典型血吸虫病疫区河滩地五氯酚污染土壤微生物特征——以松滋老陈镇庙河为例

采用现场采样及室内分析方法,对长期施用五氯酚（PCP）作为钉螺杀灭剂的典型血吸虫病流行疫区河滩地的土壤微生物特征进行了初步调查研究。结果表明,长期大量施用PCP对河滩裸地土壤微生物种群造成了一定程度的伤害,降低了微生物的总体活性;而种植杨树有利于恢复土壤微生物生物量碳,对修复PCP污染土壤有一定的促进作用。Biolog结果显示土壤微生物利用单一碳源能力的大小顺序为杨树林地〉对照〉河滩裸地,表明有机污染在一定程度上抑制了土壤微生物的生长。主成分分析显示对照、杨树林与河滩裸地的碳源利用能力差异显著,表明PCP污染对微生物的碳源利用造成了显著影响。土壤微生物对不同种类碳源利用计算结果表明,种植杨树导致林地土壤环境条件发生变化,杨树林地土壤微生物对碳源的利用也发生了明显变化。     

基于GIS的安徽省长丰县耕地上草莓适宜性评价研究

以安徽省长丰县为例,利用GIS对长丰县不同耕地中的草莓适宜性进行了评价。通过建立评价基础属性数据库、选择评价因子、确定评价因子的组合权重和隶属度等,得出长丰县不同耕地上草莓适宜性评价的分级方案,并对结果进行了详细分析。利用GIS技术进行草莓适宜性评价研究,可以从宏观上合理布局草莓的种植,实现产量的最大化,为稳产增产提供了科学指导,同时也能为土地管理和规划提供科学的量化依据。     

微生物降解1,2,4-三氯苯研究进展

1,2,4-三氯苯(1,2,4-TCB)的微生物降解机制包括好氧降解、还原脱氯和共代谢。本文简要综述了国内外对1,2,4-TCB微生物降解方面的研究进展,分析了其微生物降解的可行性,讨论了其好氧降解的微生物种类以及降解途径,阐述了厌氧条件下,混合菌群以及纯菌株对1,2,4-TCB还原脱氯的过程,目的是为1,2,4-TCB污染土壤的微生物修复提供依据。     

食品中黄酮醇的组成、性质及其检测方法

黄酮醇是一类重要的类黄酮类物质,它广泛存在于水果、蔬菜以及它们的加工产品饮料和红葡萄酒中.本文对黄酮醇类物质的分类、组成、生物学性质及其检测方法进行论述,并对今后研究重点提出展望.     

黔中废弃煤矿区酸性排水污染特征及对作物种苗生长的影响

通过对贵阳市花溪区麦坪乡废弃煤矿区酸性排水进行样品收集与分析,探讨煤矿酸性排水的污染特征及对作物种苗生长的影响。研究结果表明,在煤矿附近50～350m距离内溪沟水pH变化达2.35～6.3,污染物主要以SO24-、Fe、Mn为主;矸石堆洼地蓄积水完全抑制两种植物的萌发;距井口50m溪沟水和距井口30m农田水处理油菜都表现为种子发芽后发霉死亡;距井口100m处溪沟水和距井口30m农田水处理油菜和水稻的种子发芽率、幼苗鲜重和干重、发芽指数和简化活力指数与对照（蒸馏水处理）之间均存在极显著差异（P〈0.01）。煤矿酸性排水胁迫下,水稻各项指标变幅低于油菜,说明物种耐性强度为水稻〉油菜。     

60Co-γ辐照改性银掺杂纳米TiO2及光催化降解乙烯

为了解60Co-γ射线辐照且以活性炭纤维(ACF)为载体所负载TiO2的半导体材料(TiO2/ACF)对光催化降解冷藏环境中乙烯的影响,该文拟采用60Co-γ辐照制备纳米Ag沉积的TiO2/ACF (Ag-TiO2/ACF)光催化材料,在模拟园艺产品的冷藏环境中,进行了3种不同膜的光催化降解乙烯效果的研究,并利用场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)对所制备的光催化材料进行相关的表征分析.结果表明:在加入分散剂聚乙烯吡咯烷酮后,60C0-γ辐照能使Ag颗粒较好地负载在TiO2上,TiO2均匀分散在ACF膜上而不发生团聚,且TiO2颗粒晶相改变、尺寸变小,有助于提高Ag-TiO2/ACF的催化效率.Ag-TiO2/ACF光催化降解乙烯的效果用一级动力学速率方程描述;经辐照制备的Ag-TiO2/ACF薄膜比未辐照的TiO2/ACF和辐照的TiO2/ACF薄膜光催化降解乙烯的反应速率常数分别提高了44％和37％.研究结果为TiO2光催化技术的进一步的应用提供了参考.     

Seasonal Changes of Mineral Nutrients in Fruit and Leaves of ‘Newhall’ and ‘Skagg's Bonanza’ Navel Oranges

In southern Jiangxi province of China, ‘Newhall’(Citrus sinensis Osbeck) navel orange presented a conspicuous symptom of boron (B) deficiency in mature leaves, whereas B deficiency symptoms were not manifested on ‘Skagg's Bonanza’(C. sinensis Osbeck) navel orange. In this study, changes in concentrations of B, calcium (Ca), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn) were comparatively investigated in the structural parts of the fruit (rind and pulp) and leaves (old leaves from last season and spring-flush leaves from current year) of ‘Newhall’ and ‘Skagg's Bonanza’ navel orange during the growing season. Two peaks of B concentrations were observed in the rind of the two cultivars during fruitlet growth and fruit enlargement, respectively. Boron concentrations were relatively high in the rind during fruitlet growth, and then decreased in both rind and pulp, whereas, during middle and late fruit enlargement significant increases were found for B in both rind and pulp of the two cultivars. Boron concentrations in old leaves of ‘Newhall’ decreased progressively and remained relatively low, whereas that of ‘Skagg's Bonanza’ was relatively high and changed slightly as the season progresses. Both Ca and K concentrations were above the critical threshold values, while their dynamics were reverse to that of B in fruit and leaves during certain times. Old leaf Mg concentrations of samples at 140 days after full bloom from the two cultivars and spring-flush leaves from ‘Newhall’ were below the threshold limit for sufficiency. In addition, Mg in old leaves was much lower from ‘Newhall’ than from ‘Skagg's Bonanza’. Spring-flush leaf concentrations of Mn and Zn and Mn concentrations in old leaves from ‘Newhall’ were relatively lacking during middle and late season, which accelerated the occurrence of B deficiency symptoms on mature leaves of ‘Newhall.’     

大气CO_2浓度富集对华北平原农田土壤可溶性碳含量的影响

<正>由温室气体排放导致的气候变化是当前全球关注的热点问题之一[1]。化石燃料燃烧、水泥生产、土地利用变化等人类活动向大气中排放大量CO2,进而引起全球变暖和地球系统碳循环过程的显著变化。研究表明,大气CO2浓度已由1870年的280μmol mol-1增加至2005年的379μmol mol-1,目前仍以1.9μmol mol-1a-1的速率急剧攀升;同期地表温度平均增加了0.74℃(变幅0.56~0.92℃)[2]。根据《中国应对气候变化国家方案》     

蓝藻生物节律性分子调控机制的研究进展

生物钟现象是一种普遍存在于生物界细胞的内源节律性保持机制。生物钟机制的存在可以使生物体的代谢行为产生并维持以24h为周期的昼夜节律,从而更好地适应于地球自转所产生的环境条件昼夜间节律性变化。蓝藻是目前生物钟分子机制研究中的模式生物,其依赖于kai基因家族成员的核心生物钟调控模式已经被众多研究者详细阐明。蓝藻生物钟的核心振荡器是由蓝藻kaiA／B／C的编码产物来调控的,Kai蛋白的表达模式具有节律性。KaiC蛋白磷酸化状态的节律性循环及输入、输出途径相关组成蛋白的翻译后修饰状态节律性循环共同组成其反馈回路,负责维持生物钟节律性振荡的持续进行并与环境周期保持同步。传统的蓝藻生物钟分子机制模型认为,节律性表达基因翻译产物的转录／翻译负反馈抑制环是生物节律性维持和输出的关键。遗憾的是,在其它物种生物钟分子机制研究中未发现由ka／基因家族成员同源基因组成的节律性标签,这表明以kaiA／B／C为核心振荡器的生物钟系统并不是一种跨物种保守的生物钟系统。近期,人们发现非转录／翻译依赖的振荡器（NTO）也具有成为生物节律性产生和维持的“源动力”的可能。过氧化物氧化还原酶（Pax）氧化还原状态节律性是第一种被报道的跨物种保守的NTO节律性标签,这也日渐成为蓝藻生物钟分子机制研究新的热点。     

蜡样芽孢杆菌菌株X5强化的生物有机肥能有效控制根结线虫(Meloidogyne sp.)

The efficacy of Bacillus cereus X5 as a potential biological control agent against root-knot nematodes was evaluated in vitro by examining second-stage juvenile mortality and egg hatching rate under addition of culture filtrate and in planta by application of bio-organic fertilizers enhanced with B. cereus X5, B. thuringiensis BTG, or Trichoderma harzianum SQR-T037 alone or together in greenhouse and field experiments. The biofumigation of the root-knot nematode-infested soil with organic materials (chicken manure, pig manure and rice straw) alone or in combination with B. cereus X5 was also conducted in greenhouse experiments. In laboratory, the filtrate of B. cereus X5 more effectively reduced egg hatching rates during the incubation period for 14 d and more effectively killed the second-stage juvenile during the incubation period of 24 h than that of B. thuringiensis BTG. The highest dry shoot weights for greenhouse tomatoes and field muskmelons were found in both the treatment consisting of the bio-organic fertilizer enhanced with the three biocontrol agents and the treatment consisting of the bio-organic fertilizer enhanced only with B. cereus X5. The two bio-organic fertilizers achieved better nematicidal effects than those enhanced only with B. thuringiensis BTG or T. harzianum SQR-T037. B. cereus X5 also enhanced effect of biofumigation, which resulted in increased plant biomass and reduced nematode counts in the roots and rhizosphere soil. Therefore, these results suggested that biological control of root-knot nematodes both in greenhouses and fields could be effectively achieved by using B. cereus X5 and agricultural wastes.