 5 x 10(7) clones. After four panning cycles, the eluted phage titer showed a 10-fold increase. In sequence analysis with chicken germline gene, five phage clones reacted, with large dissimilarities of between 31 and 62%, in the complementarity-determining regions, one dominant phage 4S1 had strong binding to fragment Se-e, located between amino acid residues 456-650 of the spike protein and this particular phage had significantly strong binding to SARS-CoV-infected Vero E6 cells. Based on the results, we conclude that generating specific scFv-expressing phage binders with the phage display system can be successfully achieved and that this knowledge can be applied in clinical or academic research.