The stimulatory effect of TLRs ligands on maturation of chicken bone marrow-derived dendritic cells

Dendritic cells (DCs) are crucial for initiation of both innate and adaptive immune responses. TLR ligands combine with Toll-like receptors (TLRs) expressed on the DC surface and induce DC maturation. The potential effect of three types of TLR ligands (Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) spores, polyinosinic–polycytidylic acid and CpG oligodeoxynucleotides) on chicken bone marrow-derived DCs (chBM-DCs) maturation was studied. The chBM-DCs cultured in presence of recombinant chicken granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin (IL)-4 displayed the typical morphology of DCs after 7 days of culture. These immature chBM-DCs up-regulated the expression of MHC-II and of the putative CD11c, but had yet low to moderate levels of the CD40 and CD86 co-stimulatory molecules. After stimulation by the TLR ligands, the chBM-DCs displayed a more mature morphologic phenotype, significantly increased the CD40 and CD86 cell surface expression levels and gained the ability to stimulate proliferation of naive T cells in the allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction, compared to the immature chBM-DCs. In conclusion, our data demonstrated that all three TLR ligands were strong stimuli for driving chBM-DCs maturation in vitro, with B. subtilis spores being the most efficient.     

Lactogenic hormones stimulate expression of lipogenic genes but not glucose transporters in bovine mammary gland

During the onset of lactation, there is a dramatic increase in the expression of glucose transporters (GLUT) and a group of enzymes involved in milk fat synthesis in the bovine mammary gland. The objective of this study was to investigate whether the lactogenic hormones mediate both of these increases. Bovine mammary explants were cultured for 48, 72, or 96 h with the following hormone treatments: no hormone (control), IGF-I, insulin (Ins), Ins + hydrocortisone + ovine prolactin (InsHPrl), or Ins + hydrocortisone + prolactin + 17β-estradiol (InsHPrlE). The relative expression of β-casein, α-lactalbumin, sterol regulatory element binding factor 1 (SREBF1), fatty acid synthase (FASN), acetyl-CoA carboxylase α (ACACA), stearyol-CoA desaturase (SCD), GLUT1, GLUT8, and GLUT12 were measured by real-time PCR. Exposure to the lactogenic hormone combinations InsHPrl and InsHPrlE for 96 h stimulated expression of β-casein and α-lactalbumin mRNA by several hundred-fold and also increased the expression of SREBF1, FASN, ACACA, and SCD genes in mammary explants (P < 0.01). However, those hormone combinations had no effect on GLUT1 or GLUT8 expression and inhibited GLUT12 expression by 50% after 72 h of treatment (P < 0.05). In separate experiments, the expression of GLUTs in the mouse mammary epithelial cell line HC11 or in bovine primary mammary epithelial cells was not increased by lactogenic hormone treatments. Moreover, treatment of dairy cows with bovine prolactin had no effect on GLUT expression in the mammary gland. In conclusion, lactogenic hormones clearly stimulate expression of milk protein and lipogenic genes, but they do not appear to mediate the marked up-regulation of GLUT expression in the mammary gland during the onset of lactation.     

L-苹果酸对湘云鲫生长性能、体组成、消化和抗氧化能力的影响

本试验旨在研究L-苹果酸对湘云鲫生长性能、体组成、消化和抗氧化能力的影响。选取均重为(16.25±0.03)g的湘云鲫450尾,随机分为6组(每组3个重复,每个重复25尾),分别饲喂在基础饲料中添加0(对照组)、1、2、4、8和16 g/kg L-苹果酸的试验饲料,试验期90 d。结果表明:饲料中添加L-苹果酸可显著降低饲料pH和系酸力(P<0.05)。饲料中添加L-苹果酸可提高湘云鲫的摄食量和增重率,降低饲料系数,并在添加水平为4 g/kg时达到最佳生长性能。饲料中L-苹果酸添加水平为0~8 g/kg时,全鱼水分含量逐渐下降,粗蛋白质、粗脂肪和粗灰分含量逐渐增加,且4和8 g/kg组均与对照组差异显著(P<0.05)。饲料蛋白质沉积率在4 g/kg组达到最高,脂肪和灰分沉积率则在8 g/kg组最高,并均与对照组差异显著(P<0.05)。肠道淀粉酶活性在4 g/kg组达到最高,脂肪酶、胰蛋白酶和Na+/K+-ATP酶活性均在8 g/kg组达到最高,并均与对照组差异显著(P<0.05)。饲料中添加L-苹果酸可提高肝脏超氧化物歧化酶和苹果酸脱氢酶活性,降低丙二醛含量,且上述指标均在4 g/kg组达到最佳值,并与对照组差异显著(P<0.05)。由此得出,饲料中适量添加L-苹果酸可促进湘云鲫的生长,降低饲料系数,增加鱼体营养物质沉积,提高消化和抗氧化能力;L-苹果酸在湘云鲫饲料中的适宜添加量为4~8 g/kg。     

水貂犬瘟热病毒LD-1株的分离与鉴定

取山东某貂场疑似犬瘟热病毒（canine distemper virus,CDV）感染的水貂肝脏等组织病料,通过RT-PCR检测呈CDV阳性,且无水貂细小病毒存在,将病料接种原代CEF细胞、传代系Vero细胞和DF1细胞3种细胞进行病毒分离,通过优化细胞培养条件,最终在Vero细胞上传代培养成功,出现露珠状典型细胞病变（CPE）。分离毒应用RT-PCR、PCR产物测序、抗体中和试验（SN）、间接免疫荧光试验（IFA）及病毒包涵体检查等多种方法进行了CDV的鉴定,结果显示CDV阳性,表明分离到的病毒为水貂CDV,并将其命名为CDV LD-1株。     

Analysis on Target Genes with Mutation in microRNA of Blue-shelled Chicken and White Leghorn

The study was conducted to explore the potential different characters between Blue-shelled chicken and White leghorn.Global genome microRNA was combined the identified microRNA with complementary lab-predicted microRNA.Then the two breed chicken's SNP data got by GGRS were mapped to the microRNA and focused on SNP that deliberately located in mature-microRNA.Bioinformatics method was adopted for target prediction on microRNA which had SNPs.By further gene enrichment analysis,the study found these genes enriched in 22 GO terms,10 KEGG pathways,and 3 IPA important networks.And they enriched in traits which associated with growth,such as mTOR signaling pathways,Wnt signaling pathways,growth hormone receptor networks and insulin-like growth factor Ⅰ receptor networks.And they also enriched in some laying traits,such as oocyte meiotic signaling pathways and progesterone mature oocytes signaling pathways.The methods and the results might provide references for further studies.     

宁夏动物卫生监督机构改革调研

为了解宁夏动物卫生监督机构改革的发展现状,为兽医体制改革提供参考,通过对宁夏各级动物卫生监督机构体制进行摸底调查,在对机构现状阐述的基础上,着重分析了在改革过程中面临的立法滞后、执法主体缺失、职能定位不明、队伍素质偏低、动物卫生监督工作弱化等主要问题,提出了完善立法、推进农业综合执法、做好机构衔接、加强执法人员培训等对策和建议。     

强化管理、严格执法、提升服务水平确保畜产品质量安全

畜产品质量安全事关人民群众的身体健康和生命安全,是我们工作的终极目标所在,不论我们抓防疫、检疫,对超市、集市、屠宰场等场所进行监管,对各类违法案件进行处理,还是日常对各类法律、法规的宣传、专业的培训、咨询等各项工作,其最终都是为了畜产品的质量安全。因此     

西南岩溶地区石漠化成因和治理重点

目前岩溶地区石漠化治理主要措施是植树造林、封山育林、小流域治理、围栏禁牧,但未能遏制石漠化扩展趋势。石漠化扩展的主要原因是陡坡地过度垦殖。当前应将石漠化治理的重点放在减少陡坡垦殖,实施坡地种草,促进农林牧业结合,建设完善的农业生态系统。     

民国时期西北地区苜蓿栽培利用刍考

自汉代苜蓿引入我国以来,受到历朝历代的重视,民国时期亦不例外,苜蓿种植利用也得到了发展。在收集近现代有关苜蓿研究文献的基础上,对民国时期西北地区苜蓿种植利用情形进行了梳理与归纳,结果表明,在民国时期西北地区乃为我国苜蓿种植集中区,在陕西、甘肃、新疆、绥远(西部)、宁夏和青海等都有种植,据不完全考查,种植苜蓿的县有52个,其中以陕西最多,达22个县,甘肃次之为14个县,新疆为8个县,绥远(西部)为3个县,宁夏2县(道)和青海1个县。特别是陕甘宁边区发展苜蓿的势头高涨,如1942年边区政府在延安、安塞、甘泉、志丹、定边、靖边等县种植苜蓿达3万亩,陇东种植苜蓿2.3万亩;1944年延川县紫花苜蓿保留面积2.0万亩,到1949年,陕西全省种植苜蓿约98.49万亩。1949年新疆苜蓿保留面积达29300 hm²。绥远河套地区还进行了苜蓿粮草轮作,并建立了苜蓿种植基地。为了鼓励苜蓿种植,边区政府出台了不少政策,例如,1941年边区政府公布了《陕甘宁边区政府建设厅关于种牧草的指示信》,1942年边区政府颁布了《陕甘宁边区卅一年推广苜蓿实施办法》等,李仪祉在治理黄河的方略中,从大农业、生态环境和经济效益出发,提倡广种苜蓿,肥田养畜,并提出了4条种植苜蓿的措施。李烛尘提出,苜蓿根入土深,且能耐旱,适宜西北地区种植和培植草原。苜蓿除用于饲喂家畜外,幼嫩时可当蔬菜食用,在灾荒年也是百姓很好的救荒食物,苜蓿作为农产品常出现在兰州的市场上,试验表明苜蓿保存水土流失的作用要大于作物。