An attempt at implementing a holistic inclusive development model: Insights from Malaysia's land settlement scheme

This paper examines the influences of Malaysia's Federation Land Development Authority (FELDA) scheme in fostering inclusive rural development. Based on the model of holistic inclusive development, the paper investigates the performance of FELDA from four perspectives: social development, industrialisation, modernisation and basic needs. The main findings of the study indicate that, to a large extent, the scheme has successfully stimulated both the social and economic development of the community. Nonetheless, establishing a strong trust, social cohesion and rapport between the public authorities and community remain the main challenges in determining the success of this state‐led agenda. Moreover, keeping traditional values in the modern system will be the key principle for the sustainability of the programme if plans are made to adopt the scheme in other regions.     

深圳市游憩资源现状及建设对策研究

文中采用问卷调查的方式结合对游憩资源的空间分布研究,对深圳市目前游憩资源的供给能力、使用状况、服务能力以及公众满意度与影响原因进行分析,结果表明:1)深圳总体的游憩资源类型供给能力排序为滨海风光类 > 都市观光类 > 休闲娱乐类 > 人文历史类 > 自然郊野类,同时各区的供给能力及其对总体资源供给能力的贡献不相同,盐田海滨风光类供给能力强且贡献最大,南山、福田、罗湖都市观光类供给能力强且对贡献相对次之,龙岗自然资源供给能力最强但贡献较小;2)海滨风光、都市观光、自然郊野游憩资源具有较高的吸引力与使用度;3)深圳总体自然郊野游憩资源的服务压力最大,其次为都市观光、滨海风光、休闲娱乐、人文历史,同时不同区的游憩资源本地服务能力存在差异;4)公众对深圳总体游憩地的满足度还不够高,主要源自建设内容与形式、特色创新、亲和融入性、体验参与性、方便可达性5个方面存在的问题。最后基于这一结果归纳出各区游憩资源开发提升的主题并提出多样丰富性、特色创新性、亲和融入性、体验参与性、方便可达性5项建设原则。     

Comparison of the distribution of mineral nutrients and active substances in dehydration- and salinity-stressed Aloe vera L.

Changes in growth and distribution of inorganic mineral elements and organic active substances in seedlings of A. vera were examined under treatments of ?0.44 and ?0.88 MPa polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG) and corresponding isosmotic sodium chloride (NaCl). All stress treatments inhibited plant growth, with NaCl severely inhibiting the growth of the seedlings than PEG. However, leaf biomass did not change significantly. The nitrogen concentration under PEG was maintained higher than that under NaCl. Salinity caused more severe ionic imbalance than dehydration. However, when the concentration of NaCl was increased, ion homeostasis was maintained. Stressors induced an increase in aloin concentration in leaves, especially in young leaves. Polysaccharide concentrations in leaves did not change under dehydration. However, the polysaccharide concentration decreased in the middle and base leaves under NaCl. A. vera exhibited high adaptability to suitable osmotic stress, which increases its main active ingredients in leaves.     

湘早籼46号在湖南益阳的种植表现及高产栽培技术

湘早籼46号是湖南省贺家山原种场选育的常规早籼迟熟水稻新品种,2009年通过湖南省农作物品种审定委员会审定。2011-2012年在湖南省益阳市多点引种试种,表现为丰产性好、熟期适宜、性状优良、抗性好、米质较优、售价高、效益好。为此,研究了一套与湘早籼46号配套的高产栽培技术措施,以期帮助农民增产增收。     

Signals induced by exogenous nitric oxide and their role in controlling brown rot disease caused by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Monilinia fructicola</Emphasis> in postharvest peach fruit

Recent evidence suggests that nitric oxide (NO) signaling plays an important role in plant–pathogen interactions and that aconitase is a major target of NO. In the present study on the signaling role of NO in the elicitation of defense responses in peach fruit against Monilinia fructicola and subsequent effect on brown rot disease, 15 μM NO solution induced disease resistance in harvested peaches. As a potentiated elicitor, NO induced high levels of endogenous NO and superoxide (O₂ ^?), hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), and NADPH oxidase and Ca²⁺-ATPase activity in the fruit. Aconitase activity in peach fruit was inhibited by NO. Activity of partially purified aconitase was inhibited in vitro by sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and H₂O₂; however, the inhibition could be relieved by carboxy-2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl 3-oxide (cPTIO) or catalase (CAT), indicating that the defense response and signals induced by NO transduction depend on aconitase and conditions leading to elevated levels of NO; otherwise, H₂O₂ would inactivate aconitase directly in fruit. Treatment with NO resulted in salicylic acid (SA) accumulating during storage. Higher levels of jasmonic acid (JA) were detected in NO-treated fruit 48 h after the treatment. But after NO was removed, the level of SA and JA were lower than in the control. The results suggest that exogenous NO enhances resistance of harvested peach fruit against the fungus by inducing signals such as endogenous NO, reactive oxygen species (ROS), SA and JA and by inhibiting aconitase activity.     

“葱”及其相关植物的原植物研究

“葱”是中国现代餐饮行业常见的调味品与食材,在中华民族传统文化的发展过程中有着悠久的历史。葱是何时开始进入人类社会的？历史上记载的葱共有哪些？这些问题,到目前依然未知。本项研究从2000年前的周朝相关历史文献开始,逐一整理出在不同历史时期典型文献中出现的“葱”,利用植物分类学的方法,结合现代的植物形态学与比较形态学的分析方法,整理了中国传统文化中与“葱”有关的植物名称共24个,并确定了其中21个名称所对应的原植物的科学名称。对葱属植物的研究,首次以案例研究的方式说明,早在1500年前的唐代,中国先民已经明确而清晰地认识到“葱”的“药食同源”现象;同时,该项研究也首次从植物学的角度,探讨了“葱”与“五荤三厌”的关系。     

吉林省不同地区亚洲玉米螟发生世代的变化

为明确吉林省不同地区亚洲玉米螟发生世代的变化,对吉林省东部、中部和西部3个生态区28个县(市)的亚洲玉米螟成虫产卵时期、幼虫发育和化蛹等情况进行了系统调查。结果显示,东部生态区大部分地区亚洲玉米螟只有1个落卵高峰期,未发现第1代幼虫化蛹,仍为1代发生区,而在伊通县和集安市有部分幼虫化蛹,已由1代发生区变为1代为主兼1.5代发生区;中部生态区大部分地区有2个落卵高峰期,未发现第2代幼虫化蛹,已由1.5代发生区变为完全2代发生区,而在双辽市和梨树县出现第3代低龄幼虫,已变为2代为主兼2.5代发生区;西部生态区大部分地区有2个落卵高峰期,未发现第2代幼虫化蛹,仍为2代发生区,而在通榆县出现第3代低龄幼虫,已由2代发生区变为2代为主兼2.5代发生区。表明随着全球气候变暖,吉林省亚洲玉米螟的世代发生数有增加的趋势。     

长期不同施肥对东北黑土区玉米产量稳定性的影响

【目的】通过阐明长期不同施肥下东北黑土区玉米产量的变化规律及其稳定性差异,为建立合理施肥模式、促进东北黑土区玉米持续稳产和高产提供科学依据。【方法】以（公主岭）国家黑土肥力与肥料效益长期试验为研究平台,利用8种不同施肥模式（CK、NP、NK、PK、NPK、M₁NPK、SNPK和M₂NPK）的25年数据分析玉米产量变化及土壤养分状况对施肥模式的响应。【结果】长期有机肥与化肥配施玉米产量总体上表现为上升趋势,有机肥氮替代部分化肥氮的有机无机配施处理增产效果也较为明显;M₁NPK、SNPK和NPK 3个等氮量施肥处理玉米平均产量差异不显著,其前11年NPK处理玉米产量高于SNPK和M₁NPK处理,后14年NPK处理玉米产量低于SNPK和M₁NPK处理;施化肥处理玉米平均产量（1990-2014年）排序为NPK＞NP＞NK＞PK、CK。氮、磷和钾肥对玉米产量的增产效应差异较大,每千克氮肥、磷肥和钾肥的产量效应分别为33.0、16.2和15.3 kg。有机无机配施处理玉米产量可持续指数（SYI）值高,分布在0.712-0.798,玉米产量可持续性好,而不平衡施肥和不施肥处理的SYI值最低;CK、PK和NK处理玉米产量变异系数较大,分布在18.5%-34.7%,产量稳定性差,而有机无机配施处理相对较小都在10.8%-13.0%。在施肥处理中,PK处理平均生产力贡献率最低,仅为37.8%,但与氮配施平均生产力贡献率达到91.2%;NPK、M₁NPK与SNPK 3个等氮量施肥处理平均生产力贡献率差异不显著。长期施用有机肥可明显提高土壤有机质、全氮、有效磷和速效钾含量,施用化肥磷对土壤有效磷含量提高较显著,但施用化肥氮和钾分别对土壤全氮和速效钾含量提高效果不显著;通过相关性分析可知玉米产量与土壤有机质、全氮和速效磷均呈极显著正相关（P＜0.01）,而与土壤速效钾含量呈显著正相关（P＜0.05）。【结论】长期不施肥或偏施化肥玉米产量的稳定性减弱、土壤生产力贡献率下降;平衡施用化肥可有效提高黑土区玉米产量稳定性和可持续性;有机肥与化肥配施具有明显的增产和稳产效果。因此,施用有机肥氮替代部分化肥氮的有机无机配施模式是东北黑土区最有效的施肥措施。