枸杞玻璃化组培苗恢复技术

以枸杞不同程度玻璃化组培苗为试材,采用组织培养法,研究了不同基本培养基、外源添加物、添加聚丙烯酰胺、改变培养条件及玻璃化苗脱水处理在玻璃化组培苗恢复中的作用,探索出最佳的枸杞玻璃化组培苗恢复方法。结果表明:1/2MS+6-BA 0.5mg·L^-1+活性炭0.5g·L^-1为枸杞轻度玻璃化苗恢复最佳培养基,适宜枸杞中度玻璃化苗恢复培养基为1/4MS+6-BA 0.5mg·L^-1+活性炭1.0g·L^-1。当添加聚丙烯酰胺8、16g·L^-1,枸杞轻度、中度玻璃化苗恢复率均达到最高,聚丙烯酰胺对枸杞玻璃化的组培苗有明显的逆转效果,逆转后的组培苗生长良好。经过脱水处理后,玻璃化苗明显得到恢复。脱水2d轻度玻璃化苗的恢复率可达77.61%。随着脱水的天数增加,枸杞中度玻璃化苗恢复率逐渐提高,当脱水天数达3d时,恢复率最高达71.24%。培养期间增强封口膜的透气性和光照强度能有效提高枸杞玻璃化苗恢复率。     

Effect of fertigation frequency on soil nitrogen distribution and tomato yield under alternate partial root-zone drip irrigation

Alternate partial root-zone drip fertigation (ADF) is a combination of alternating irrigation and drip fertigation, with the potential to save water and increase nitrogen (N) fertilizer efficiency.  A 2-year greenhouse experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of different fertigation frequencies on the distribution of soil moisture and nutrients and tomato yield under ADF.  The treatments included three ADF frequencies with intervals of 3 days (F3), 6 days (F6) and 12 days (F12), and conventional drip fertigation as a control (CK), which was fertilized once every 6 days.  For the ADF treatments, two drip tapes were placed 10 cm away on each side of the tomato row, and alternate drip irrigation was realized using a manual valve on the distribution tapes.  For the CK treatment, a drip tape was located close to the roots of the tomato plants.  The total N application rate of all treatments was 180 kg ha–1.  The total irrigation amounts applied to the CK treatment were 450.6 and 446.1 mm in 2019 and 2020, respectively; and the irrigation amounts applied to the ADF treatments were 60% of those of the CK treatment.   The F3 treatment resulted in water and N being distributed mainly in the 0–40-cm soil layer with less water and N being distributed in the 40–60-cm soil layer.  The F6 treatment led to 21.0 and 29.0% higher 2-year average concentration of mineral N in the 0–20 and 20–40-cm soil layer, respectively and a 23.0% lower N concentration in the 40–60-cm soil layer than in the CK treatment.  The 2-year average tomato yields of the F3, F6, F12, and CK treatments were 107.5, 102.6, 87.2, and 98.7 t ha–1, respectively.  The tomato yield of F3 was significantly higher (23.3%) than that in the F12 treatment, whereas there was no significant difference between the F3 and F6 treatment.  The F6 treatment resulted in yield similar to the CK treatment, indicating that ADF could maintain tomato yield with a 40% saving in water use.  Based on the distribution of water and N, and tomato yield, a fertigation frequency of 6 days under ADF should be considered as a water-saving strategy for greenhouse tomato production.     

广东陈香茶后发酵过程中主要微生物种群和酶类活性变化的研究

以岭头单丛茶树品种晒青毛茶为材料进行后发酵加工陈香茶,重点跟踪研究后发酵过程不同阶段的微生物种群、主要生化成分及主导酶类的变化并进行鉴定和分析。结果表明,在陈香茶后发酵过程中,微生物以产黄青霉和黑曲霉为主。茶多酚、茶黄素、茶红素、游离氨基酸等茶叶品质成分含量均呈下降趋势,而茶褐素逐步增加;果胶酶、纤维素酶等促进茶叶品质形成的酶类在后发酵一翻（4 d）时活力到达最高峰,多酚氧化酶在整个过程中活性较低。     

两个杂交稻组合及其亲本材料对白背飞虱抗性的研究

采用田间白背飞虱种群调查和水稻产量、室内白背飞虱蜜露量、产卵量及卵发育率测定,在浙江富阳和重庆秀山两地研究了杂交稻组合及其亲本材料对白背飞虱的抗虫性.田间试验结果表明不育系协青早A和珍汕97A表现出对白背飞虱比感虫对照品种TN1更感虫的"超感虫性",稻株上的若虫量分别高达371.1和292.5只/丛.在杂交稻汕优63和协优9308上的若虫数量与TN1上的相当,杂交稻的感虫性主要来源于其不育系亲本.在无杀虫剂防治的情况下,感虫杂交稻组合的千粒重和产量损失率高达22%和78%左右,不育系材料被完全毁灭,表现为虫量越大,千粒重下降幅度越大,产量损失率越高.蜜露量测定表明,恢复系明恢63和9803具有一定的耐虫性.白背飞虱在杂交稻及其亲本上的产卵量和卵发育率没有显著差异.还对杂交稻抗虫性的改良进行了讨论.     

感官评定与仪器分析在北豆腐品质评价中的应用

采用感官评定、质构测定及色泽测定对不同大豆品种加工的北豆腐的品质进行了研究.结果表明:感官评定与仪器测定指标间具有良好的相关性.仪器测定指标中硬度、胶着性、咀嚼性、L*值与感官的总体可接受性呈显著相关关系,相关系数分别为-0.642、-0.447、-0.620、0.624.建立了各相关指标间的回归方程,F值及相关系数R...     

乳酸菌培养液中活菌数与吸光度的关系研究

通过平板计数法测定脱脂乳为培养基的发酵液中乳酸菌的活菌数,并测其对应的吸光度,研究两者之间的相关关系。结果表明:在发酵过程中以脱脂乳为培养基的发酵液中乳酸菌的活菌数与吸光度之间呈线性相关关系。因此,通过测定发酵液的吸光度可以评定发酵乳制品中乳酸菌的活菌数。     

夹江花(鱼骨)的形态生物学

测量分析了夹江花(鱼骨)的外部形态特征和框架特征,为其形态种质标准和系统分类研究提供参考.可数性状方面:背鳍Ⅲ-7,尾鳍19,臀鳍Ⅲ-6,腹鳍I-8,胸鳍I-16～19,第一鳃弓鳃耙数6～10,围尾柄鳞18～20,侧线鳞46(6.5-7.5)/(4.5-V)49,下咽齿3行、1.3.5-5.3.1,脊椎骨4 42～44;可量性状方面:全长为体长的1.20倍,体长为体高4.38倍、为头长4.18倍、为尾柄长5.52倍、为肠长0.84倍,头长为吻长2.79倍、为眼径4.21倍、为眼间距3.47倍,体高为体宽1.50倍,尾柄长为尾柄高1.77倍.体重与体长相关式为W=0.0123L3.083,n=30,r=0.9983.肥满度系数为1.57.     

影响我国海洋生态安全的因素及对策

海洋生态安全对于海洋经济持续、健康、稳定发展具有重要作用。人类不合理的开发、利用海洋资源,使海洋生态系统不断遭到破坏,制约海洋经济的可持续发展。在海洋经济飞速发展的今天,我国海洋生态安全总体形势严峻,本文在分析影响海洋生态安全因素的基础上,从加强海洋生态道德建设、加强海洋环境监测、建立防灾减灾体系、国际协作等七个方面提出加强海洋生态保护、保障海洋生态系统健康稳定发展的对策。     

卤虫虾片对水体pH值的影响

通过喂养中国对虾幼体试验，分别以卤虫虾片试验组和传统饵对照组进行。试验表明，在幼体成活率方面，前者稍优于后者，在养殖水体的最主要指标PH方面，二者差别不大。说明投喂卤虫虾片对中国对虾幼体的成活率和水质无良影响，用低值的卤虫虾片代替部分或全部高价的活体饵料是切实可行的，能够满足育苗需要。     

长江中上游圆口铜鱼的种群死亡特征及其物种保护

根据葛洲坝(1998～2007年)、重庆(2006～2007年)和合江江段(1998～2005年)的渔业资源调查资料,对圆口铜鱼的种群死亡特征进行了评估,并利用Beverton-Holt模型的单位补充量渔获量方程,分析和探讨了长江中上游圆口铜鱼资源的合理利用.结果表明:1)3个江段各年间的圆口铜鱼开发率和捕捞死亡系数均远远大于相应年份最大允许的开发率和捕捞标准的基准尺度F0.1,3个江段的圆口铜鱼资源均处于严重过度捕捞状况;2)葛洲坝江段圆口铜鱼的最适开捕年龄为4龄(体长330mm),重庆和合江江段圆口铜鱼的开捕年龄应至少为5龄(体长375 mm).为保护圆口铜鱼的资源,建议葛洲坝江段三层流刺网的网日(2a)应大于75 mm为宜,重庆和合江江段的网目(2a)应不小于90 mm且同时需要控制各种渔具的日均作业次数.