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71.
Weak effects of habitat type on susceptibility to invasive freshwater species: an Italian case study 下载免费PDF全文
Angela Boggero Alberto Basset Martina Austoni Enrico Barbone Luca Bartolozzi Isabella Bertani Alessandro Campanaro Antonella Cattaneo Fabio Cianferoni Giuseppe Corriero Ambrosius Martin Dörr A. Concetta Elia Gentile Francesco Ficetola Lyudmila Kamburska Gianandrea La Porta Sara Lauceri Alessandro Ludovisi Elda Gaino Enzo Goretti Massimo Lorenzoni Marina Manca Aldo Marchetto Giuseppe Morabito Francesco Nonnis Marzano Alessandro Oggioni Cataldo Pierri Nicoletta Riccardi Giampaolo Rossetti Nicola Ungaro Pietro Volta Silvia Zaupa Diego Fontaneto 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2014,24(6):841-852
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72.
Nicola Grint BVSc DVA Diplomate ECVAA MRCVS & Alexandra Dugdale MA Vet MB DVA Diplomate ECVAA MRCVS 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2009,36(1):63-66
Objective To compare the brightness of South American camelid venous blood to that of Equidae.
Study design Prospective clinical evaluation.
Animals Twelve South American camelids (eight llamas, four alpacas), eight horses and ponies (control group).
Methods Appropriately sized catheters were placed in the jugular vein of each animal under local anaesthesia. The blood spilt before the catheter was capped was caught on a white tile. A sample of blood was drawn for blood-gas analysis. The brightness of the blood (both on the tile and in the syringe) was matched to a colour chart (1 = darkest red, 8 = brightest red) by a single observer under bright light conditions. Packed cell volume (PCV) and partial pressure of oxygen (PvO2 ) in the blood were also measured on the syringe blood. Normally distributed data were compared using a two tailed t -test, and non-normally distributed data were compared using a Mann–Whitney U -test. Significance was set at p < 0.05.
Results Camelid venous blood was significantly brighter red than that of horses and ponies both on the white tile ( p = 0.0003) and in the syringe ( p = 0.0001). PCV was significantly lower in camelids (32 ± 4%) compared with horses (37 ± 5%). Partial pressure of oxygen values were similar between groups.
Conclusions and clinical relevance Jugular venous blood in alpacas and llamas is significantly brighter red than that of horses. Colour should not be used as a sole determinant of venous or arterial catheterization in this species. 相似文献
Study design Prospective clinical evaluation.
Animals Twelve South American camelids (eight llamas, four alpacas), eight horses and ponies (control group).
Methods Appropriately sized catheters were placed in the jugular vein of each animal under local anaesthesia. The blood spilt before the catheter was capped was caught on a white tile. A sample of blood was drawn for blood-gas analysis. The brightness of the blood (both on the tile and in the syringe) was matched to a colour chart (1 = darkest red, 8 = brightest red) by a single observer under bright light conditions. Packed cell volume (PCV) and partial pressure of oxygen (PvO
Results Camelid venous blood was significantly brighter red than that of horses and ponies both on the white tile ( p = 0.0003) and in the syringe ( p = 0.0001). PCV was significantly lower in camelids (32 ± 4%) compared with horses (37 ± 5%). Partial pressure of oxygen values were similar between groups.
Conclusions and clinical relevance Jugular venous blood in alpacas and llamas is significantly brighter red than that of horses. Colour should not be used as a sole determinant of venous or arterial catheterization in this species. 相似文献
73.
74.
Nicola Rooney Samantha Gaines Elly Hiby 《Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research》2009,4(3):127-134
Research conducted by the Anthrozoology Institute and the Defence Science and Technology Laboratory has shown that many working dogs exhibit high levels of physiologic stress in response to kenneling (Hiby et al., 2006, Rooney et al., 2007a). Furthermore, these dogs tend to perform poorly during training, establishing links between welfare and working ability (Rooney et al., 2005, Rooney et al., 2007b). Subsequently, we have been studying how kenneling affects welfare and working ability. Specifically, we have investigated which elements within housing and husbandry influence welfare, which of these seem to be the most important, and how environmental enrichment (e.g. feeding devices) can affect welfare and working ability. This paper draws together results from all of these studies, identifying signs that may be indicative of compromised welfare, and providing guidelines, based on scientific evidence, for how to improve kenneled working dog welfare. It reproduces an unpublished guide designed to primarily inform and advise practitioners who are responsible for caring for, and/or handling working dogs. This paper aims to ensure that practitioners are updated of the most recent advances in working dog welfare, and hence many of the studies summarized here are yet to be published in full, in peer-reviewed journals. 相似文献
75.
De Lorenzi D Mandara MT Tranquillo M Baroni M Gasparinetti N Gandini G Masserdotti C Bonfanti U Bertolini G Vian P Bernardini M 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2006,35(2):208-214
BACKGROUND: The increased sophistication of imaging techniques in veterinary medicine allows the detection of a wide variety of intracranial and intraspinal lesions; however, imaging often does not provide a definitive diagnosis for nervous system (NS) lesions. Cytology is emerging as a useful diagnostic tool for obtaining a fast and accurate assessment of NS lesions, but little information is available for dogs and cats. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to assess the accuracy of cytologic evaluation of squash samples from NS lesions in dogs and cats and to consider cytology-based diagnostic guidelines and sources of misdiagnosis. METHODS: Cytologic specimens from masses localized in the central and peripheral NS taken during surgery or postmortem examination were classified into 3 groups according to the final histopathologic diagnosis: Group 1 = completely correct diagnosis, when the cytologic diagnosis and final histologic diagnosis were exactly correlated; Group 2 = partial correlation, when the cytologic diagnosis only partially correlated with the final histologic diagnosis, and Group 3 = no correlation, when the cytologic diagnosis was incorrect and there was no correlation with the general histologic type of lesion. The diagnostic accuracy of cytopathology was calculated by considering the histopathologic diagnosis as the "gold standard," and calculating a 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS: A total of 42 animals (33 dogs and 9 cats) were included in the study. The cytologic diagnoses were classified in Group 1 for 32 cases (76%; 95% CI 0.63-0.89), in Group 2 for 6 cases (14%; 95% CI 0.04-0.25), and in Group 3 for 4 cases (10%; 95% CI 0.006-0.18). Considering both complete and partial correlation as an adequate result, cytologic diagnosis was satisfactory in 90% of biopsies. CONCLUSIONS: Although the current series of cases is relatively small, cytologic evaluation of squash preparations can be considered a fairly accurate and reliable tool in the diagnosis of NS lesions. 相似文献
76.
Nicola Dal Ferro Elisa Cocco Antonio Berti Barbara Lazzaro Francesco Morari 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2018,64(11):1518-1533
The cost-effectiveness of adopting agri-environmental measures (AEMs) in Europe, which combine agricultural productions with reduced N losses, is debated due to poorly targeted site-specific funding that is allocated regardless of local variability. An integrated DAYCENT model-GIS platform was developed combining pedo-climatic and agricultural systems information. The aim was to evaluate best strategies to improve N fluxes of agro-ecosystems within a perspective of sustainable intensification. Indicators of agronomic efficiency and environmental quality were considered. The results showed that agronomic benefits were observed with a continuous soil cover (conservation agriculture and cover crops), which enhanced nitrogen use efficiency (+17%) and crop yields (+34%), although in some cases these might be overestimated due to modelling limitations. An overall environmental improvement was found with continuous soil cover and long-term change from mineral to organic inputs (NLeach < 10 kg ha?1 a?1, N-N2O emissions < 1 kg ha?1 a?1, soil C stock > 45 Mg ha?1), which were effective in the sandy soils of western and eastern Veneto with low SOM, improving the soil-water balance and nutrients availability over time. Results suggest that AEM subsidies should be allocated at a site-specific level that includes pedo-climatic variability, following a result-oriented approach. 相似文献
77.
Nicola K Richards Sarah Mansfield Richard J Townsend Colin M Ferguson 《Pest management science》2017,73(11):i-i
The cover image, by Nicola K Richards et al., is based on the Research Article Genetic variation within species and haplotypes of the Wiseana (Lepidoptera: Hepialidae) complex and development of non‐sequenced based identification tools to aid field studies, DOI: 10.1002/ps.4620 . Photo Credit: Colin M. Ferguson, AgResearch‐ Invermay.
78.
The sustainability of agricultural systems is frequently evaluated with indicators, which are synthetic variables describing complex systems. Each indicator deals with one aspect of sustainability (e.g. nutrients, pesticides, energy), and therefore the result of a complete assessment usually includes several indicator values. These values are frequently presented separately, while an integrated evaluation could benefit from the calculation of a single sustainability index. The aim of this work was to integrate 15 economic and environmental indicator values into a global sustainability index (Sg) ranging from 0 to 1.To calculate the indicators, we used a large data set of cropping systems management for 131 fields cultivated with arable crops in northern Italy, obtained through periodic interviews with farmers over a 2-year period. The fields were chosen to represent the main cropping systems in the area (cereals and forages, on animal and cereal farms). The 15 indicators describe a large variety of sustainability aspects, i.e. the economic performance and the management of energy, nutrients, soil, and pesticides.The indicator values were first converted into a sustainability score (Si; 0–1) applying continuous non-linear sustainability functions that use thresholds defining what is sustainable, unsustainable, or intermediate. We obtained 15 values of Si per each field, which we aggregated into Sg using indicator-specific weights provided by different stakeholders. This procedure permits not only the single indicators evaluation, but also to combine indicators for an assessment of cropping systems at field level.Permanent meadows, due to good management of soil, pesticides and nutrients, obtained the highest Sg, even when different weights were used. Continuous rice obtained the lowest Sg (due to unsatisfactory soil management, low energy production, and high pest and weed pressure, which involved a large use of pesticides), while maize was intermediate, with good economic and energetic performance.The methodology allows a transparent, repeatable, sound, and quantitative evaluation of sustainability of agricultural systems. It can be easily expanded by adding other indicators, and can be tailored by changing the thresholds used to calculate Si and the weights assigned by stakeholder groups. 相似文献
79.
Automated canopy temperature estimation via infrared thermography: A first step towards automated plant water stress monitoring 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Canopy temperature estimation is an important process for plant water status monitoring. In this paper the problem for measurement data of the scene acquired via an infrared (IR) thermography system is considered. An optical image taken from the plant canopy is aligned with the underlying IR image, so that plant leaf area can be extracted via simple colour identification techniques and then the temperature distribution of the leaf area is obtained. The success of this procedure relies on the assumption that both optical-IR image alignment and leaf area extraction are perfect. In practice, such assumptions are rarely justifiable and the computed result can often be found undesirable. Particularly, the simple colour identification technique fails when temperatures of reference leaves, which are embedded in the canopy and provide known conductance to water vapour, are required to be estimated. In this paper, we address this issue and propose a novel algorithm to solve the problem. The underlying plant leaf temperature distribution is considered to be the fusion of two temperature densities separable via a combination of colour identification and Gaussian mixture distribution extraction techniques. A N-average method is tested with moderate success to estimate reference leaf temperatures from the estimated leaf temperature distribution. Our experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and consistency of the proposed algorithm. 相似文献
80.
Jennifer Fazakerley Nicola Williams Stuart Carter Neil McEwan Tim Nuttall 《Veterinary dermatology》2010,21(6):578-585
Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is part of the normal canine flora but frequently causes pyoderma in canine atopic dermatitis (AD). This study aimed to determine whether particular S. pseudintermedius strains were associated with AD and/or pyoderma. Ninety‐six S. pseudintermedius isolates from the ear, nares, perineum and lesions of 21 atopic and 16 healthy dogs were lysed with proteinase K and digested with 40 U SmaI. Restriction products were separated using pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) with an Oxford S. aureus control and lambda‐ladder DNA concatomer markers. A dendrogram was constructed by the unweighted pair group method. All isolates showed a ≥56% similarity coefficient. Nine distinct PFGE clusters were identified, as follows: five from both atopic and healthy dogs; three from atopic dogs only; and one from healthy dogs only. Nine clusters were isolated from the nares, eight from the perineum, five from the ears and six from pyoderma lesions. There were no significant differences in the frequency of isolation from atopic or healthy skin, body sites or infected lesions for any of the clusters. Two of six healthy dogs and 18 of 20 atopic dogs with multiple isolates had closely related isolates (less than three band differences) at more than one sampling site. Isolates from pyoderma lesions were closely related to at least one mucosal isolate in 11 of 16 dogs. Staphylococcus pseudintermedius isolates appear to be heterogeneous, and colonization or infection of atopic skin was not associated with any particular strain or cluster of strains. 相似文献