大叶杨组培快繁体系的建立

以大叶杨幼嫩的带腋芽茎段为试材,建立以腋芽诱导途径为基础的植株组培快繁体系。结果表明:大叶杨腋芽诱导的最适宜培养基为MS+NAA0.1 mg/L+6-BA0.1 mg/L,接种30 d,腋芽萌发率可达100%;最适宜增殖培养基为MS+NAA0.1 mg/L+6-BA2.0 mg/L,培养30 d,增殖系数可达4.0,幼苗生长健壮;最佳生根培养基为1/2MS+NAA0.1mg/L+IBA0.2 mg/L,培养30 d,平均生根达4条,平均根长为4.7 cm。     

喀什地区冬季果园微环境的低温特征分析

为了研究冬季南疆果园微环境中的最低气温及其变化特征,从而为果树越冬防寒措施的制定提供参考依据,利用2009~2012年连续3个冬季在喀什地区伽师县、疏附县2个果园内实测的气温数据,就2个果园中最低气温的出现时间、变化趋势和低温持续的时间进行了分析,探讨了伽师果园微环境中测定的最低气温和伽师县气象站记录的标准气温之间的差异。结果表明:1月是当地果园气温最低的月份,2个果园连续3个冬季的最低气温都出现在1月,气温在清晨08:00时至上午10:00时达到当天最低值;伽师果园测定的日、旬最低气温与该县气象站记录的最低气温的变化趋势基本一致,伽师果园中测定的日、旬最低气温始终低于伽师县气象站记录的同期标准气温,其与气象站标准气温的平均温差在3.6~4.1℃之间。     

播种时期对蒙古栎不同类型苗木出苗和生长的影响

以蒙古栎种子为材料,研究播种时期对蒙古栎不同类型苗木出苗和生长的影响,结果表明:蒙古栎在秋季不同时间播种的出苗率均在60%以上,但以早期(9月下旬)播种的出苗率最高(大于80%),早期播种的苗木在苗高、地径、侧根数、根体积和根生物量等指标上都明显要高于其它播种时期,蒙古栎在秋播裸根育苗时应适时早播;秋季播种的容器苗在所有观测的形态指标上均好于春季播种的容器苗,秋季容器育苗质量更高。     

影响藏猪与大约克夏猪肌肉品质的lncRNA的筛选及功能分析

旨在分析藏猪和大约克夏猪(180日龄)背最长肌组织中与猪肉质性状相关的长链非编码RNA (lncRNAs)和基因,探讨lncRNAs在猪肉品质中的分子调控作用,为猪肉质性状的改良提供理论依据.本研究根据先前公布的数据,以饲养在相同条件下的180日龄健康藏公猪(n-3)和大约克夏公猪(n-3)为研究对象,收集背最长肌肉品...     

Minimizing the central hydrophobic domain in oleosin for the constitution of artificial oil bodies

Oleosin, a unique structural protein anchoring onto the surface of seed oil bodies by its central hydrophobic domain, stabilizes these lipid-storage organelles as discrete entities. Stable artificial oil bodies have been successfully constituted with native or recombinant oleosins. In this study, recombinant sesame oleosin with 12 residues stepwise truncated from its central hydrophobic domain of 72 residues was overexpressed in Escherichia coli, was purified to homogeneity, and was used for the constitution. Artificial oil bodies constituted by truncated oleosins with the central hydrophobic domain longer than 36 residues were as stable as native sesame oil bodies, and those constituted by truncated oleosins lacking more than half of the original central hydrophobic domain inclined to coalesce upon collision or aggregation.     

Low-density lipoprotein, collagen, and thrombin models reveal that Rosemarinus officinalis L. exhibits potent antiglycative effects

Using the low-density lipoprotein (LDL), collagen, and thrombin models, we report here that the rosemary extracts (REs), either the aqueous (REw) or the acetonic (REA), all possessed many antiglycation-related features, and the effective concentrations required were as follows: 0.1 mg/mL for suppressing the relative electrophoretic mobility, 1.3 microg/mL for anticonjugated diene induction, 0.5 mg/mL for inhibition of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances production, 0.1 mg/mL for AGEs (advanced glycation end products) formation, 0.1 mg/mL to block glucose incorporation, and 0.05 mg/mL as an effective anti-antithrombin III. Using high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry, we identified five major constituents among eight major peaks, including rosmarinic acid, carnosol, 12-methoxycarnosic acid, carnosic acid, and methyl carnosate. In the LDL model, REA was proven to be more efficient than REw; yet, the reverse is true for the collagen and the thrombin III models, the reason of which was ascribed to the higher lipid-soluble antioxidant content (such as rosmarinic acid, carnosol, carnosic acid, 12-methoxycarnosic acid and methyl carnosate) in REA than in REw and the different surface lipid characteristics between LDL and collagen; although to act as anti-AGEs, both extracts were comparable. To assist the evidence, a larger 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging capability with less total polyphenolic content was found in REA. We conclude that rosemary is an excellent multifunctional therapeutic herb; by looking at its potential potent antiglycative bioactivity, it may become a good adjuvant medicine for the prevention and treatment of diabetic, cardiovascular, and other neurodegenerative diseases.     

Molecular action mechanism against apoptosis by aqueous extract from guava budding leaves elucidated with human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) model

Chronic cardiovascular and neurodegenerative complications induced by hyperglycemia have been considered to be associated most relevantly with endothelial cell damages (ECD). The protective effects of the aqueous extract of Psidium guajava L. budding leaves (PE) on the ECD in human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) model were investigated. Results revealed that glyoxal (GO) and methylglyoxal (MGO) resulting from the glycative and autoxidative reactions of the high blood sugar glucose (G) evoked a huge production of ROS and NO, which in turn increased the production of peroxynitrite, combined with the activation of the nuclear factor kappaB (NFkappaB), leading to cell apoptosis. High plasma glucose activated p38-MAPK, and high GO increased the expressions of p38-MAPK and JNK-MAPK, whereas high MGO levels induced the activity of ERK-MAPK. Glucose and dicarbonyl compounds were all found to be good inducers of intracellular PKCs, which together with MAPK acted as the upstream triggering factor to activate NFkappaB. Conclusively, high plasma glucose together with dicarbonyl compounds can trigger the signaling pathways of MAPK and PKC and induce cell apoptosis through ROS and peroxynitrite stimulation and finally by NFkappaB activation. Such effects of PE were ascribed to its high plant polyphenolic (PPP) contents, the latter being potent ROS inhibitors capable of blocking the glycation of proteins, which otherwise could have brought forth severe detrimental effects to the cells.     

Flumorph Is a Novel Fungicide That Disrupts Microfilament Organization in Phytophthora melonis

ABSTRACT The mechanism of the effects of flumorph (a novel fungicide) was investigated by analyzing alterations of hyphal morphology, cell wall deposition patterns, F-actin organization, and other organelles in Phytophthora melonis. Calcofluor white staining suggested that flumorph did not inhibit the synthesis of cell wall materials, but disturbed the polar deposition of newly synthesized cell wall materials during cystospore germination and hyphal growth. After exposure to flumorph, zoospores were able to switch into cystospores accompanied with the formation of a cell wall, whereas cystospores failed to induce the isotropic-polar switch and did not produce germ tubes but continued the isotropic growth phase. In flumorph-treated hyphae, the most characteristic change was the development of periodic swelling ("beaded" morphology) and the disruption of tip growth. Newly synthesized cell wall materials were deposited uniformly throughout the diffuse expanded region of hyphae, in contrast to their normal polarized patterns of deposition. These alterations were the result of F-actin disruption, identified with the fluorescein isothiocynate (FITC)-phalloidin staining. The disruption of F-actin also was accompanied by disorganized organelles: each swelling of subapical hyphae was associated with a nucleus. Vesicles did not undergo polarized secretion to the apical hyphae, but diffused around nuclei for the subapical growth; thus, the cell wall was thickened with periodic expansion along the hyphae. Upon removing flumorph, normal tip growth and organized F-actin were observed again. These data, as well as data published earlier, suggest that flumorph may be involved in the impairment of cell polar growth through directly or indirectly disrupting the organization of F-actin. The primary site of action by flumorph in the disruption of the F-actin organization is under investigation.     

贮藏温度和种子含水率对水曲柳种子活力指标的影响

为探明解除休眠水曲柳(Fraxinus mandshurica)种子适宜的贮藏条件,以解除休眠的水曲柳种子为材料,经室温自然阴干至不同含水率(低含水率7%、中等含水率10%和高含水率14%),分析种子不同含水率和不同温度(25℃、5℃、-20℃)干燥贮藏后的萌发表现。结果表明：种子含水率、贮藏温度以及两者交互作用均对干燥贮藏后水曲柳种子的发芽率、发芽指数、发芽时间影响极显著(P<0.01);室温贮藏条件下,种子含水率越高,水曲柳种子发芽率越低;低温(-20℃、5℃)贮藏条件下,高含水率种子仍然可以保持很高的发芽率。因此,生产实践中,低温贮藏种子的含水率控制在7%～14%,室温条件下贮藏种子含水率控制在7%。若短期贮藏水曲柳种子可以选择5℃条件贮藏,长期贮藏水曲柳种子选择-20℃较适宜。