金龟子绿僵菌CQMa421对棉蚜、绿盲蝽的田间防效

棉花是我国重要的经济作物, 虫害严重制约了棉花生产, 造成棉农的经济损失。目前, 化学杀虫剂仍是防治棉花虫害的主要手段, 长期使用化学杀虫剂导致棉蚜Aphis gossypii、绿盲蝽Apolygus lucorum产生抗药性, 降低防治效果。本研究使用80亿孢子/mL金龟子绿僵菌CQMa421可分散油悬浮剂防治棉蚜、绿盲蝽, 室内生测结果表明, 金龟子绿僵菌CQMa421能有效侵染棉蚜和绿盲蝽, 随着浓度的升高, 对棉蚜和绿盲蝽的毒力增强。〖JP+2〗田间试验结果表明, 该药剂能有效控制棉花主要害虫棉蚜和绿盲蝽。采用1 200 mL/hm2用量, 药后14 d对棉蚜的防效达94.42%; 采用1 350 mL/hm2用量, 药后14 d对绿盲蝽的防效分别达到87.25%(新疆), 91.62%(湖北)。     

基于形态性状和SSR标记的克氏原螯虾养殖群体遗传多样性分析

为客观评估广西南宁周边地区克氏原螯虾养殖群体的遗传多样性,采集来自南宁的3个克氏原螯虾群体——埃及群体（AJ）、良庆群体（LQ）和上林群体（SL）,以及湖北荆州（JZ）和江西湖口（HK）的群体各1个,采用形态学结合微卫星分子标记的方法分析其遗传多样性水平。形态分析结果显示,雌性群体的综合判别准确率为68.59%,雄性群体的综合判别准确率为73.60%;3个南宁群体（AJ,LQ,SL）与JZ群体聚为一类,3个南宁群体间具有较高的形态相似度。微卫星分析结果显示,AJ群体和LQ群体的遗传多样性最高,SL群体和HK群体次之;LQ群体与SL群体的遗传分化系数和遗传距离最小。结果表明广西南宁克氏原螯虾群体具有较高的遗传多样性,从国外引种或国内不同地理来源群体的杂交可能是提高克氏原螯虾群体遗传多样性的重要途径。     

Sulodexide protects against hyperglycemia-induced retinal vascular injury via suppressing NOX4/NLRP3 pathway

AIM To investigate the effect of sulodexide (SDX) on high glucose-induced damage in retinal microvascular endothelial cells. METHODS (1) High-fat diet combined with intraperitoneal injection of streptozocin were used to induce type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) followed by injection of saline or SDX in C57BL/6J male mice. Retinal microvascular leakage and density, and the protein levels of NLRP3 inflammasome-related proteins, zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) were measured. (2) Human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMECs) were treated with normal glucose or high glucose with or without SDX, and were further transfected with siRNA to knock down NOX4, or infected by adenovirus to over-express NOX4. The protein levels of ZO-1, VE-cadherin (VE-Cad), NOX4 and NLRP3 inflammasome-related proteins as well as the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected. RESULTS Treatment with SDX increased the protein level of ZO-1, attenuated retinal leakage and NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and enhanced the density of microvasculature and the number of ganglion cells in diabetic retinas. The protein levels of ZO-1 and VE-Cad were decreased, while the levels of NOX4, NLRP3 inflammasome-related proteins and ROS generation were increased in high glucose-treated HRMECs. Silencing of NOX4 inhibited high glucose-induced increases in NLRP3 inflammasome and ROS generation, and decreases in the protein levels of ZO-1 and VE-Cad. Over-expression of NOX4 significantly increased the levels of NLRP3 inflammasome-related proteins and ROS generation in HRMECs, and reduced the protein levels of ZO-1 and VE-Cad. Treatment with SDX partly reversed NOX4 over-expression-induced changes. CONCLUSION SDX alleviates hyperglycemia-induced retinal microvascular endothelial injury via inhibiting NOX4/ROS/NLRP3 pathways.     

果树木屑黑木耳袋栽基质研究

黑木耳产业对栎木资源的依赖是该产业发展和生态文明建设不相适应的突出表现,因而选取果树替代传统栎木是促进黑木耳产业绿色生态发展的潜在途径。本文选取苹果树木屑、桃树木屑、桔树木屑和核桃树木屑为黑木耳主要栽培基质,通过菌丝生长速度、菌丝密度、菌丝色泽以及锁状联合数目等指标考核最佳果木木屑袋栽基质。结果表明,黑木耳菌丝在桃树木屑袋料基质上生长最好,生长速度（5.62 mm/d）比对照组（5.24 mm/d）提高了7.25%;菌丝生长势较好,边缘整齐、浓密、色泽洁白且锁状联合数目较多;选取78%、82%、86%和90%等4个不同桃树木屑配比,通过不同袋料基质对桃树木屑黑木耳袋栽基质进行优化研究,最佳果木黑木耳袋栽基质配方为：桃树木屑78%、米糠19%、红糖1.5%、石膏粉1%、石灰粉0.5%,此时黑木耳菌丝的生长速度(10.06 mm/d)比对照组的生长速度(5.88 mm/d)提高了71.09%,且锁状联合数目最多。本研究结果表明,桃树可替代栎木进行黑木耳袋料栽培,为黑木耳产业的绿色高质量发展奠定基础。     

太湖新银鱼种群摄食对小江浮游动物群落结构的影响

为探究三峡水库典型支流小江太湖新银鱼（Neosalanx taihuensis）种群摄食对浮游动物群落结构的影响,于2019年1~12月逐月对太湖新银鱼与浮游动物样品进行采集并分析太湖新银鱼胃含物组成与浮游动物群落结构特征。分析结果表明：（1）太湖新银鱼的饵料生物主要为桡足类（相对重要指数百分比（IRI%）=79.97%）,其次为枝角类（IRI%=18.86%）,轮虫占比较少（IRI%=0.001%）。（2）3至6月（太湖新银鱼春群繁殖期）太湖新银鱼生物量迅速上升,并在5、6月维持较高水平的生物量,而浮游动物群落结构呈现小型化趋势,生物量由28.93 mg/L下降至1.13 mg/L;密度由21173.39 ind./L增加至26808.23 ind./L。7月小江禁捕结束,太湖新银鱼生物量开始急剧下降,小江浮游动物中桡足类和枝角类的密度与生物量迅速升高,于8月（密度为151.98 ind./L;生物量为3.39 mg/L）达到全年最高。（3）在太湖新银鱼生物量较高的时期,由于太湖新银鱼对于枝角类和桡足类具有较强的选择性,导致水体中枝角类和桡足类生物量占比（17%~58%）显著低于其它时期（P<0.05）。由此认为,太湖新银鱼生物量与浮游动物群落结构变化存在较强的关联性,太湖新银鱼种群摄食的下行效应可能是小江浮游动物生物量下降及群落结构小型化的关键原因。明晰太湖新银鱼种群生长与浮游动物群落结构的动态变化关系可为小江水华暴发的控制与水生态健康管理提供理论依据。     

5种豆科绿肥作物种子萌发期与苗期的抗旱性研究

【目的】本文围绕绿肥作物抗旱性的研究,为筛选出适宜干旱地区的绿肥品种提供理论依据。【方法】以毛苕子（Vicia villosa）、光叶紫花苕（V. villosa var. glabresens）、紫云英（Astragalus sinicus）、草木樨（Melilotus officinalis）、箭筈豌豆（V. sativa）5种绿肥作物为研究对象,设置0%、5%、10%、15%和20%的聚乙二醇（PEG-6000）高渗溶液模拟干旱胁迫,萌发期测定发芽率、发芽势并计算萌发指数、抗旱指数和隶属函数值,苗期测定可溶性糖、脯氨酸、丙二醛含量以及电导率等指标,计算隶属函数值。【结果】PEG-6000浓度为5%和10%时,除箭筈豌豆外,其他绿肥作物的发芽率均高于对照,说明低浓度的PEG-6000对种子萌发具有一定的促进作用。随着胁迫浓度的升高,5种绿肥作物的发芽率、发芽势、萌发指数及抗旱系数不断下降,根据隶属函数综合分析评估指标值得出5种绿肥种子抗旱性顺序为：紫云英>草木樨>光叶紫花苕>箭筈豌豆>毛苕子。苗期可溶性糖含量、脯氨酸含量、丙二醛含量及电导率与对照相比均有所升...     

去势和热应激对筠连黄牛生产性能、瘤胃发酵和血液生化指标的影响

为研究去势和热应激对筠连黄牛生产性能、瘤胃发酵和血液生化指标的影响,本研究选用18头16月龄、体重相近((292.35±28.71) kg)的不同去势程度筠连黄牛(全去势FCG、半去势HCG、假手术SOG),分为3组,每组6个重复,每个重复1头牛,根据试验期间牛舍温湿度指数(THI),分为热应激期(7、8月)和非热应激期(9月),分析去势和热应激对黄牛各指标的影响。结果表明：1)与非热应激期相比,热应激期牛舍THI、肉牛呼吸频率和直肠温度均显著提高(P<0.05)。2)去势和热应激均显著提高血清热休克蛋白70、高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)和雌二醇浓度(P<0.05),而睾酮、甲状腺素(T4)、胰岛素和游离脂肪酸浓度显著降低(P<0.05),且除血清葡萄糖、T4和LDL-C外,去势和热应激对其他血清指标存在显著互作效应(P<0.05)。3)全去势和热应激均显著降低肉牛平均日增重(ADG),且存在显著互作效应(P<0.05)。4)热应激期,去势显著降低粗蛋白、酸性洗涤纤维和钙表观消化率以及血清总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)(P<0....     

黄泥田晚稻肥料效应的研究

肥料是作物增产的重要因素。在农田施肥实践中,氮、磷、钾肥最佳用量及合理配比因土壤不同而不同。为此,采用3个因子4、个不同施肥用量水平,展开了黄泥田氮磷钾肥料效应的试验,推荐了最佳施肥用量。     

Identification of serum differential proteins in colorectal adenoma and early malignantly transformed adenoma by proteomics

AIM: To investigate the associated proteins and sensitive biomarkers for early diagnosis of colorectal adenocarcinoma by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between colorectal adenoma and early malignantly transformed adenoma. METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to define patterns of protein expressions of colorectal adenoma and early malignantly transformed adenoma. Proteins expressed differentially among groups were detected, cut out and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry. RESULTS: Two-dimensional protein maps of colorectal adenoma and early malignantly transformed adenoma were analyzed with gel-analysis software, an average of 1 672 spots in adenoma, 1 732 in early malignantly transformed adenoma were observed. 28 spots of a 1.5-fold change were found, including 15 proteins down-regulated and 13 up-regulated in early malignantly transformed adenoma, in which 23 proteins were identified by mass spectrometry, the rate of identification was 82.14%. 13 differential proteins were attained, 8 were up-regulated and 5 were down-regulated, which was classified to 6 categories, including protease inhibitor, complement, immunoglobulin, keratoproteins, signal transduction protein and function-unknown proteins. CONCLUSION: The changes of serum proteins in early malignantly transformed adenoma from adenoma can be identified by proteomic technology. Proteins detected in the study may provide new biomarkers correlated with biological behavior of colorectal adenocarcinoma.     

Effects of apolipoprotein (a) on vascular smooth muscle cells proliferation and cell signal transduction pathway

AIM: To investigate the effect and the mechanism of apolipoprotein (a) ［apo (a)］ on proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). METHODS: All VSMCs used in experiments were serial subcultured from primary cells and were identified by immunohistochemistry staining of α-actin. Cell growth assay was observed as cell counting and MTT assay. Western blotting was also employed to detect the related mechanism. RESULTS: All cells used in experiments were confirmed as VSMCs. Although apo (a) enhanced VSMCs proliferation, this effect was attenuated by anti-integrin αⅤβ3, LM609. Use these reagents alone had no effect on VSMCs growth. The results of Western blotting demonstrated that focal adhesion kinase (FAK) was activated by apo (a) and the expression of total or phosphorylated transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) was also decreased. However, these effects described above were all blocked by LM609. CONCLUSION: Apolipoprotein (a) enhances VSMCs proliferation and this effect is mediated by integrin αⅤβ3, which activates FAK and attenuates TGF-β1 and phospho-TGF-β1 expression.