不同原料好氧堆肥过程中碳转化特征及腐殖质组分的变化

为探讨不同畜禽粪便（牛粪和羊粪）为主料,添加不同作物秸秆（玉米秸秆和小麦秸秆）为辅料在堆肥过程中的碳转化特征及腐殖质组分的变化规律,采用条垛式好氧堆肥研究了不同原料组合（T1：牛粪+玉米秸秆;T2：牛粪+小麦秸秆;T3：羊粪+玉米秸秆;T4：羊粪+小麦秸秆）在堆肥过程中总有机碳（TOC）、可溶性有机碳（DOC）和腐殖酸含量的碳转化特征以及胡敏酸（HA）和富里酸（FA）的含量变化规律。结果表明：所有处理的TOC含量随堆肥过程的推进而下降,至堆肥结束时T1~T4处理的TOC含量分别下降了22.1%、21.5%、23.6、23.7%;DOC含量也随堆肥过程的推进而降低,至堆肥第15天时降低至最低,T1~T4处理分别降低至6.57、5.47、4.73 g·kg^-1和4.93 g·kg^-1,但不同处理的变化规律明显不同：以牛粪为主料的T1和T2处理在第10天以前几乎无变化,而以羊粪为主料的T3和T4处理从一开始就迅速下降至最低值,至堆肥第15天时T1~T4处理的降幅分别为32.4%、36.5%、51.8%和39.3%;总腐殖酸(THA)含量的增加始于堆肥的第10天,第15天时达到最高值,最高值分别为25.5%、22.5%、29.8%和30.0%,整个堆肥过程中T3和T4处理显著高于T1和T2处理（P＜0.05）。随堆肥过程的推进,游离腐殖酸(FHA)含量逐渐降低,堆肥结束时降幅为7.6%~18.0%; HA含量逐渐增加,至堆肥结束时增幅为65.4%~197.8%,堆肥过程提高了胡敏酸态碳。T3和T4处理的FHA和HA含量在整个堆肥过程中始终高于牛粪组合T1和T2处理。FA含量随堆肥进程推进逐渐下降,至堆肥结束时降幅为44.9%~54.9%。羊粪中较高含量的纤维素、半纤维素和HA可能是堆肥产品中THA和HA含量较高的主要原因,在以牛粪为主料的堆肥配料中适当加入羊粪可以提高堆肥产品的腐殖酸含量和胡敏酸态碳。     

Ethanol extract from Cortex Albiziae attenuates mouse acute liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride via modulation of NF-κB pathway

AIM:To investigate the protective effect of ethanol extract from Cortex Albiziae on acute liver injury, and to explore its possible mechanism. METHODS:Acute liver injury in mice was induced by single intraperitoneal injection of 25% carbon tetrachloride (olive oil solubilization). The effective parts of ethanol extract from Cortex Albizziae against acute liver injury were screened. The pathological changes of the liver tissues were examined by pathological sections with HE staining. The activity of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) of the liver tissues were detected, the serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were mea-sured by ELISA, and the protein expression levels of NF-κB p65, Bcl-2 and Bax in the liver cells of the mice in each group were determined by Western blot. RESULTS:Compared with model group, the serum levels of AST and ALT in low-dose n-butanol phase of ethanol extract from Cortex Albiziae (AB-L, 4 mg·kg^-1·d^-1) group and high-dose n-butanol phase of ethanol extract from Cortex Albiziae (AB-H, 8 mg·kg^-1·d^-1) group were significantly decreased. The necrosis extent and degree of the hepatocytes and infiltration of inflammatory cells were significantly lower than that in model group. Compared with model group, the serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in AB-H group and AB-L group were significantly decreased (P<0.05). The protein level of NF-κB p65 in the nuclei of mouse liver cells in AB-H group and AB-L group were also decreased significantly (P<0.05). Compared with model group, the protein expression of Bax was decreased, the protein expression of Bcl-2 was increased, and the Bcl-2/Bax ratio was increased in AB-L group and AB-H group. CONCLUSION:The n-butanol phase of ethanol extract from Cortex Albiziae may protect the liver by reducing the activation of NF-κB p65, inhibiting the excessive release of inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α, and decreasing hepatocyte apoptosis via regulating Bcl-2 and Bax expression.     

Effects of ZIP14 on biological behaviors of hepatocellular carcinoma cell line BEL-7404

AIM: To study the expression of zinc transporter ZRT/IRT-like protein 14 (ZIP14) in the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues, and to investigate the effects of ZIP14 over-expression on the biological behaviors of HCC cells. METHODS: The expression of ZIP14 at mRNA and protein levels in the HCC tissues and adjacent non-tumor tissues were detected by real-time PCR and immunohistochemical staining, respectively. The lentivirus expression system containing GV365-ZIP14 was constructed, and was used to infect the HCC cell line BEL-7404, which had relatively poor expression of ZIP14. The expression of ZIP14 at mRNA and protein levels in the transfected cells were detected by real-time PCR and Western blot, respectively. Under the conditions of zinc sulfate stimulation at different concentrations, the cell viability, the cell cycle, and the cell migration and invasion abilities were detected by MTT assay, DNA ploid detection, and Transwell assay, respectively. RESULTS: The mRNA expression level and the strong-positive rate of protein expression of ZIP14 in the HCC tissues were significantly lower than those in the adjacent non-tumor liver tissues (P<0.01). The expression of ZIP14 at mRNA and protein levels in the BEL7404 cells was significantly enhanced by infection of GV365-ZIP14 expression lentivirus. Compared with negative control group (transfected with negative control lentivirus), the cell viability, migration and invasion in ZIP14 over-expression group (transfected with GV365-ZIP14 expression lentivirus) were significantly reduced, and the percentage of the cells in G₂/M phase was significantly increased, all of which were more obvious with the elevation of zinc concentration in the culture medium. CONCLUSION: ZIP14 is low expressed in the HCC tissues. The ZIP14 over-expression has inhibitory effects on the viability, migration and invasion of HCC cells, and blocks the cell cycle in G₂/M phase, which might be closely related to the elevation of zinc concentration in cytoplasma of HCC cells due to enchanced zinc transport by ZIP14.     

国家尺度种植业面源污染负荷估算方法研究

空间尺度上,种植业面源污染负荷估算可用分为田块尺度、流域尺度和区域尺度。国家尺度属于区域尺度范畴,是掌握整个国家种植业源污染负荷概况、检验种植业面源污染防治措施成效、预测面源污染发展趋势的重要尺度。本文综述了国家尺度上种植业面源污染负荷估算的研究方法,主要包括输出系数法、改进输出系数法、多元回归法、贝叶斯递归回归树模型、过程模型模拟法等,并利用以上方法对我国种植业面源污染负荷进行估算。其中氮素径流损失估算结果在0.30～2.40 Tg之间,氮素淋洗损失为0.36～2.03 Tg,磷素径流损失为3.5～6.37 Mg。指出了我国国家尺度种植业面源污染流失量估算方法存在以下主要问题:源头排放未区分背景排放和肥料排放,也未考虑南方一年多熟制排放差异,过程削减未充分考虑沿程消纳。为此,提出我国国家尺度种植业面源污染负荷估算方法应进一步明细各土地利用输出系数、区分背景排放和肥料排放,考虑我国熟制的区域差异、考虑田块到流域出口的沿程削减。     

基于线粒体16S rRNA基因序列的中日朝菲律宾蛤仔野生群体遗传多样性分析

为了解中国菲律宾蛤仔Ruditapes philippinarum野生苗种产区的群体和潜在可作修复用途的日本、朝鲜群体的种质遗传基础,以中国山东莱州(LZ)、广西北海(BH)、辽宁营口(YK)、天津(TJ)4个野生群体,以及日本北海道(JH)和朝鲜新义州(NKS)野生群体(各10个)为材料,通过线粒体16SrRNA基因...     

吉林省大豆品种（系）遗传多样性分析

为明确吉林省2003—2022年育成的大豆品种（系）的遗传距离和亲缘关系,选取2003—2022年育成的299份大豆品种（系）为试验材料,利用覆盖大豆基因组的SNP标记对其进行遗传多样性和群体结构分析。结果表明：1）3 240个SNP标记在参试材料中共检测出A/A、A/G、A/T等16种基因型,分子标记多态信息量（PIC）范围为0.009 9~0.556 1,平均值0.318 4;使用Powermarker vision 3.25软件,得到样本群体等位基因频率为0.688 3、平均PIC为0.318 5。2）参试材料间遗传相似系数在44.86%~95.46%,平均为63.40%;其中,遗传相似系数在60%~70%的材料最多,样本数为170份,占参试材料的56.86%。3）根据遗传距离将参试材料划分为4个类群,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ类群分别含有8、3、115、173份品种（系）;来源于同一育种单位的品种（系）一般划分到同一类群。4）进一步利用STRUCTURE进行遗传结构预测,结果显示K=4,表明参试的299份品种（系）可被划分成4组独立的遗传结构类群;第1、2、3、4遗传结构类群分别含有24、18、105、152份品种（系）,第1遗传结构类群含祖先遗传物质最多,第2、3、4遗传结构类群中外引遗传物质占比逐渐增多,第4遗传结构类群中外引遗传物质占比为46.80%。综上,参试大豆品种群体总的遗传背景相对狭窄,但随着外引遗传物质的引入,第4遗传结构类群（152份）的遗传多样性显著高于总体水平。     

绕水翼空泡脱落及其空化脉动特性

为改善水力机械抗空化性能,采用数值模拟与试验相结合的方法对NACA0015水翼非定常云空泡脱落机理进行研究,分析不同空化阶段下非定常空泡结构对翼型表面产生的空化脉动规律,探讨空化非定常过程中压力脉动产生的主要原因.结果表明:基于密度分域滤波器的湍流模型(FBDCM)能较好地模拟水翼表面空泡周期性脱落的非定常过程;在攻角为8°,空化数为1.25的工况下,空泡演化的非定常过程主要分为3个阶段,分别为附着型空泡形成与生长阶段、附着型空泡脱落与云空化形成阶段和云状空泡发展与溃灭阶段;在第二阶段结束时,空泡体积分数增至该周期内最大值;在第三阶段,由于空泡在翼型表面逐渐脱落并溃灭,翼型表面的压力水平逐渐回升,且回射流是空泡脱落的主要原因.     

黄皮种质资源果实糖组分及其含量特征分析

【目的】分析64份黄皮种质资源的果实单果质量、果形指数、可溶性固形物（TSS）含量、可溶性总糖含量、可滴定酸（TA）含量、糖组分及含量等指标,为选育优质黄皮品种（系）提供依据。【方法】采用蒽酮比色法和酸碱滴定法测定黄皮果实可溶性总糖和TA含量,同时利用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）分析可溶性糖的组成及含量,结合果形指数、TSS含量等数据,利用主成分分析方法综合评价筛选优质黄皮品系。【结果】64个黄皮品种（系）的单果质量介于3.82～13.17 g,果形指数0.94～1.57、平均值为1.1,TSS含量10.96%～24.55%、平均18.08%,可溶性总糖含量8.04%～16.96%、平均11.88%,TA含量0.11%～1.95%、平均1.01%,蔗糖含量18.65～74.85 mg/g、平均44.28 mg/g,葡萄糖含量.7～32.1 mg/g、平均20.00 mg/g,果糖含量11.15～46.85 mg/g、平均22.56 mg/g。鹰嘴黄皮（008）可溶性总糖含量最高、达16.96%,塔下甜皮（086）果糖占比高达35.41%、糖酸比达102.14。【结论】黄皮为蔗糖积累型,通...     

池塘鱼菜立体种养系统的微生物群落结构分析

为了解池塘鱼菜立体种养系统中微生物的群落结构特征, 探究池塘鱼菜立体种养系统不同组成之间的相互关系, 采用Illumina MiSeq高通量测序方法对系统不同组成的微生物16S rRNA V3～V4区进行测序,比较分析了水体、底泥、蕹菜Ipomoea aquatica Forsk根际与根表、暗纹东方鲀Takifugu ...     

用全基因组关联分析解析籼稻垩白的遗传基础

利用272份全球籼稻微核心种质的重测序SNP基因型,对海南三亚、广东深圳、浙江杭州和湖北荆州4个地点收集到的垩白粒率和垩白度性状采用TASSEL软件进行全基因组关联分析,解析籼稻垩白的遗传基础和挖掘影响垩白粒率和垩白度的优异等位基因。结果表明,依据SNP数据,可将籼稻微核心种质分成3个亚群。4个地点分别检测到42个和44个与垩白粒率和垩白度显著关联的位点,位于全部12条染色体上。2个性状分别有21个和19个位点在2个以上环境下同时被检测到,这些位点中有12个位点同时影响垩白粒率和垩白度,11个位点附近都有已克隆的水稻品质相关基因。其中,第5染色体3.3~5.3 Mb区间在4个地点都被检测到与垩白粒率显著关联,以杭州点对垩白粒率的贡献最大,优异等位基因载体品种为IRGC121689;第12染色体的17.5~18.0 Mb区间在三亚和杭州都被检测到与垩白度显著关联,以三亚点的垩白度贡献最大,优异等位基因载体品种为IRGC122285。这些位点和品种资源可作水稻外观品质分子改良的重要基因和品种资源。