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101.
102.
Allometry of shoot extension units (hereafter termed "current shoots") was analyzed in a Malaysian canopy species, Elateriospermum tapos Bl. (Euphorbiaceae). Changes in current shoot allometry with increasing tree height were related to growth and maintenance of tree crowns. Total biomass, biomass allocation ratio of non-photosynthetic to photosynthetic organs, and wood density of current shoots were unrelated to tree height. However, shoot structure changed with tree height. Compared with short trees, tall trees produced current shoots of the same mass but with thicker and shorter stems. Current shoots with thin and long stems enhanced height growth in short trees, whereas in tall trees, thick and short current shoots may reduce mechanical and hydraulic stresses. Furthermore, compared with short trees, tall trees produced current shoots with more leaves of lower dry mass, smaller area, and smaller specific leaf area (SLA). Short trees adapted to low light flux density by reducing mutual shading with large leaves having a large SLA. In contrast, tall trees reduced mutual shading within a shoot by producing more small leaves in distal than in proximal parts of the shoot stem. The production of a large number of small leaves promoted light penetration into the dense crowns of tall trees. All of these characteristics suggest that the change in current shoot structure with increasing tree height is adaptive in E. tapos, enabling short trees to maximize height growth and tall trees to maximize light capture. 相似文献
103.
104.
Shoma MIKAWA Yasuhiro OHTA Noriyuki KAJI Md Shafiqul ISLAM Takahisa MURATA Hiroshi OZAKI Masatoshi HORI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(11):1443-1449
Endotoxin causes gastrointestinal motility disorder. Aim of this study is to clarify
inhibitory mechanisms of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on smooth muscle contraction in rat
ileum. Ileal tissues were isolated from control rat or from LPS-induced peritonitis model
rat. Treatment with LPS inhibited carbachol (CCh)-mediated contraction in a time-dependent
manner. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) genes were
also upregulated, but iNOS expression was preceded by a rising of COX-2. All subtypes of
prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) receptors (EP1-EP4) were expressed in ileum,
and PGE2 and selective EP2 or EP4 agonist inhibited CCh-mediated contraction.
Selective iNOS inhibitor did not reverse LPS-induced inhibition of contraction by CCh at 1
and 2 hr, but reduced the inhibitory action at 4 hr after the LPS treatment. COX-2
inhibitor reversed the inhibitory action by LPS in all exposure time. Finally, in ileal
tissues isolated from peritonitis model rat, iNOS expression was upregulated only at 4 hr
after LPS administration, resulting in enhanced inhibitory action of LPS against
CCh-induced contraction. In conclusion, LPS induces COX-2 to produce PGE2,
which initially activates EP2 and/or EP4 on smooth muscle cells to inhibit the
contractility in early phase of LPS exposure. Moreover, in late phase of LPS treatment,
iNOS is expressed to produce NO, which in turn inhibited the contraction by CCh. The
inhibitory cascade is similar in the ileum isolated from peritonitis model rat, indicating
time-dependent changes of inhibitory action by LPS on intestinal motility in
peritonitis. 相似文献
105.
Noriyuki Nagata Masashi Yuki 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2015,56(9):931-933
Two dogs were diagnosed with myotonia associated with hyperadrenocorticism and treated with trilostane. One dog showed temporary improvement, but the other dog showed no improvement. The dogs survived 2383 and 1902 days, respectively. Findings suggest that myotonia persists despite treatment, but this condition is not associated with a poor prognosis for survival. 相似文献
106.
Takabatake N Okamura M Yokoyama N Ikehara Y Akimitsu N Arimitsu N Hamamoto H Sekimizu K Suzuki H Igarashi I 《Veterinary parasitology》2007,148(2):93-101
Recent in vitro-based studies using several Babesia spp. have suggested that sialic acids and/or sialoglycoproteins on host red blood cells (RBCs) play an important role in their invasion of RBCs. In the present study, we analyzed the RBC characteristics of glycophorin A (GPA)-knockout mice and studied their in vivo susceptibility to lethal infection of Babesia rodhaini for the first time. In immunoblot and lectin blot analyses, glycoproteins containing O-linked oligosaccharides terminated with alpha2-3-linked sialic acids disappeared from the RBCs of GPA homozygous ((-/-)) mice. Flow cytometric analysis showed a remarkable reduction of Maackia amurensis lectin II binding to the surface of GPA(-/-) RBCs relative to control RBCs, indicating an appreciable loss of alpha2-3-linked sialic acids on the RBC surface of GPA(-/-) mice. Importantly, while B. rodhaini caused lethal infection in wild-type mice, the infected GPA(-/-) mice showed inhibition of parasite growth and eventually survived. These results indicate that RBC sialoglycoproteins lost in GPA(-/-) mice are involved in the in vivo growth of B. rodhaini, probably functioning as essential molecule(s) for the parasite invasion of host RBCs in the blood circulation. 相似文献
107.
Okamura Akihiro Yamada Yoshiaki Mikawa Naomi Horie Noriyuki Tsukamoto Katsumi 《Fisheries Science》2020,86(4):685-692
Fisheries Science - This study assessed the effects of diets supplemented with different types of chitin hydrolysate on larval growth of the Japanese eel Anguilla japonica. Larvae were reared for... 相似文献
108.
Shiro Itoi Junpei Odaka Shunsuke Noguchi Tsutomu Noda Kohei Yuasa Toshihiko Muraki Taichi Tanabe Noriyuki Takai Kiyoshi Yoshihara Haruo Sugita 《Fisheries Science》2011,77(6):975-981
Scombrops gilberti is a member of the percoid family Scombropidae, which includes a single genus and three to four species worldwide. Little
is known about the ecology of this species. Juvenile S. gilberti have been found in the waters off northern Japan (Iwate Prefecture), whereas adults are found in the waters around the southern
counterpart (Izu Islands), approximately 700 km from the northern waters. In the present study, we captured immature S. gilberti (106–248 mm standard length, SL) in the northern waters by set net at 8–80 m depth, whereas larger individuals (150–328 mm
SL) were captured by trawling at 150–500 m depth. By contrast, only adult S. gilberti (422–590 mm SL) were captured in the southern waters. The genetic composition of the adult population of S. gilberti from the southern waters and of the juvenile population from the northern waters was compared using the nucleotide sequence
of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) cytochrome b gene. No significant differences in genetic parameters such as fixation index, neutrality test or mismatch distribution analysis
were found between these geographically distinct populations of S. gilberti, showing that these populations are genetically homogeneous. 相似文献
109.
Tomoko?UtohEmail author Noriyuki?Horie Naomi?Mikawa Akihiro?Okamura Yoshiaki?Yamada Atsushi?Akazawa Satoru?Tanaka Hideo?P?Oka 《Fisheries Science》2005,71(1):38-47
ABSTRACT: Annual changes in the gonadosomatic index (GSI), oocyte diameter, gonadal histology and plasma estradiol-17β (E2 ) levels were investigated in female common Japanese conger Conger myriaster in captivity. Juveniles were caught in September 1999 and reared in seawater at temperatures ranging from 10–20°C for 3 years. All fish were immature when captured in September 1999. GSI and oocyte diameter increased from October 2000, peaked between summer and autumn 2001, and bottomed-out in winter 2001. Plasma E2 level also increased from October 2000, but remained high. The ovarian developmental stage was at the peri-nucleolus stage or the oil droplet stage until September 2000. Vitellogenesis started in October 2000 and oocytes progressed to the tertiary yolk globule stage by summer 2001. However, vitellogenic oocytes regressed in all females after autumn 2001. The neogenetic oocytes began to increase after November 2001 and ovarian development progressed in 2002 as they did in 2001, although maximum GSI in 2002 was half its 2001 value. These data indicate that ovarian development in the common Japanese conger has an annual periodicity, and that these congers may be able to spawn in multiple years under rearing condition. 相似文献
110.
Taro KONDO Fumio SATO Nao TSUZUKI Kenichi WATANABE Noriyuki HORIUCHI Yoshiyasu KOBAYASHI Kazutaka YAMADA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2022,84(4):525
The purpose of this observational study was to determine the characteristic computed tomographic (CT) myelography findings of cervical vertebral stenotic myelopathy (CVSM) lesions in Thoroughbred horses. A total of 23 Thoroughbred horses (age range, 155–717 days on CT examination; mean, 410.9 days) were analyzed. All 23 Thoroughbred horses underwent unenhanced radiography, radiographic myelography, and CT myelography. Unenhanced radiographs were observed the presence of cervical vertebral malalignment and osseous lesions. Radiographic myelograms were observed for signs of cervical spinal cord compression; additionally, CT myelograms were used to detect cervical vertebral osseous lesions. Ventral compressions were frequently observed in the cranial cervical vertebrae (C2–C4), whereas dorsal compressions were frequently observed in the caudal cervical vertebrae (C5–C7). Furthermore, osseous lesions of the caudal articular process developed more frequently than those of the cranial articular process. CT myelography in Thoroughbred horses is a useful method for detecting CVSM changes. 相似文献